• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.221-232
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• 2008

This paper represents the final results of a research program sponsored by the European Commission through project WIND-CHIME ($\underline{W}$ide Range Non-$\underline{IN}$trusive $\underline{D}$evices toward $\underline{C}$onservation of $\underline{HI}$storical Monuments in the $\underline{ME}$diterranean Area), in which the possibility of using advanced seismic protection technologies to preserve historical monuments in the Mediterranean area is investigated. In the current research, the dynamic characteristics of two outstanding Mamluk-Style minarets, which similar minarets were reported to experience extensive damage during Dahshur 1992 earthquake, are investigated. The first minaret is the Qusun minaret (1337 A.D, 736 Hijri Date (H.D)) located in El-Suyuti cemetery on the southern side of the Salah El-Din citadel. The minaret is currently separated from the surrounding building and is directly resting on the ground (no vaults underneath). The total height of the minaret is 40.28 meters with a base rectangular shaft of about 5.42 ${\times}$ 5.20 m. The second minaret is the southern minaret of Al-Sultaniya (1340 A.D, 739 H.D). It is located about 30.0 meters from Qusun minaret, and it is now standing alone but it seems that it used to be attached to a huge unidentified structure. The style of the minaret and its size attribute it to the first half of the fourteenth century. The minaret total height is 36.69 meters and has a 4.48 ${\times}$ 4.48 m rectangular base. Field investigations were conducted to obtain: (a) geometrical description of the minarets, (b) material properties of the minarets' stones, and (c) soil conditions at the minarets' location. Ambient vibration tests were performed to determine the modal parameters of the minarets such as natural frequencies and mode shapes. A $1/16^{th}$ scale model of Qusun minaret was constructed at Cairo University Concrete Research Laboratory and tested under free vibration with and without SMA wire dampers. The contribution of SMA wire dampers to the structural damping coefficient was evaluated under different vertical loads and vibration amplitudes. Experimental results were used along with the field investigation data to develop a realistic 3-D finite element model that can be used for seismic risk evaluation of the minarets. Examining the updated finite element models under different seismic excitations indicated the vulnerability of such structures to earthquakes with medium to high a/v ratio. The use of SMA wire dampers was found feasible for reducing the seismic risk for this type of structures.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2003

본 연구는 8개의 RBS(reduced beam section) 내진 철골모멘트접합부의 실물대 실험결과를 요약한 것이다. 실험의 주요변수는 보 웨브 접합법 및 패널존 강도를 택하였다. 균형 패널존 시험체는 접합부의 내진성능을 감소시키지 않으면서, 보와 패널존이 함께 균형적으로 지진에너지를 소산시키도록 설계하여 값비싼 패널존 보강판(doubler plates)의 수요를 줄이고자 시도한 것이다. 보 웨브를 용접한 시험제는 모두 특별 연성모멘트골조에서 요구되는 접합부 회전능력을 충분히 발휘하였다. 반면 보 웨브를 볼트 접합한 시험체는 조기에 스캘럽을 가로지르는 취성파단이 발생하는 열등한 성능을 보였다. 보 그루브 용접부 자체의 취성파괴가 본 연구에서와 같이 양질의 용접에 의해 방지되면, 스켈럽 부근의 취성파단이 다음에 해결해야 할 문제로 대두되는 경향을 보인다. 보 웨브를 볼팅한 경우에 접합부 취성파단의 빈도가 월등히 높은 이유를 실험 및 해석결과를 토대로 제시하였다. 측정된 변형도 데이터에 의할 때, 접합부의 전단력 전달메카니즘은 흔히 가정하는 고전 휨이론에 의한 예측과 전혀 다르다. 이는 전통적 보 웨브 설계법을 재검토할 필요가 있음을 시사하는 것이다. 아울러, 접합부에서 요구되는 바람직한 거동기준을 제시하고 이를 근거로 균형 패널존의 강도범위에 대한 예비적 추정치를 제시하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.36-44
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• 2019

