• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.43-57
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• 1996

The purpose of this research conducted has been an the development of a computer program to be used for nursing of spinal cord injury patients. The research is also intended to contribute by supplying the basic data, to the development of other programs in relevant areas where similar nursing information system is required. This research used System Development Life Cycle method. Results from the study were as follows : The scope of Information System in nursing practice were based on a wide range of mateials as charts at four hospitals in Pusan that cover the nursing period of spinal cord injury patients from admission to discharge and other sources of reference, the research is done for nursing diagnosis, nursing history, admission and discharge education, and the performing of doctor's order, which were divided into a subsystem that consisted of help, Patient Management, Performing of Docter's Order, and Basic Data Management and then these was analysed systematically using Hierachy Plus Input Process Output, necessary information, data flow diagram, and conceptual designs were developed for chosem system. Furthemore, the system has been programed by a conceptual design that includes the objects of the program and the origins of the sources. The oder to make sure of the proper function, the computer program was actually applied to a nursing practice that had been developed for a hypothetical situation through the two nurses who were in charge of spinal cord injury patients after they were trained to understand the structure and the contents of computer program about the nursing practice from using the computer program developed. Also, the compensatory strategy has been worked out against any problems to arise. It is expected that this kind of nursing practice information system to be used for the spinal cord injury patients that has been developed through the processes shown above will increase the satisfaction for both patients and nurses by enabling them to give more professional advice and service to the development of more information systems for many hospitals.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.19-33
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• 1997

This study reports the results about the petrography and geochemical characteristics of 10 representative volacanic rocks. The Cretaceous volcanic rocks distributed in the vicinity of the Kageo island composed of andesitic rocks, dacitic welded tuff, and rhyolitic rocks in ascending order. Sedimentary rock is the basement in the study area covered with volcanic rocks. Andesitic rocks composed of pyroclastic volcanic breccia, lithic lapilli tuff and cryptocrystallin lava-flow. Most dacitic rocks are lapilli ash-flow welded tuff. Rhyolitic rocks consists of rhyolite tuff and rhyolite lava flow. Rhyolite tuff are lithic crystal ash-flow tuff and crystal vitric ash-flow tuff with somewhat accidental fragments of andesitic rocks, but dacitic rocks. The variation of major and trace element of the volcanic rocks show that contents of $Al_2O_3$, FeO, CaO, MgO, $TiO_2$ decrease with increasing of $SiO_2$. On the basis of Variation diagrams such as $Al_2O_3$ vs. CaO, Th/Yb vs. Ta/Yb, and $Ce_N/YB_N$ vs. $Ce_N$, these rocks represent mainly differentiation trend of calc-alkaline rock series. On the discriminant diagrams such as Ba/La and La/Th ratio, Rb vs. Y + Nb, the volcanic rocks in study area belongs to high-K Orogenic suites, with abundances of trace element and ternary diagram of K, Na, Ca. According to the tectonic discriminant diagram by Wood, these rocks falls into the diestructructive continental margin. K-Ar ages of whole rocks are from andesite to rhyolite $97.0{\pm}6.8~94.5{\pm}6.6,\68.9{\pm}4.8,\61.5{\pm}4.9~60.7{\pm}4.2$ Ma, repectively. Volcanic rocks in study area show well correlation to the Yucheon Group in terms of rock age dating and geochemcial data, and derived from andesitic calc-alkaline magma that undergone low pressure fractional crystallization dominated plagioclase at <30km.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.130.1-130.1
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• 2010

