• 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.08a
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• pp.177-180
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• 2008

There are many application areas of sensor networks, such as surveillance, hospital monitoring, and home network. These are dependent on the secure operation of networks, and will have serious outcome if the networks is injured. An adversary can inject false data into the network through the compromising node. Ye et al. proposed a statistical en-route filtering scheme (SEF) to detect such false data during forwarding process. In this scheme, it is important that the choice of the threshold value since it trades off security and overhead. This paper presents an adaptive threshold value determining method in the SEF using fuzzy logic. The fuzzy logic determines a security distance value by considering the situation of the network. The Sensor network is divided into several areas by the security distance value, it can each area to uses the different threshold value. The fuzzy based threshold value can reduce the energy consumption in transmitting.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.1043-1048
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• 2006

This paper aimed to verify and develop lighting design data for offices in Korea. It focused on a Korean standard office value relative to lighting density and the evaluation of lighting energy and cooling load. When planning indoor lighting design, we generally utilize the lighting density value which is set $14W/m^2$ by the ASHRAE/IES standard office value. However, the value is not appropriate to apply in Korea where higher efficiency lamps are more popular than others. For calculation of a proper lighting density of Korea, we analysed distribution curves of luminous intensity(2-lamp fluorescent lighting fixture with Parabolic) and derived the new lighting density $12.64W/m^2$ as Korea standard office value. In the simulation using this value, it was shown that lighting energy and cooling load could be reduced.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.89-99
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• 2023

Purpose: This study explores the relationship between future time perspective and older consumers' masstige product consumption, specifically, their intention to purchase masstige brand products, with a focus on their motivational drives from an functional value and symbolic value perspective. Research design, data and methodology: Data were collected through an online questionnaire from 419 people aged 54 to 64 years in South Korea and the hypotheses were examined using structural equation modeling. Results: Our results indicated that middle-aged and older consumers who have expanded future time perspective have higher intention to purchase masstige brands and their functional value and symbolic value of masstige brands were found to mediate future time perspective and intention to purchase masstige brands. Conclusions: The findings offer insights into masstige brand consumption by older South Korean consumers that may be useful for both academics and marketers.

• Korean Journal of Artificial Intelligence
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2017

The range of problems that can be handled by the activation of big data and the development of hardware has been rapidly expanded and machine learning such as deep learning has become a very versatile technology. In this paper, mnist data set is used as experimental data, and the Cross Entropy function is used as a loss model for evaluating the efficiency of machine learning, and the value of the loss function in the steepest descent method is We applied the Gradient Descent Optimize algorithm to minimize and updated weight and bias via backpropagation. In this way we analyze optimal reliability value corresponding to the number of exercises and optimal reliability value without overfitting. And comparing the overfitting time according to the number of data changes based on the number of training times, when the training frequency was 1110 times, we obtained the result of 92%, which is the optimal reliability value without overfitting.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.82-89
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• 2017

The range of problems that can be handled by the activation of big data and the development of hardware has been rapidly expanded and machine learning such as deep learning has become a very versatile technology. In this paper, mnist data set is used as experimental data, and the Cross Entropy function is used as a loss model for evaluating the efficiency of machine learning, and the value of the loss function in the steepest descent method is We applied the GradientDescentOptimize algorithm to minimize and updated weight and bias via backpropagation. In this way we analyze optimal reliability value corresponding to the number of exercises and optimal reliability value without overfitting. And comparing the overfitting time according to the number of data changes based on the number of training times, when the training frequency was 1110 times, we obtained the result of 92%, which is the optimal reliability value without overfitting.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.271-278
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• 2015

This paper develops an OBD Diagnostic Program (Program) using Visual Studio (C#), which was used to diagnosis malfunction information from OBD-II system vehicles. We accomplished this using the Program, Diagnostic tests, Board (STN1110), FTDI Basic Cable, Mini USB Cable, OBD Data Cable, and both hybrid and regular vehicles. The Program tests real-time data output, DTC output, sensor value output, engine RPM, waveform data, OBD type check, PID inspection, and whole monitoring. We found vehicles used in this research had 19 PIDs, which was within OBD-II regulations. We also gathered data on control and diagnostic code regulated by OBD-II system, such as, sensor output value, engine RPM, DTC output, each PID analytic value, OBD type, fuel mode, and whole monitoring result value. Using the data collected through the Program appropriately can lead to more effective diagnostic practices and contribute to education.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.652-659
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• 2008