본 연구는 뇌졸중 환자들의 대표적인 후유증인 삼킴 장애의 양상을 14개의 하위 항목으로 분류하고 그 특징을 조사하는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구 대상자는 소뇌 천막을 기준으로 천막상 병변의 소견을 보이는 아급성 뇌졸중 환자 49명 이었다. 삼킴 문제의 양상을 조사하고 그에 따른 생리학적 근거를 조사하기 위해 모든 피검자에게 비디오투시조영 삼킴 검사를 시행하였으며 삼킴 장애 평가에는 삼킴 장애 프로파일(The Modified Barium Swallowing Impairment Profile, MBSImP)이 사용되었다. 조사 결과, 뇌졸중 환자의 95.9%는 입술 조절기능에서 문제가 있었고 98%는 혀 조절 기능에서 문제가 있었다. 또한 환자의 57.1%는 음식물을 인두쪽으로 이동시키는데 문제가 있었으며 51%는 구강에 음식물의 일부를 남기는 증상을 나타내었다. 음식물이 인두족으로 유입됨과 동시에 일어나는 인두 삼킴 반사의 경우에는 89.8%의 환자가 지연된 삼킴 반사 증상을 보였으며 후두와 설골의 운동은 각각 42.9 %와 87.8% 환자가 문제가 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 연구개는 환자의 18.4%가 이상 소견을 보였고 후두개의 경우에는 단지 4.1%만이 이상 소견을 보여 대체로 후두개 기능은 잘 보전되어 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 뇌졸중 환자의 30.6%는 후두 폐쇄 기능에 문제가 있었고, 식도 근육의 경우에는 모든 환자(100%)가 이 근육의 상부를 적절히 조절하지 못하는 것으로 조사되었다. 혀 기저부 움직임 또한 환자의 91.8%에게서 문제가 있는 것으로 나타났으며 인두에 음식물을 남기는 증상도 91.8%의 환자에게서 관찰되었다. 본 연구의 결과로부터 뇌졸중 환자의 삼킴 문제의 구체적 양상들에 대해 살펴보았으며 이는 삼킴 장애 중재 및 치료 개발을 위한 기초 자료로 활용 될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.47-57
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• 2016

PURPOSES : This study aims to examine the differences between the existing traffic demand forecasting method and the traffic demand forecasting method considering future regional development plans and new road construction and expansion plans using a four-step traffic demand forecast for a more objective and sophisticated national highway maintenance. This study ultimately aims to present future pavement deterioration and budget forecasting planning based on the examination. METHODS : This study used the latest data offered by the Korea Transport Data Base (KTDB) as the basic data for demand forecast. The analysis scope was set using the Daejeon Metropolitan City's O/D and network data. This study used a traffic demand program called TransCad, and performed a traffic assignment by vehicle type through the application of a user equilibrium-based multi-class assignment technique. This study forecasted future traffic demand by verifying whether or not a realistic traffic pattern was expressed similarly by undertaking a calibration process. This study performed a life cycle cost analysis based on traffic using the forecasted future demand or existing past pattern, or by assuming the constant traffic demand. The maintenance criteria were decided according to equivalent single axle loads (ESAL). The maintenance period in the concerned section was calculated in this study. This study also computed the maintenance costs using a construction method by applying the maintenance criteria considering the ESAL. The road user costs were calculated by using the user cost calculation logic applied to the Korean Pavement Management System, which is the existing study outcome. RESULTS : This study ascertained that the increase and decrease of traffic occurred in the concerned section according to the future development plans. Furthermore, there were differences from demand forecasting that did not consider the development plans. Realistic and accurate demand forecasting supported an optimized decision making that efficiently assigns maintenance costs, and can be used as very important basic information for maintenance decision making. CONCLUSIONS : Therefore, decision making for a more efficient and sophisticated road management than the method assuming future traffic can be expected to be the same as the existing pattern or steady traffic demand. The reflection of a reliable forecasting of the future traffic demand to life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) can be a very vital factor because many studies are generally performed without considering the future traffic demand or with an analysis through setting a scenario upon LCCA within a pavement management system.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.20-31
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the consistency of 1-day and 3-day average dietary intake using the 24-hour diet recall method and to investigate the relationship of diet intake with physiological indicators potentially associated with diabetic complications in patients with diabetes. Methods: This study conducted a secondary data analysis using pretest data of a nursing intervention study entitled "Development of deep learning based AI coaching program for diabetic patients with high risk and examination of its effects." Data were analyzed through descriptive analysis, one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation coefficients using SPSS 26.0. Results: The average total daily calorie intake over 3 days was 1,494.48 ± 436.47 kcal/day: 1,510.90 ± 547.76 kcal/day on the first day, 1,414.22 ± 527.58 kcal/day on the second day, 1,558.34 ± 645.83 kcal/ day on the third day, showing significant differences (F = 3.59, p = .031). The correlation coefficient between the 1-day and 3-day average dietary intake was 0.41-0.77 for each nutrient and 0.62-0.80 for each food group. Vegetable intake showed negative correlations with body mass index (BMI; r = -.19, p = .023) and triglycerides (r = -.18, p = .036), whereas dairy intake was positively associated with low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL; r = -0.18, p = .034) and triglycerides (r = .40, p<.001). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that 1-day dietary intake was highly correlated with 3-day average dietary intake using the 24-hour diet recall method. Food groups showed significant associations with physiological indicators of potential diabetic complications such as BMI, triglycerides, and LDL levels. Further studies are needed to improve the knowledge base on the relationships between physiological indicators and food groups.