미국과 유럽에서는 이미 10여 년 전부터 250MW급 이상의 대용량 석탄IGCC 플랜트를 상업운전 하고 있으며, 일본과 중국을 비롯한 아시아에서도 대용량 플랜트를 시운전하고 있거나 건설 중에 있다. 한국에서는 제4차 전력수급계획에 의거 태안화력 부지 내에 300MW급 IGCC 플랜트 건설을 추진 중이며, 두산중공업은 '10년 상반기에 IGCC 가스화 플랜트에 대한 FEED 설계 (Front-Eng Engineering Design)를 완료하였다. 그 과정 중 설계조건에 의한 기본 엔지니어링 사항과 석탄 가스화 플랜트에 대한 성능예측 결과를 본 연구에서 소개한다. 가스화 플랜트의 엔지니어링은 가스화 블록과 가스정제 블록으로 구분하여 수행하였다. Process Data를 이용하여 PFD Development, P&ID Generation, Equipment Specification 개발, HAZOP 수행, Architecture Engineering 등의 순으로 FEED 설계를 진행하였다. BOD (Basis of Design)를 기준으로 운전조건별 Heat & Mass Balance와 Process Flow를 재검토하고 각 기기별 운전개념을 반영하여 P&ID를 개발하였다. 그리고 배관, 전기 및 제어에 대한 각종 Diagram 개발과 HSE (Health, Safety and Environment) 관련 설계를 수행하였다. IGCC 1호기의 엔지니어링 수행과 함께 Next 호기 자체설계 역량 확보를 위해 두산중공업은 'DIGITs'로 명명된 개념기본설계 Tool을 개발하고 있다. DIGITs는 공정모델링, 단위기기 개념설계, 공정구성 (Process Configuration) 및 종합 Database Package 형태로 구성된다. DIGITs에 의한 계산 결과 공정사 Process Data 기준시 가스화 블록 출구에서 Syngas HHV와 Syngas 현열은 각각 약 $636MW_{th}$와 약 $18MW_{th}$로, Plant 설계조건 $630MW_{th}$를 만족하는 것으로 예측되었다. 향후 DIGITs는 가스정제 블록 및 주변 BOP 설비 등과 연계한 종합 개념기본설계 Tool로써 개발 진행 중이다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2009

This paper focuses on techniques of improving refinery reliability, availability, and profitability. Our team developed a corrosion control document(CCD) for processing of the crude distillation unit(CDU). Recent study shows the loss due to corrosion in US is around $276 billion. It's a big concern for both managers and engineers of refinery industry. The CCD consists of numerous parts namely damage mechanism(DM), design data, critical reliability variable(CRV), guidelines, etc. The first step in the development of CCD is to build material selection diagram(MSD). Damage mechanisms affecting equipments and process need to be chosen carefully based on API 571. The selected nine DM from API 571 are (1) creep/stress rupture, (2) fuel ash corrosion, (3) oxidation, (4) high temperature sulfidation, (5) naphthenic acid corrosion, (6) hydrochloric acid(HCL) corrosion, (7) ammonium chloride(salt) corrosion, (8) wet $H_2S$ corrosion, and (9) ammonia stress corrosion cracking. Each DM related to corrosion of CDU process was selected by design data, P&ID, PFD, corrosion loop, flow of process, equipment's history, and experience. Operating variables affecting severity of DM are selected in initial stage of CRV. We propose the guidelines for reliability of equipments based on CRV. The CCD has been developed on the basis of the corrosion control in refinery industry. It also improves the safety of refinery process and reduces the cost of corrosion greatly.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.72-80
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• 2021

Based on the previous year's statistics, 37% of buildings in South Korea are aged over 30 years. As the number of the aging buildings increases, so does the need for maintenance. Building maintenance involves a significant number of works; the work of 'maintenance manager' accounting for the largest part. Currently, the maintenance history record is mostly in drawing or handwritten form which makes reviewing the data highly time consuming. Therefore, to improve the convenience of maintenance works and optimize historical data management, the existing maintenance process was analyzed. Problems were derived and a smart device-based automation model was established. In order to establish a smart device-based automation model, ① general flow of facility management process was analyzed and related articles were reviewed, ② current maintenance process was optimized, ③ functional block diagram of BIM Data, COBie Data, IoT, and AR-based automated maintenance management model was created, ④ a smart device-based automated maintenance management model was constructed, ⑤ finally, the above system was verified by testing the aforementioned model in the field site, evaluating the time required for the maintenance process and reviewing maintenance history data against the current one.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.233-250
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• 2015

In this study, changes and emotions that result from doing yoga and the influence of yoga on daily lives were investigated by using causal network. This information was gathered from interviews and outlined in a diagram form. By checking the daily participation records of 77 participants who took a yoga class as part of the cultural studies curriculum at H University, general factors related to change were extracted and then 7 participants were chosen for in-depth interviews. In the interviews, the changes experienced from doing yoga and the emotions caused by the change and the influence this change had on daily lives were documented and the collected results were displayed in a diagram using causal network according to the flow of questionnaire. As a result, the changes experienced through doing yoga were divided in 4 categories: physical function, emotional, cognitive and physiological changes. Each change and emotion caused by the change were shown to have an influence on daily lives. Through schematized causal network for each change, the changes and emotions which the participants experienced and the influence of yoga on daily lives could be checked. Based on the study results, the effect of yoga, the need for various approaches to examine the effect exercise has on emotions and the applicability of causal network that can be employed as a creative and effective quantitative data analysis method were discussed.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.111-117
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• 2021

