• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
• /
• v.5 no.5
• /
• pp.310-318
• /
• 2016

Emerging technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and the Advanced Driver Assistant System (ADAS) often have image transmission functions with tough constraints, like low power and/or low delay, which require that they adopt line-based, low memory compression methods instead of existing frame-based image compression standards. Bit rate control in the conventional frame-based compression systems requires a lot of hardware resources when the scope of handled data falls at the frame level. On the other hand, attempts to reduce the heavy hardware resource requirement by focusing on line-level processing yield uneven image quality through the frame. In this paper, we propose a bit rate control that maintains consistency in image quality through the frame and improves the legibility of text regions. To find the line characteristics, the proposed bit rate control tests each line for ease of compression and the existence of text. Experiments on the proposed bit rate control show peak signal-to-noise ratios (PSNRs) similar to those of conventional bit rate controls, but with the use of significantly fewer hardware resources.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.523-541
• /
• 2011

In current IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN, every unicast transmission requires an ACK from the receiver for reliability, though it consumes energy and bandwidth. There have been studies to remove or reduce ACK overhead, especially for energy efficiency. However none of them are practically used now. This paper introduces a noble method of selective unacknowledged transmission, where skipping an ACK is dynamically decided frame by frame. Utilizing the fact that a multicast frame is transmitted without accompanying an ACK in 802.11, the basic unacknowledged transmission is achieved simply by transforming the destination address of a frame to a multicast address. Since removing ACK is inherently more efficient but less strict, its practical profit is dependent on traffic characteristics of a frame as well as network error conditions. To figure out the selective conditions, energy and performance implications of unacknowledged transmission have been explored. Extensive experiments show that energy consumption is almost always reduced, but performance may be dropped especially when TCP exchanges long data with a long distance node through a poor wireless link. An experiment with a well-known traffic model shows that selective unacknowledged transmission gives energy saving with comparable performance.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.20 no.7
• /
• pp.9-16
• /
• 2015

This paper proposes the parallel design of a shot change detection algorithm using frame segmentation and moving blocks. In the proposed approach, the high parallel processing components, such as frame histogram calculation, block histogram calculation, Otsu threshold setting function, frame moving operation, and block histogram comparison, are designed in parallel for NVIDIA GPU. In order to minimize memory access delay time and guarantee fast computation, the output of a GPU kernel becomes the input data of another kernel in a pipeline way using the shared memory of GPU. In addition, the optimal sizes of CUDA processing blocks and threads are estimated through the prior experiments. In the experimental test of the proposed shot change detection algorithm, the detection rate of the GPU based parallel algorithm is the same as that of the CPU based algorithm, but the average of processing time speeds up about 6~8 times.

• Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 1999.04a
• /
• pp.18-18
• /
• 1999

We characterized a cDNA clone for a low molecular weight heat-shock protein (LMW HSP) from tobacco named TLHS-l. Nucleotide sequence determination of TLHS-1 identified an open reading frame for 159 amino acids. To the upstream of the open reading frame, a sequence of 124 nucleotides was determined. To the 3' downstream of the open reading frame, 212 nucleotides were identified which carried poly(A)-tail. Comparison of the open reading frame and hydropathy plot of TLHS-1 with the previously reported class I LMW HSPs showed high identity which classified TLHS-1 as a class I LMW HSP cDNA clone. We proposed that there are six consensus regions in class I LMW HSPs. RNA blot hybridization for TLHS-1 showed a typical expression pattern of heat-shock-inducible gene from three common tobacco cultivars. The open reading frame of TLHS-1 was overexpressed in Escherichia coli. TLHS-1 protein confers thermal protection of other proteins in vitro and in vivo. Thermal induced aggregation of citrate synthase was reduced by purified TLHS-1 protein, and thermal death rate at $50^{\circ}C$ was reduced in E. coli expressing TLHS-l. From these data, we can expect that TLHS-1 acts as a molecular chaperone.perone.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.74 no.1
• /
• pp.33-54
• /
• 2020

The aim of this study is to calculate natural frequencies and harmonic responses of cracked frames with general boundary conditions by using transfer matrix method (TMM). The TMM is a straightforward technique to obtain harmonic responses and natural frequencies of frame structures as the method is based on constructing a relationship between state vectors of two ends of structure by a chain multiplication procedure. A single variable shear deformation theory (SVSDT) is applied, as well as, Timoshenko beam theory (TBT) and Euler-Bernoulli beam theory (EBT) for comparison purposes. Firstly, free vibration analysis of intact and cracked frames are performed for different crack ratios using TMM. The crack is modelled by means of a linear rotational spring that divides frame members into segments. The results are verified by experimental data and finite element method (FEM) solutions. The harmonic response curves that represent resonant and anti-resonant frequencies directly are plotted for various crack lengths. It is seen that the TMM can be used effectively for harmonic response analysis of cracked frames as well as natural frequencies calculation. The results imply that the SVSDT is an efficient alternative for investigation of cracked frame vibrations especially with thick frame members. Moreover, EBT results can easily be obtained by ignoring shear deformation related terms from governing equation of motion of SVSDT.