• 전자공학회논문지 IE
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.60-64
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• 2006

이 시스템은 위치정보를 얻기 위한 무선통신기의 특성상 중계기의 설치간격에 따라 정보의 범위가 제한되는 것을 보완하기 위한 체계를 구축한다. 주차장 관리 시스템은 주차 정보의 데이터베이스를 구축하고 데이터베이스 정보는 클라이언트와 관리자에게 용이하게 제공할 수 있도록 설계되었다. 주차장에 설치된 무선 통신 장치에는 센서가 부착되어 차량을 감지할 수 있고, 이 데이터는 서버에게 주차위치 기본 정보를 전송한다 무선 핸드폰 에뮬레이터 J2MEWTK를 클라이언트로 하여 서버의 연동을 확인했고, 주차정보의 전송을 통한 서버 주차관리 데이터베이스의 정보 가공을 확인하였으며, 서버와 관리자를 위한 관리자 프로그램은 사용자 편의와 관리에 용이한 메뉴화면을 제공하였다.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.81-87
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• 2003

Web 기반 네트워크 환경에서 3차원의 실세계를 파악하는 것은 매우 어려운 과제이다. 그러나 최근의 시뮬레이션 도구들은 여러 가지 3차원 구현 기술들을 접목하여 제한된 2차원 화면 속에서 3차원 요소들을 효율적으로 구현시켜 나가고 있는 추세이다. 많은 GIS 도구들이 3차원 자료 생성을 위한 훌륭한 기능들을 제공하고 있다. 그러나 웹 환경에서 가상현실기법을 이용한 3차원 CIS의 설계에 대한 연구는 미진한 상태이다. 그래서 이 연구에서는 고가의 Map전용 프로그램의 지원 없이 웹상에서 원하는 방향, 시점에 대한 시각적 정보를 제공할 수 있는 능동적 3차원 VR지도를 제작하기 위해 가상현실모델링언어를 이용하여 3차원 지형 Map을 구현하였으며, 이러한 3D Web-Map은 차세대 지도매체로서 그 가능성이 충분하다고 여겨진다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.197-213
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• 2010