With the rapid development of advanced science and technology including the 4th industrial revolution, the future battlefield environment is evolving at a rapid pace. In order to actively respond to issues such as reduction of military resources and shortening of service period, and to emphasize the realization of human-centered values, the Ministry of National Defense is re-establishing the role of the Army in accordance with the defense reform and is promoting the Warrior Platform, a next-generation individual combat system. In this paper, we intend to present the optimal warrior platform architecture suitable for the Korean Army by realizing the concept of future ground operations and analyzing overseas cases. We analyze the essential abilities required of individual combatants and the abilities required for each unit type, and specifically presents a plan for integration and linkage of warrior platform equipment. We also propose an efficient business promotion direction by presenting the data flow and power connection diagram between the devices that need integration and interworking.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.175-182
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• 2013

In this paper, the simulation model of house price is presented on the basis of pricing mechanism between the demand and the supply of apartments in seoul. The algorithm of house price simulation model for calculating the rate of price over time includes feedback control theory. The feedback control theory consists of stock variable, flow variable, auxiliary variable and constant variable. We suggest that the future price of apartment is simulated using mutual interaction variables which are demand, supply, price and parameters among them. In this paper we considers three items which include the behavior of apartment price index, the size of demand and supply, and the forecasting of the apartment price in the future economic scenarios. The proposed price simulation model could be used in public needs for developing a house price regulation policy using financial and non-financial aids. And the quantitative simulation model is to be applied in practice with more specific real data and Powersim Software modeling tool.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computational and Applied Mathematics Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.1-1
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• 2003

In this talk, a reduced-order modeling methodology based on centroidal Voronoi tessellations (CVT's)is introduced. CVT's are special Voronoi tessellations for which the generators of the Voronoi diagram are also the centers of mass (means) of the corresponding Voronoi cells. The discrete data sets, CVT's are closely related to the h-means clustering techniques. Even with the use of good mesh generators, discretization schemes, and solution algorithms, the computational simulation of complex, turbulent, or chaotic systems still remains a formidable endeavor. For example, typical finite element codes may require many thousands of degrees of freedom for the accurate simulation of fluid flows. The situation is even worse for optimization problems for which multiple solutions of the complex state system are usually required or in feedback control problems for which real-time solutions of the complex state system are needed. There hava been many studies devoted to the development, testing, and use of reduced-order models for complex systems such as unsteady fluid flows. The types of reduced-ordered models that we study are those attempt to determine accurate approximate solutions of a complex system using very few degrees of freedom. To do so, such models have to use basis functions that are in some way intimately connected to the problem being approximated. Once a very low-dimensional reduced basis has been determined, one can employ it to solve the complex system by applying, e.g., a Galerkin method. In general, reduced bases are globally supported so that the discrete systems are dense; however, if the reduced basis is of very low dimension, one does not care about the lack of sparsity in the discrete system. A discussion of reduced-ordering modeling for complex systems such as fluid flows is given to provide a context for the application of reduced-order bases. Then, detailed descriptions of CVT-based reduced-order bases and how they can be constructed of complex systems are given. Subsequently, some concrete incompressible flow examples are used to illustrate the construction and use of CVT-based reduced-order bases. The CVT-based reduced-order modeling methodology is shown to be effective for these examples and is also shown to be inexpensive to apply compared to other reduced-order methods.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.6 no.1_2
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• pp.136-149
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• 1999

Background : Although a number of studies are related to QA improvement, there are few studies applied various method of QA tools. This study reviewed the availability of general quality assurance(QA) tools according to ten steps in performing quality improvement activities at emergency room of a tertiary teaching hospital which has more than 1,000 beds. Methods : All patients in emergency room from 15th Oct. 1997 to 5th Sep. 1998 were surveyed. The survey data based on the patient's records of emergency room were evaluated according to length of stay, and we tried to identify problems with management of emergency room. To solve the problems, our team applied general QA tools(brainstorming, flow chart, nominal group technique, benchmarking, cause-and-effect diagram, run chart, control chart) to quality improvement activities and discussed the availability of the tools. Results : After the activities such as changes of staffing, the establishment of local area network and chest pain clinic, application of triage and so on, the percentage of patient who had stayed more than six hours was reduced from 56.0% to 46.8%. The mean number of patients per day in emergency room was increased from 49 to 62. But the reporting time for laboratory test was not changed after these activities. Conclusion : Each QA tool has unique benefit and limitation, but we can implement and evaluate the quality improvement activities more scientifically and systematically by applying these tools to practice according to QA ten steps.