• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.93-106
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• 2015

Providing trading partners with personal information to establish an e-commerce financial transaction is inevitable. Most e-commerce companies keep personal information and transaction data for user's convenience and develop additional services as their applications. However, keeping personal information increases the likelihood of identity theft causing direct or indirect damage while it may simplify repetitive financial transactions. This study introduces risk management methods based on quantitative and qualitative analysis including demand-supply curve model and Gordon & Loeb model to analyze the risks for security management. The empirical analysis with survey results from KISA (Korea Information Security Agency) shows that the root cause of different statistics of personal information leakage incidents according to core business of internet companies is the difference in their Loss Expectancy caused by them. Also we suggest disciplinary compensation and higher standard for personal information protection as a solution to prevent the variation of investment on it between individual companies.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.15-20
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• 2018

No-insulation (NI) pancake magnets are fabricated using Rare earth-Barium-Copper Oxide (REBCO) coated conductor (CC) tapes, which enabled a very compact magnet in the aspects of high critical current density ($J_c$) and high mechanical strength by removing insulation and allowing thinner stabilizer. They have also advantages such as self-quench protection. Therefore, it does not need quench detection and protection that can be very challenging in a high critical temperature ($T_c$) superconducting magnet technology. Recently, it was reported that the NI REBCO CC magnets have some drawbacks of long charging time and high field ramp loss which will be a concern in the operation of cryocooled magnets. These issues are related to the turn-to-turn contact resistivity and can be released by managing it. This is also closely related to the activity of reducing the contact joint resistance in the case of CC joints for long length CC fabrication. Therefore, in this study, the turn-to-turn contact resistance ($R_c$) at the CC contact part of differently stabilized CC tapes was measured. The behaviors of $R_c$ at CC contact parts according to the applied contact pressure were investigated. The range of $R_c$ measured for CC tapes adopted will provide fundamental data for design and fabrication of the CC NI coils.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.64 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 2015

Generators are the most complex and expensive single element in a power system. The generator protection relays should to minimize damage during fault states and must be designed for maximum reliability. A conventional CDR(Current Differential Relaying) technique based on DFT(Discrete Fourier Transform) filter have the disadvantages that the time information can lead to loss in the process of converting the signal from the time domain to the frequency domain. A WT(Wavelet transform) and WT analysis is known that it is possible with the local analysis of the fault and transient signal. In this paper, to overcome the defects in the DFT process, an application of WT for fault detection of generator is presented. This paper describes an selection of mother Wavelet to detect faults of generator. Using collected data from the fault simulation with ATPdraw, we analyzed the several mother Wavelet through the course of MLD(multi-level decomposition) using MATLAB software. Finally, it can be seen that the proposed technique using detail coefficient of Daubechies level 2 which can be fault discriminant of generator.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.655-665
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• 2015

This study classified respondents by food-lifestyle and investigated differences in diet-related attitudes and demographic variables among food-lifestyle groups. Diet-related attitudes consisted of variables such as interest in diet, trial number of diet, diet period, weight loss, diet motivation, verification of products approved by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, verification of manufacturer's reliability, examination of damage cases and side effects, and awareness of consumer protection law. This study administered a questionnaire survey to adults between the ages of 20 and 39 who lived in Daegu and Uijeongbu from November 17th to December 14th 2014. Data collected from 293 respondents were analyzed using descriptive statistics, factor analyses, cluster analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and chi-square tests. Four clusters (passive eating habit group, active eating habit group, convenience oriented group, and taste and health oriented group) were developed according to four factors of food-lifestyle (health-conscious, popularity-seeking, taste-seeking, convenience-seeking). The results of the ANOVA and chi-square tests indicated significant differences in interest in diet, awareness of consumer protection law, verification of products approved by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, verification of manufacturer's reliability, examination of damage cases and side effects, gender, education levels and household monthly income levels among food-lifestyle groups.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.377-388
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• 2022

Various researches are actively studied to satisfy exponentially increasing the usage of the Internet as well as the diverse service demands. Especially the Optical Internet that delivers several Tbps through a single optical fiber requires the intelligence to satisfy the various types of survivability requirements. In the paper, a novel recovery scheme that satisfies the various restoration demands in IP over WDM networks is proposed. The scheme classifies the restoration services into three classes and applies dedicated protection and shared restoration scheme with different priorities for each class. Also, a configuration scheme for information database to support the scheme is proposed. This scheme satisfies the different degree of restoration demands in terms of restoration time, blocking rate and resource usage. With the scheme, medical data can be transmitted without loss.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.152-177
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• 2021

