• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.197-206
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of light therapy on sleep disturbance and depression in climacteric women with menopausal symptoms. Methods: The research design was a nonequivalent control group pre test-post test design. Data were collected from September 29, 2013 to November 11, 2013. Participants included 17 climacteric women in an artificial light therapy group, 17 climacteric women in a sun light therapy group and 16 climacteric women in a control group. Measures consisted of the sleep disturbance, depression, melatonin, and serotonin. Results: There was a statistically significant difference of Korean Sleep Scale A (F=53.87, p<.001), and melatonin (F=31.19, p<.001) among three groups. There was a statistically significant difference of Self-Rating Depression Scale (F=121.86, p<.001), and serotonin (F=102.37, p<.001) among three groups. Conclusion: Artificial and sun light therapy can be applied as a supportive nursing intervention to subjects with sleep disturbance and depression in climacteric women with menopausal symptoms. Artificial and sun light therapy is expected to be a complementary alternative intervention for health management of the subjects with sleep disturbance and depression in climacteric women with menopausal symptoms.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.309-319
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• 2016

This paper presents a new recognition and classification method for power quality (PQ) disturbances on the basis of pattern linguistic values. This method solves the difficulty of recognizing disturbances rapidly and accurately by using fuzzy logic. This method uses classification disturbance patterns to define the linguistic values of fuzzy input variables and used the input variables of corresponding disturbance pattern to set membership functions. This method also sets the fuzzy rules by analyzing the distribution regularities of the input variable values. One characteristic of this method is that the linguistic values of fuzzy input variables and the setting of membership functions are not only related to the input variables but also to the character of classification disturbance and the classification results. Furthermore, the number of fuzzy rules is equal to the number of disturbance patterns. By using this method for disturbance classification, the membership function and design of fuzzy rules are directly related to the objective of classification, thus effectively reducing the complexity of the design process and yielding accurate classification results. The classification results of the simulation and measured data verify the feasibility and effectiveness of this method.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.392-403
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• 2018

Purpose: To identify factors associated with menstrual distress and characterize the relationship between menstrual distress and sleep disturbance in middle-school girls. Methods: Participants in this correlational study were 117 middle-school girls who were recruited through convenience sampling. Data were collected from March 2018 to April 2018 using self-reported structured questionnaires and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0. Factors associated with menstrual distress included physiological, psychological, and situational factors based on the theory of unpleasant symptoms. Results: Age of menarche (${\beta}=-.28$, p<.001), amount of menstruation (${\beta}=.23$, p=.004), lifestyle-related exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (${\beta}=.21$, p=.027), and academic and peer-relationship stress (${\beta}=.19$, p=.025) influenced menstrual distress, explaining 47.4% of the variance in this regression model. The relationship between menstrual distress and sleep disturbance was statistically significant. Sleep disturbance was increased 1.26 folds when dysmenorrhea score increased by one unit (OR=1.26, 95% CI: 1.01~1.58). However, parental support was not a significant moderating factor of sleep disturbance. Conclusion: This study provides basis to develop an intervention strategy to alleviate menstrual discomfort in adolescents and improve their quality of sleep.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.27-50
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• 2001

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease. Although the joints are the major loci of the disease activity, fatigue is a common extraarticular symptom that exists in all gradations of rheumatoid arthritis. Fatigue is defined as a subjective sense of generalized tiredness or exhaustion and has multiple dimensions. Therefore fatigue is a common and frequent problem for those with rheumatoid arthritis. In fact, 88-100% of individuals with rheumatoid arthritis experience fatigue. Especially the degree of fatigue is higher in women than men with rheumatoid arthritis. Despite the importance of fatigue among the patients with rheumatoid arthritis, the mechanism that leads to fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis is not completely understood. This study was intended to test and validate a model to predict fatigue in women with rheumatoid arthritis. Especially it was intended to identify the direct and indirect effects of the variables of pain, disability, depression, sleep disturbance, morning stiffness, and symptom duration to fatigue. Data were collected by questionnaires including Multidimensional Assesment of Fatigue(Tack, 1991), numeric scale of pain, graphic scale of joints, Ritchie Articular Index, Korean Health Assessment Questionnaire(Bae, et al., 1998), Inventory of Function Status(Tulman, et al., 1991), Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression, and Korean Sleep Scale(Oh, et al 1998). The sample consisted of 345 women with a mean duration of rheumatoid arthritis for 10.06 years and a mean age of 49.64 years. SPSS win and Win LISREL were used for the data analysis. Structural equation modeling revealed the overall fit of the model. Pain predicted fatigue directly and indirectly through disability, depression, and sleep disturbance. Disability, sleep disturbance predicted fatigue only directly, while depression only indirectly through disability and sleep disturbance. Also morning stiffness and symptom duration predicted fatigue through disability and depression. All predictors accounted for 65% of the variance of fatigue. Depression, pain, and disability predicted sleep disturbance. Depression had reciprocal relationship with disability and they both were predicted by pain directly and indirectly. In summary, pain, depression, disability, sleep disturbance, morning stiffness, and symptom duration contributed to the fatigue of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The best predictor of fatigue was pain. This finding indicates that the modification of pain, depression, disability, sleep disturbance, morning stiffness could be nursing intervention for relief or prevention of fatigue.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.99-120
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• 2014

