• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.411-421
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• 2011

이 연구는 세계적인 자연사박물관의 예 결산 내역을 기능 항목 기준에 맞추어 정리한 후, 통합 연구 기능과 일반 행정 기능에 대하여 비교 분석하여 장차 한국에 세워질 국립자연사박물관의 예산배정에 대한 기준을 제시하는데 목적을 둔다. 기초 자료를 구축하기 위하여 세계적인 국립자연사박물관인 미국 국립자연사박물관, 뉴욕 아메리카자연사박물관, 영국 런던자연사박물관, 프랑스 국립자연사박물관, 일본 국립자연과학박물관의 연차보고서, 예산요청서, 재무제표, 회계장부의 예산 사용과 관련된 모든 자료를 수집하였다. 각 자연사박물관의 통합 연구 기능과 일반 행정 기능에 관련된 예 결산 세부 내역을 미국 국립자연사박물관의 예 결산 자료 기준에 맞추어 재분류하였다. 자연사박물관별로 재분류한 세부 항목에 해당하는 예 결산 내역을 정리한 후, 각 자연사박물관의 통합 연구 기능과 일반 행정 기능의 금액에 대하여 국제비교를 실시하였다. 그 결과 연구, 교육, 전시, 출판 기능이 가장 활성화 되었다고 평가받는 미국과 영국 자연사박물관의 통합 연구 기능과 일반 행정 기능의 예산 지출 비율이 평균 약 6:4로 분석되었다. 이것은 자연사박물관의 기능이 극대화되기 위해서는 통합 연구 영역 지원 비율이 높아야 된다는 것을 의미한다.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.149-161
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identified patterns and trend of studies and to analyzed the nursing research related to the mother-child interaction in Korea and to improve direction of nursing research in mother-child interaction in Korea. Method: The research studies related to the mother-child interaction were selected from the Korean Nurses Academic Society Journal, and from dissertation, which were conducted between 1961 and 2002 with the consideration of the condition and the cultural specialty of Korea. The total numbers of the studies were 34. These studies were classified according to 1)time of publication or presentation, 2)research design, 3)type of interaction objects, 4)measurement tool, and 5)chief content of studies. Ressult: 1) Until 1984, there was no research studies related to mother-child interaction. The number of studies on the mother-child interaction on the mother-child interaction has been increased rapidly after 1985. The mother-child interaction studies were 13(38.2％) from the doctoral dissertation, 4(11.8％) from the Master's theses and 17(50％) other papers were published in academic journals. 2) Experimental studies of research design was used in these research studies was 13(38.2％). Descriptive studies was 8(23.6％), correlational studies was 4(11.8％) and comparative studies was 4(11.8％). Qualitative study was just one(2.9％) and literature review was 4(11.8％). Especially experimental studies has been increased. 3) Participants of these studies were mother and infant 29(85.5％), father and infant 2(5.9％), mother and fetus 2(5.9％) and nurse and infant 1(2.9％) 4) Utilization of instruments as follows: 13 studies used Walker et al(1986)'s MIPIS (Mother-Infant Play Interaction Scale), 6 studies used Barnard(1978)'s NCAFS (Nursing Child Assessment Feeding Scale), 4 studies used NCATS(Nursing child Assessment Teaching Scale) for assessing mother-infant interaction. 3 studies used Stainton(1981)'s Parent-Infant Interaction Scale. Choi(1987), Kim(1999) and Kim and Son(1997) used measurement tool researcher made which was modified from NCATS (Nursing child Assessment Teaching Scale) and AMIS(Assessment of Mother-Infant Sensitivity Scale). Other tools used to survey influencing factors of interaction. 5) Content of the research studies were classified 3 different types, such as ① studies about the mother-child interactions' pattern, ② studies about influencing factors of the mother-child interaction, ③ studies about effect of nursing intervention program to improve the mother-child interaction. Conclusion: Therefore we make following suggestions which are made based on the above research analysis : 1) In the future research studies need to compare with other area of discipline in mother-child interaction. 2) More attention and in depth research is needed to validate in terms of research design and statistical data analysis. 3) It is important to develop the instruments which is culturally acceptable in Korea society. 4) The results of correlational studies and experimental studies needs to the integrated by meta analysis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.5761-5767
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• 2013