Purpose - This study analyses the excepted requirement and burden of proof of the carrier due to unseaworthiness through comparison between the marine transport contract and marine insurance contract. Design/methodology - This study uses the legal analytical normative approach. The juridical approach involves reviewing and examining theories, concepts, legal doctrines and legislation that are related to the problems. In this study a literature analysis using academic literature and internet data is conducted. Findings - The burden of proof in case of seaworthiness should be based on presumed fault, not proved fault. The burden of proving unseaworthiness/seaworthiness should shift to the carrier, and should be exercised before seeking the protections of the law or carriage contract. In other words, the insurer cannot escape coverage for unfitness of a vessel which arises while the vessel is at sea, which the assured could not have prevented in the exercise of due diligence. The insurer bears the burden of proving unseaworthiness. The warranty of seaworthiness is implied in hull, but not protection and indemnity policies. The 2015 Act repeals ss. 33(3) and 34 of MIA 1906. Otherwise the provisions of the MIA 1906 remain in force, including the definition of a promissory warranty and the recognition of implied warranties. There is less clarity about the position when the source of the loss occurs before the breach of warranty but the actual loss is suffered after the breach. Nonetheless, by s.10(2) of the 2015 Act the insurer appears not to be liable for any loss occurring after the breach of warranty and before there has been a remedy. Originality/value - When unseaworthiness is identified after the sailing of the vessel, mere acceptance of the ship does not mean the party waives any claims for damages or the right to terminate the contract, provided that failure to comply with the contractual obligations is of critical importance. The burden of proof with regards to loss of damage to a cargo caused by unseaworthiness is regulated by the applicable law. For instance, under the common law, if the cargo claimant alleges that the loss or damage has been caused by unseaworthiness, then he has the burden of proof to establish the followings: (i) that the vessel was unseaworthy at the beginning of the voyage; and that, (ii) that the loss or damage has been caused by such unseaworthiness. In other words, if the warranty of seaworthiness at the inception of the voyage is breached, the breach voids the policy if the ship owner had prior knowledge of the unseaworthy condition. By contrast, knowingly permitting the vessel to break ground in an unseaworthy condition denies liability only for loss or damage proximately caused by the unseaworthiness. Such a breach does not, therefore, void the entire policy, but only serves to exonerate the insurer for loss or damage proximately caused by the unseaworthy condition.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.87-92
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• 2002

Soil erosion is detrimental to sustain soil productivity in north Korea, since agriculture of this country depends largely upon the slope land in mountainous area. Taking any measure for protection from erosion should be based on prediction of soil loss. Estimation of rainfall factor, R, in north Korea for the Universal Soil Loss Equation was attempted. The monthly precipitation data of the twenty six locations provided by the Korean Meteorological Adminstration were used. From the relationship between II_30 and the July-August precipitation concentration percents, the regional adjustment factor was obtained. The rainfall factor was calculated with the monthly precipitation data and the regional adjustment factor. The annual precipitation in north Korea ranged from 606 to 1,520mm, and the July-August precipitation concentration percents were 34.4 to 53.8. The regional adjustment factor ranged from 0.53 to 1.33 showing lower value in the highland and east coastal region than in the mid mountainous inland and west region. The R-factor value estimated from the monthly precipitation and the regional adjustment factor ranged from 107 to 483, which was lower than average value in south Korea.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.16-25
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• 2020

Background: To investigate radiological effects on biota, it is necessary to assess radiation dose for flora and fauna living in a terrestrial ecosystem. This paper presents a dynamic model to assess radioactivity concentration and radiation dose of terrestrial flora and fauna after a nuclear accident. Materials and Methods: Litter, organic soil, mineral soil, trees, wild crops, herbivores, omnivores, and carnivores are considered the major components of a terrestrial ecosystem. The model considers the physicochemical and biological processes of interception, weathering, decomposition of litter, percolation, root uptake, leaching, radioactive decay, and biological loss of animals. The predictive capability of the model was investigated by comparison of its predictions with field data for biota measured in the Fukushima forest area after the Fukushima nuclear accident. Results and Discussion: The predicted radioactive cesium inventories for trees agreed well with those for evergreens and deciduous trees sampled in the Fukushima area. The predicted temporal radioactivity concentrations for animals were within the range of the measured radioactivity concentrations of deer, wild boars, and black bears. The radiation dose for the animals were, for the whole simulation time, estimated to be much smaller than the lower limit (0.1 mGy·d^-1) of the derived consideration reference level given by the International Commission on Radiological Protection for terrestrial flora and fauna. This suggested that the radiation effect of the accident on the biota in the Fukushima forest would be insignificant. Conclusion: The present dynamic model can be used effectively to investigate the radiological risk to terrestrial ecosystems following a nuclear accident.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.1224-1228
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• 2003

The use of digital imaging technique and digital contents based on internet has grown rapidly for last several years, and the needs of digital image protection become more important. For the purpose of copyright protection on digital image, the verification of authentication techniques like content authentication, ownership authentication, illegal copy and etc are needs. Digital watermarking, the invisible encryption technique to insert digital watermarking into image, the sophisticated perceptual information should be used for providing transparency and robustness of images on watermarking process. In this paper, we implement the algorithm for preventing forged attack. ownership protection and authentication by transforming the wavelet algorithms in frequency domain in terms of human visual system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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• no.53
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• pp.25-50
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• 2016

For child abuse prevention in Korea, this study estimated the socioeconomic costs of child abuse. Based on previous studies, the present study organized component categories for estimable direct and indirect costs of child abuse, and estimated the cost of each category in 2014 through the collection of existing data and through Delphi survey techniques among experts. The total socioeconomic costs of child abuse were compared to Korea's GDP. The results of this study were as follows. First, the socioeconomic costs of child abuse in Korea in 2014 ranged from 389.9 billion KW(0.03 percent compared to GDP) to 76 trillion KW(5.1 percent compared to GDP). Second, the indirect socioeconomic costs of child abuse are much higher than the direct costs. Third, costs related to productivity loss and unemployment accounted for the largest proportion of the total costs. In addition, the proportion of the child protection budget in Korea was very low compared to developed countries. These findings suggest that there is a need to increase Korea's child protection budget and to take urgent action to detect unrevealed child abuse cases. Furthermore, in order to reduce indirect costs, it is important to provide abused children with early professional treatment.