Objectives : This research identified the frequency and satisfaction level of the observation and performance practice during the clinical practice process conducted by dental hygiene students. With the goal of providing base data required for the development and operation of increasingly effective clinical practice program and for the improvement of the existing clinical practice training. Methods : The subjects in this study were 278 students of a university located in Masan. Survey comprised of 49 questions in 10 clinical practice domains was conducted. Results : 1. As for the observation practice by each grade, there was significant difference in oral radiology, pediatric dentistry, periodontology, oral surgery(p<0.05). As for the performance practice executed for each grade, there was significant difference in the oral radiology, preventive dentistry and oral surgery(p<0.05). As for the satisfaction level for each grade, there was significant difference in basic medical service(p<0.05). 2. As for the observation practice by each clinical practice institution, there was significant difference in oral medicine, oral radiology, preventive dentistry, prosthodontics, pediatric dentistry, orthodontics and oral surgery(p<0.05). As for the performance practice executed by each practice institution, there was significant difference in basic medical service, oral medicine, oral radiology, operative dentistry, prosthodontics, orthodontics, oral surgery(p<0.05). As for the satisfaction level by each practice institution, there was significant difference in the oral radiology, preventive dentistry, operative dentistry, prosthodontics, orthodontics, oral surgery(p<0.05). Conclusions : As for the satisfaction level for the clinical practice, basic medical service is the crimary care clinical practice which is most basic and that is executed the most in a dental clinic. Satisfaction level was the highest in the domains where there were extensive observation and practice frequency. By conducting observation and practice frequency in the clinical practice process by each clinical practice domain in a broad and diverse manner, it would be possible to improve the ability of the clinical practice trainees who improve their clinical work execution capability and satisfaction level on the clinical practice.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify knowledge and the Need of pathophysiology, perceived connectivity between knowledge of pathophysiology and clinical practice, and confidence and satisfaction with clinical performance by applying the knowledge to clinical practice, and to analyze the correlation between the knowledge, perceived connectivity, and confidence and satisfaction of clinical nurses. Methods: Subjects consisted of 149 clinical nurses who work at 7 general hospitals and 6 university hospitals located in Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggi province in Korea. Those who learned pathophysiology during their undergraduate program were recruited by using a convenient sampling. The data were collected between April 23 and May 24 in 2012. Participants responded to self-administered questionnaires about knowledge and the need of pathophysiology, and the perceived connectivity between knowledge and clinical practice, and confidence and satisfaction with clinical performance by applying knowledge to clinical practice. Results: Mean scores of knowledge and the need of pathophysiology were $2.88{\pm}0.34$ and $2.33{\pm}0.39$ each. Scores of knowledge and the need of 3 units such as fluid and electrolyte imbalance, acid-base imbalance, and alterations in the respiratory system were high among 23 units while that of adolescent disorders was the lowest. The mean score of perceived connectivity between knowledge and clinical practice was $7.32{\pm}1.57$, and those of confidence and satisfaction with clinical performance by applying the knowledge to clinical practice were $7.66{\pm}1.66$ and $7.42{\pm}1.67$ respectively. Knowledge of pathophysiology was positively correlated with the perceived connectivity between knowledge and clinical practice, and confidence, and satisfaction with clinical performance. Conclusion: The results indicate that knowledge and the need of pathophysiology in clinical nurses is above average, and that knowledge of pathophysiology is important in promoting perceived connectivity with clinical practice and increasing confidence and satisfaction with clinical performance by applying knowledge to clinical practice.

• 교육시설 논문지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2020

Not only the education that follows the school curriculum but also the education that cultivates practical abilities, such as creative experiential activity, is becoming more and more important in the elementary education in order to accept the social demand about the change in the educational environment. Among these movements, 'village-coupled school' has been carried forward as a policy of the Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education since 2016, and it is operating various programs to establish the educational cooperation system of schools and villages. Particularly, each office of education is publishing the 'village resource sourcebook' and introducing the student experiential programs of public facilities that are located at each region in order to enable the experiencing of experiential activities that utilized educational resources of the region. However, the standard or basis about the composition of the regional experiential learning curriculum is currently missing. Regarding the operation of the regional experiential learning, it seems that the school curriculum and associated facility experience or others would mutually increase the educational synergy effect. This research is a proposal to increase the educational effect of regional experiential learning. In the aspect of the experience at a public facility located in the region, it aims at analyzing the use, characteristic, and others of public facilities that appear in the elementary school textbook and propose the base data of the composition of the experiential activity program related to the curriculum.