The potential correlation of X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) Arg399Gln polymorphism with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) susceptibility is ambiguous. Taking account of inconsistent results of previous meta-analyses and new emerging literatures, we conducted a meta-analysis covering 15 case-control datasets to evaluate the relationship. Relevant studies from Medline, Embase and CNKI were retrieved. A fixed-effect model or a random-effect model, depending on between-study heterogeneity, were applied to estimate the association between XRCC1 polymorphism Arg399Gln and HCC risk with the results presented as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). In accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, 15 studies with data for 6,556 individuals were enrolled in this systematic review. For overall HCC,thr XRCC1 polymorphism Arg399Gln was significantly associated with HCC susceptibility in a homozygote model as well as in a dominant model (G/G vs. A/A, OR=1.253, p=0.028; G/G+A/G vs. A/A, OR= 1.281, p=0.047, respectively), but not in a heterozygote model (A/G vs. A/A, OR=1.271, p=0.066) or a recessive model (G/G vs. A/G + A/A, OR= 1.049, p=0.542). Similar results were also observed on stratification analysis by ethnicity (A/G vs. A/A, OR=1.357, p=0.025; G/G vs. A/A, OR=1.310, p=0.011; G/G+A/G vs. A/A, OR= 1.371, p=0.013). However, no potential contribution of XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism to HCC susceptibility in HBV/HCV subgroups was identified. No publication bias was found in this study. In conclusion, the XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism contributes to HCC susceptibility. Due to the lack of studies in Western countries, further large-sample and rigorous studies are needed to validate the findings.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.889-896
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• 2015

Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) is an endopeptidase, mainly responsible for degradation of extracellular matrix components, which plays an important role in cancer disease. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at -1306 disrupts a Sp1-type promoter site. The results from the published studies on the association between MMP2 -1306 C>T polymorphism and cancer risk are contradictory and inconclusive. In the present study, a meta-analysis was therefore performed to evaluate the strength of any association between the MMP2 -1306 C>T polymorphism and risk of cancer. We searched all eligible studies published on association between MMP2 -1306 C>T polymorphism and cancer risk in PubMed (Medline), EMBASE and Google Scholar online web databases until December 2013. Genotype distribution data were collected to calculate the pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) to examine the strength of the association. A total of 8,590 cancer cases and 9,601 controls were included from twenty nine eligible case control studies. Overall pooled analysis suggested significantly reduced risk associated with heterozygous genotype (CT vs CC: OR=0.758, 95%CI=0.637 to 0.902, p=0.002) and dominant model (TT+CT vs CC: OR=0.816, 95%CI=0.678 to 0.982, p=0.032) genetic models. However, allelic (T vs C: OR=0.882, 95%CI=0.738 to 1.055, p=0.169), homozygous (TT vs CC: OR=1.185, 95%CI=0.825 to 1.700, p=0.358) and recessive (TT vs CC+CT: OR=1.268, 95%CI=0.897 to 1.793, p=0.179) models did not show any risk. No evidence of publication bias was detected during the analysis. The results of present meta-analysis suggest that the MMP2 -1306 C>T polymorphism is significantly associated with reduced risk of cancer. However, further studies with consideration of different populations will be required to evaluate this relationship in more detail.

• 미술이론과 현장
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• 제14호
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• pp.187-215
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• 2012

In recent studies of art historical methodology, such as Critical Terms for Art History and The Art of Art History, subjectivity, identity, abjection, and other terms have been placed safely in the genealogy of contemporary art history. This paper questions the contemporaneity in the story of contemporary art in our time in relation to two other critical terms that have been regularly cited by contemporary critics, not only in Euro-American fields but also in Korea. The terms are postmedium and postproduction, respectively, as used by Rosalind Krauss and Nicolas Bourriaud. This paper stems from the critical condition in which art criticism and theory have their power in the rise of neo-liberalism. But this paper does not deal with the contemporary as a chronological term for art history but rather examines the three critical terms-contemporaneity, post-medium, and postproduction-that have garnered scholarly attention. I would like to put aside postmodernism for the moment; I don't disregard the postmodern condition although the death of postmodern critical terms has resulted in the loss of its polemical power in art worlds such as in exhibitions, etc. To look at "the postproduction in the age of post-medium age after postmodernism," I first explore Krauss's notion of post-medium because, unlike media artists like Lev Manovich and Peter Weibel, Krauss's post-medium condition is different and insists on medium specificity. In this sense, Krauss has turned out to be another Greenberg in disguise. For her, photography and video are expanded mediums after Greenberg, because Krauss has spent her life explicating those mediums. Under the Cup, her recent publication, came out in 2011, and discusses her desire to defend medium-specificity against the intermedia of installation art found ubiquitously in international exhibitions and biennales. Her usage of post-medium has been taken up by Weibel as postmedia in a broader sense. But whether the post-medium condition or the postmedia age, we nonetheless enter the new age of the contemporary. Consequently, this paper questions what constitutes contemporaneity in our times. It is said that there is nothing new on earth, yet I find original artistic strategies among the younger generation in the postmedia age. The contemporary justifies its place in art fields and criticism by keeping its distance from postmodernism although we still find the remnants of postmodern artistic practices and theoretical foundations. By looking at materials written by Terry Smith, I would like to examine contemporaneity as a rhetoric where artists, critics, and curators endeavor to set up a new spirit of criticism, distant from the past of modernism and postmodernism. In discussions, modernism and postmodernism act as catalysts interacting with each other while justifying their own place. In conclusion, my paper reaches to delineate where the contemporary finds its place among artists' responses and working methods. It explores the postproduction of the Internet and the World Wide Web generations, where images become data rather than representation (of modernism) and appropriation (of postmodernism). This paper analyzes Bourriaud's text, as well as relevant artists like Pierre Huyghe, Liam Gillick, and others. By examining the aforementioned critical terms, I would like to reconsider our own contemporary art in Korea, especially among young artists influenced by digital media and the World Wide Web in the 1990s.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제11권8호
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• pp.247-259
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• 2011