• Journal of IKEEE
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.622-627
• /
• 2022

This paper proposes an intrusion detection system for in-vehicle network to improve detection performance considering attack counts and attack types. In intrusion detection system, both FNR (False Negative Rate), where intrusion frame is misjudged as normal frame, and FPR (False Positive Rate), where normal frame is misjudged as intrusion frame, seriously affect vechicle safety. This paper proposes a novel intrusion detection algorithm to improve both FNR and FPR, where data frame previously detected as intrusion above certain attack counts is automatically detected as intrusion and the automatic intrusion detection method is adaptively applied according to attack types. From the simulation results, the propsoed method effectively improve both FNR and FPR in DoS(Denial of Service) attack and spoofing attack.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.11 no.12
• /
• pp.28-39
• /
• 2011

While the broadband multimedia technologies have been developing, the commercial market of digital contents has also been widely spreading. Most of all, digital cartoon market like internet cartoon has been rapidly large so video cartooning continuously has been researched because of lack and variety of cartoon. Until now, video cartooning system has been focused in non-photorealistic rendering and word balloon. But the meaningful frame extraction must take priority for cartooning system when applying in service. In this paper, we propose new automatic frame extraction method for video cartooning system. At frist, we separate video and audio from movie and extract features parameter like MFCC and ZCR from audio data. Audio signal is classified to speech, music and speech+music comparing with already trained audio data using GMM distributor. So we can set speech area. In the video case, we extract frame using general scene change detection method like histogram method and extract meaningful frames in the cartoon using face detection among the already extracted frames. After that, first of all existent face within speech area image transition frame extract automatically. Suitable frame about movie cartooning automatically extract that extraction image transition frame at continuable period of time domain.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.8 no.12
• /
• pp.20-27
• /
• 2008

Hospitals today use independent systems for each department and job such as Hospital Information Sytem(HIS), Picture Archiving Communications System(PACS), Ordering Communication System(OCS), Electronic Medical Record(EMR), Enterprise Resource Planning(ERP), etc and each system employs its own DB. So, it is impossible to integrate information within the institution and difficult to keep transparency and consistency of data. I in this study offered a data integration environment through flexible management linked with other systems, and by doing that, designed a medical CRM frame which offers the optimum service the customer wants at the optimum time. I designed 4 of medical CRM frame: customer relationship management, public relations/marketing, service management, and statistics/analysis by the customer relationship management process standardization and aimed to offer tailored mobile contents according to customer's characters and health situation on the basis of customer's data by securing mobile medical contents for personalized medical information service.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.114-121
• /
• 2008

In order to process video data effectively, it is required that the content information of video data is loaded in database and semantic- based retrieval method can be available for various query of users. In this paper, we propose semantic-based video retrieval system for Environment Education Contents which support semantic retrieval of various users by feature-based retrieval and annotation-based retrieval of massive video data. By user's fundamental query and selection of image for key frame that extracted form query, the agent gives the detail shape for annotation of extracted key frame. Also, key frame selected by user become query image and searches the most similar key frame through feature based retrieval method that propose. From experiment, the designed and implemented system showed high precision ratio in performance assessment more than 90 percents.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.167-176
• /
• 2006

We investigate the correlation between the peak energy and the burst duration using available long GRB data with known redshift, whose circumburst medium type has been suggested via afterglow light curve modeling. We find that the peak energy and the burst duration of the observed GRBs are correlated both in the observer frame and in the GRB rest frame. For our total sample we obtain, for instance, the Spearman rank-order correlation values ${\sim}0.75\;and\;{\sim}0.65$ with the chance probabilities $P=1.0{\times}10^{-3}\;and\;P=6.0{\times}10^{-3}$ in the observer frame and in the GRB rest frame, respectively. We note that taking the effects of the expanding universe into account reduces the value a bit. We further attempt to separate our GRB sample into the 'ISM' GRBs and the 'WIND' GRBs according to environment models inferred from the afterglow light curves and apply statistical tests, as one may expect that clues on the progenitor of GRBs can be deduced directly from prompt emission properties other than from the ambient environment surrounding GRBs. We find that two subsamples of GRBs show different correlation coefficients. That is, the Spearman rank-order correlation are ${\sim}0.65\;and\;{\sim}0.57$ for the 'ISM' GRBs and 'WIND' GRBs, respectively, after taking the effects of the expanding universe into account. It is not yet, however, statistically very much significant that the GRBS in two types of circumburst media show statistically characteristic behaviors, from which one may conclude that all the long bursts are not originated from a single progenitor population. A larger size of data is required to increase the statistical significance.