This study was designed to testify the possibility and devise the method to manipulate the 3D body scan data to produce rounded-belt pattern adaptable to hip-type variation of women in their 20's. The results of this research were as follows : Firstly, based on drop-value distribution of hip and waist girth, 151 subjects were classified into three hip-types; Type 1 (15.23%) was 'cylinder type', showing lowest drop-value, Type 2 (69.54%) was 'average type' and Type3 (15.23%) was 'hourglass type' showing highest drop-value. Secondly, using CAD program, design lines for round shape belt were set on the surface of 3D scan data of representative subject of each type. And divided 3D surfaces were flattened onto the plane by the internal tools of CAD program. The measure, 'lifting value of round belt pattern', implying the level of curve ratio of pattern was higher in back than front. This result might be linked to the fact that the hip part is more protruded than the abdomen part. And the measures also showed highest values in Type 3(hourglass type) and lowest in Type 1(cylinder type), meaning that the pattern of Type 3 showed more rounded shape than that of Type 1. This finding implied that round belt for body type having high drop-value should be shaped more curved. Thirdly, difference ratios of outline length and area between 3D curves(body surface) and 2D plane(pattern) were 4.5% and 1.3%, respectively. This result demonstrated and solidified the feasibility of designing digital garment pattern from 3D body scan data.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.153-160
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• 2014

The Streganography method for digital images has to insert secret data into the image without image distortion. Side match method is that size of secret data is calculated by difference of embedded pixel value and mean value of side pixels. And the secret value is embedded into the embedded pixel. Therefore, the more secret data increases, the more image distortion increases, too. In this paper, we propose the enhanced method that calculates embedded pixel value by difference of secret value and mean value of side pixels. In proposed method, more secret data is embedded and image distortion has to decreases.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.123-132
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• 2014

Purpose - Recently, Korean companies have been struggling to perform well in the larger smartphone market in China, which is regarded as a blue ocean area. First, it is very important to accurately understand the Chinese consumers, who have a different consumption culture and value system from the Korean culture and system. This would help to identify priorities for the Chinese market. Further, considering the smartphone industry, where technological change is rapid, Korean companies will need to take prompt measures about market trends in order to establish strong competitiveness. Consequently, this study focused on analyzing the relationship between the variables of consumption value, satisfaction, and loyalty in the Chinese smartphone market. The principal dimensions of consumption value, which smartphones have, was analyzed, and the influence on satisfaction was identified. Moreover, the relationship among the variables of satisfaction, attitudinal loyalty, and behavioral loyalty was empirically analyzed. Research design, data, and methodology - This study examined the relationships between various consumption values (functional value, emotional value, social value, epistemic value, and economic value), along with satisfaction and loyalty. The data were collected through a questionnaire survey that was circulated to 310 customers who were users of smartphones in Chingdao and Yeontae regions in China. The survey was conducted from June 23 to August 4, 2013. A total of 301 responses to the questionnaires were collected and used for the data analysis. Moreover, a path analysis based on Lisrel 8.54 was used for the hypothesis test. Results - The variables of functional value, emotional value, social value, and epistemic value were revealed to have positive effects on satisfaction related to smartphone usage. However, the variables of monetary cost and psychological cost were not found to have negative effects on satisfaction related to smartphone usage. Moreover, satisfaction positively influenced attitudinal loyalty related to smartphone usage, but did not have a significant influence on behavioral loyalty related to smartphone usage. Specifically, satisfaction is essential, but not a sufficient condition for building behavioral loyalty in relation to smartphone usage. In addition, attitudinal loyalty positively influenced behavioral loyalty in relation to smartphone usage. Conclusions - First, this study shows that functional value, emotional value, social value, and epistemic value in relation to smartphone usage are important for marketing in the Chinese smartphone market. Particularly, functional value and emotional value play pre-eminent roles as regards customer loyalty in the use of smartphones. Second, the results of this study reveal that the variables of monetary cost and psychological cost are not important to the Chinese consumers. Specifically, the smartphone price and cognitive effort are not perceived as value barriers. Third, satisfaction did not guarantee behavioral loyalty in relation to smartphone usage, and the strategic approach for improving the repurchase and referral action in relation to smartphones based on solid attitudinal loyalty would be desirable and should be the focus of the marketing activities of Korean smartphone companies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.266-275
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• 2010

Purpose: The aims of this study is to examine the relationships among spiritual well-being, aggression and happiness of the students in two Christian Universities. Methods: The data were collected from 486 students who were attending Christian Universities in Jeonbuk province. General characteristics, mean value, and correlations were performed using SPSS 18.0 Program to analyze the data. Results: The mean value of the spiritual well-being was 72.03 (SD=9.80), the mean value of aggression was 67.56 (SD=13.90), and the mean value of happiness was 19.54 (SD=4.23). Relationships between spiritual well-being and aggression showed negative correlation ((r=-.251, p<.01), between spiritual well-being and happiness showed positive correlation (r=.455, p<.01), and between happiness and aggression showed negative correlation (r=-.305, p<.01). Conclusion: The findings of this study provide basic data for the development of education programs for personality training and curriculum.