Purpose : There are two types of sleep disturbance: inability to sleep (不眠) and somnolence (多眠). This study is to examine treatments of the two types of sleep disturbance in the Books of Cold Damage and how those theories were established and formed. Methods : 1. Verses including the words related to inability to sleep and somnolence were extracted from "Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases" (傷寒論). 2. Among the Books on Cold Damages that are classified according to the symptoms, 17 books with contents related to inability to sleep and somnolence were selected to collect and classify data in three perspectives: mechanism of disease (病機), method of treatment (治法) and disease pattern (病證). 3. Data collected through the above methods were compared and diagramed. Results & Conclusions : 1. On Cold Damage, inability to sleep is mostly rooted when human body lacks yin energy while having excessive yang energy (陽盛陰虛) due to fire and heat (火熱). The reason could be misuse of perspiration inducing method (汗法) or purgation (下法) on the doctors' part. 2. On Cold Damage, somnolence is rooted when pathogen (邪氣) is spread to yin meridians (陰經) and the human body lacks yang while having excessive yin energy (陰盛陽虛) or when heat (熱邪) is invaded into interior parts (裏部). 3. Many scholars of Cold Damage in later periods had copied the "Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases" for treatments of sleep disturbance but many others have applied the verses from "Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases" or added new treatments. Do jeol-am (陶節庵) and Wang Geung-dang (王肯堂) particularly had deep understanding on "Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases" and utilized the content freely or suggested new remedies because they had thorough knowledge on relating formula as well.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
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• 한국우주과학회 2005년도 한국우주과학회보 제14권1호
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• pp.138-142
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• 2005

위성자세제어용 구동기 인 반작용 휠은 축 방향 토크뿐만 아니 라 횡 축 방향 외 란 토크와 힘을 발생시켜 위성의 정밀 지향 안정성에 영향을 미치게 된다. 이를 위해서는 반작용 휠 구동시의 발생 외란을 정밀하게 측정할 필요가 있다. 그러나 반작용 휠의 구동은 측정테이블의 진동을 야기 시키고 테이블의 공진 주파수 영역에서 큰 측정 오차를 유발한다. 본 논문은 이러한 진동오차들을 줄이기 위하여 주파수 보정법에 의한 사후처리 과정을 제시하고, 이 보정법으로 얻어진 데이터들로부터 외란 파라미터를 결정함으로써 구동기 외란의 보다 정밀한 측정을 가능케 하기 위함이다. 이 보정법을 적용함으로써 구동기 외란 측정 주파수범위를 넓힐 수 있다.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.183-193
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence and risk factors of sleep disturbance among community dwelling adults in Korea. Methods: Data were collected from nine hundred fifty nine adults dwelling in a metropolitan city in Korea. Subjects were older than 45 years, did not take medication for sleep problems on a regular basis, and did not work at night. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to collect data about sleep disturbance. Sociodemographic, life style, and health related factors were included as risk factors. Chi square test and logistic stepwise regression were used to identify the risk factors. Results: The prevalence of sleep disturbance was 13.1%. The significant risk factors were being female, age, number of toilet use at night, perceived health, and pain. Risk factors were somewhat different by gender. Emotional and job status were the risk factors only for men and menopausal status were for women. Conclusion: Prevalence of sleep disturbance in community dwelling adults in Korea was not greater than those dwelling in other countries. Females, older adults, the number of toilet use at night, perceived health, and pain were the most important risk factors for sleep disturbances. Gender was a factor in reported sleep disturbances. It might be useful to investigate the factors that contribute to the number of toilet use at night as this might have some underlying factors that could be corrected.

• ALGAE
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.325-336
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• 2017

Intertidal community recovery and resilience were investigated with quantitative and qualitative perspectives as a function of disturbance timing. The study was conducted in a lower intertidal rock bed of the southern coast of South Korea. Six replicates of artificial disturbance of a $50cm{\times}50cm$ area were made by clearing all visible organisms on the rocky substrate in four seasons. Each of the seasonally cleared plots was monitored until the percent cover data reached the control plot level. There was a significant difference among disturbance timing during the recovery process in terms of speed and community components. After disturbances occurred, Ulva pertusa selectively preoccupied empty spaces quickly (in 2-4 months) and strongly (50-90%) in all plots except for the summer plots where non-Ulva species dominated throughout the recovery period. U. pertusa acted as a very important biological variable that determined the quantitative and qualitative recovery capability of a community. The qualitative recovery of communities was rapid in summer plots where U. pertusa did not recruit and the community recovery rate was the lowest in winter plots where U. pertusa was highly recruited with a long duration of distribution. In this study, U. pertusa was a pioneer species while being a dominant species and acted as a clearly negative element in the process of qualitative recovery after disturbance. However, the negative effect of U. pertusa did not occur in summer plots, indicating that disturbance timing should be considered as a parameter in understanding intertidal community resilience in temperate regions with four distinct seasons.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2001년도 ICCAS
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• pp.101.5-101
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• 2001

A linear input/output data-based predictive control with integral action is developed. The control input is obtained directly from the input/output data in a single step. However, the state estimation in subspace identification gives a biased estimate and there is model mismatch when the controller is applied to a nonlinear process. To overcome such difficulties, we add integral action to a linear input/output data-based predictive controller by augmenting the integrated white noise disturbance model and use each of best linear unbiased estimation(BLUE) filter and Kalman filter as a stochastic observer for the unmeasured disturbance. When applied to a continuous styrene polymerization reactor the proposed controller demonstrates.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2004년도 하계학술대회 논문집 A
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• pp.336-338
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• 2004

This paper introduces a compression algorithm for power quality disturbance signal via the discrete wavelet transform, DWT. Fundamental signal or stationary signal is estimated and then subtracted from a given signal to obtain a difference signal or nonstationary signal. DWT is applied to a difference signal to get coefficients that are thresholded to reduce a number of coefficients. Simulation results show the resonable compression ratio while keep low signal distortion.