국방과학기술분야 업무의 효율성을 극대화하기 위해서는 국가적인 차원에서 국방 관련 기관들이 사용하고 있는 국방과학기술분야의 전문용어를 광범위하게 수집하고 기술 체계를 통일하여 관리하는 것이 필요하다. 각 분야별/기관별로 사용되고 있는 국방과학기술 용어들의 표준화를 통해서 전문용어에 대한 혼란을 없애는 것은 물론, 전문용어 사전을 오프라인 및 온라인 서비스에 활용함으로써 전문용어에 대한 접근성을 높이는 것이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 고도의 신뢰성이 요구되는 국방과학기술 정보 분석의 기반을 제공하기 위해서 국방과학기술분야를 중심으로 전문용어의 선정, 기술 기준, 기술 구조를 포함하는 모든 프로세스를 표준화하는 것은 물론, 온라인 서비스에 전문용어 사전의 효과적으로 활용하기 위한 방안을 제시하고 있다. 또한 표준화된 구축 프로세스에 따라 전문용어 사전을 시범 구축하였다. 본 연구를 통해 생성되는 전문용어 사전은 다음과 같은 분야에 활용될 수 있다. 1) 국방과학기술 전문용어 데이터베이스 구축 및 용어 사전의 발간. 2) 국방과학기술분야의 정보 분석. 3) 전문용어 다국어 대역어를 이용한 외국어 정보분석. 4) 정보 처리 용어의 일관성 보증. 5) 전문용어를 추출하기 위한 언어 자원.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.95-100
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• 2002

본 연구는 개선된 한국형 도로용량편람 작성 작업의 일환으로 고속도로 연결로 접속부에 대한 분석방법에 관해 검토한 것으로 1992년에 작성된 우리나라의 도로용량편람(92KHCM)과 최근에 발표된 미국의 도로용량편람(USHCM2000)의 분석방법론을 비교 검토하여 국내에서의 적용가능성을 타진하고 최적의 분석방법을 정립하고자 하였다 이를 위해 본 연구의 대상구간을 설정하고 기존 방법론을 이용하여 현장 관측치와 비교 평가한 후 수집된 자료들을 분석토록 하였다. 자료의 수집 및 분석 결과 접속차로 1개만을 고려한 92KHCM의 경우 평가에 사용된 모형식에 의한 추정치와 실제 관측치가 다소 차이를 보였으나 접속차로 2개를 고려한 2000USHCM 의 경우 계산치와 관측치가 거의 일치함을 알 수 있었다. 이를 통해 2000USHCM에서의 분석방법론이 보다 합리적인 면이 많이 내포되어 있음을 확인 할 수 있었다. 또한 서비스 수준의 판정기준으로 영향권의 밀도가 사용되어 졌으며 이전의 속도에 비해 교통량의 증가에 따른 민감도가 우수함을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구에서의 분석대상 구간은 독립적인 합류부에 국한하였으나 추후 본 연구는 보다 광범위한 자료의 수집을 통해 연속적인 분류 합류 연결로 접속부에 대한 연구로 확대가 되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2018

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to subdivide trade transaction-centered structure in a logistics/distribution industry system to apply blockchain, to establish and resolve with which types of technology, and to provide policy direction of government institution and technology to apply blockchain in this kind of industry. Research design, data, and methodology - This study was conducted with previous researches centered on cases applied in various industry sectors on the basis of blockchain technology. Results - General fields of blockchain application include digital contents distribution, IoT platform, e-Commerce, real-estate transaction, decentralized app. development(storage), certification service, smart contract, P2P network infrastructure, publication/storage of public documents, smart voting, money exchange, payment/settlement, banking security platform, actual asset storage, stock transaction and crowd funding. Blockchain is being applied in various fields home and abroad and its application cases can be explained in the banking industry, public sector, e-Commerce, medical industry, distribution and supply chain management, copyright protection. As examined in the blockchain application cases, it is expected to establish blockchain that can secure safety through distributed ledger in trade transaction because blockchain is established and applied in various sectors of industries home and abroad. Parties concerned of trade transaction can secure visibility even in interrupted specific section when they provide it as a base for distributed ledger application in trade and establish trade transaction model by applying blockchain. In case of interrupted specific section by using distributed ledger, blockchain model of trade transaction needs to be formed to make it possible for parties concerned involved in trade transaction to secure visibility and real-time tracking. Additionally, management should be possible from the time of contract until payment, freight transfer to buyers through land, air and maritime transportation. Conclusions - In order to boost blockchain-based logistics/distribution industry, the government, institutionally, needs to back up adding legal plan of shipping, logistics and distribution, reviewing standardization of electronic switching system and coming up with blockchain-based industrial road maps. In addition, the government, technologically, has to support R&D for integration with other high technology, standardization of distribution industry's blockchain technology and manpower training to expand technology development.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제18권
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• pp.55-98
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• 1990

This research attempts to verify the hypothesis that the workers in the small-and medium-sized industries use more informal information channels than formal ones do to get the information necessary to industrial activities. Information sources are divided by the internal and the external ones and these are sub-divided by their acquiring channels, publishers and holding institutions. It is intended to investigate the information sources according to the use frequency, age, origin and format of documents used. The degree of benefit to the workers in their practical work through the use of information sources and the use frequency of information sources by the department and years of experience are also investigated. The data to test the hypothesis was collected through the questionnaires distributed to the workers in 300 sampled firms from June 5 to June 20, The following facts have been verified as the result : 1. Workers in industries acquire information mainly through the contacts with the colleagues or superiors in their departments, and the junior workers depend more on the colleague and superiors than senior workers are. 2. Among the documents published internally, the ones from the research and development departments are mostly used. The documents issued by the worker's own departments are also frequently used and the senior workers, the more frequently use the internal publications than the junior workers do. 3. Among the internal documents stored in various places in the industries, the documents kept in the worker's own departments are used most frequently. The senior workers the more use privately owned documents than the junior workers do. 4. As far as the external channels are concerned, information is obtained mainly through suppliers of equipment and raw materials and the use frequency of information channels varies according to department. The senior workers the more receive information through supporting institution, seminar and exhibition than the junior workers do. 5. Among the external publication, the ones published by the industrial supporting institutions are heavily used and the workers in research and developments frequently use the external publications. 6. The documents held in governmental industrial institutions and industrial supporting institutions are heavily used compared with the ones stored in other external institutions. The holding places of frequently used documents vary according to the working departments. 7. The degree of benefit to practical work performance resulted from the internal information use is less than by the use of external information. 8. The documents published more than five years ago are more used than the ones of less than five years, Korean and Japanese documents are used frequently and catalogues, patents and standards are used to a great extent. The documents are used differently in accordance with work departments.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.65-82
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• 2016

서울대학교 수우표본관에서 완성한 KPF(Korean Peninsula Flora Database) 데이터베이스에서는 1850년부터 1945년까지 한반도에서 채집된 65,000개의 관속식물의 기록물을 관리하고 있다. 이 중 북한에서 채집된 기록은 33,000개인데 이 중 13%에 해당되는 4,287개가 1909년부터 1942년에 걸쳐 5명의 일본인(노무라, 오쿠야마, 후루미, 이마이, 사이토)과 1명의 미국인(밀즈)에 의해 채집되었다. 코마로프(Komarov, V.L), 나카이(Nakai, T) 이후 3번째로 많은 북한에서 채집된 표본이다. 이런 채집과 관련된 보고서는 지명사전으로 기존에 일부 발표하였지만, 본 논문에서는 보다 더 자세한 일정과 채집물에 대해 기록하였다. 사이토가 가장 많은 1,730개 표본을 채집하였고 밀즈, 노무라, 오쿠야마, 후루미, 이마이 순서로 1,067, 532, 510, 368, 370개의 표본을 채집하였다.