• 컴퓨터교육학회논문지
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.41-54
• /
• 2003

웹에 존재하는 넘치는 정보 중에서 이를 교육의 목적으로 활용하기 위해서는 해당 정보에 대한 사전 검증이 반드시 선행되어야 한다. 현재에도 웹의 많은 정보들이 교수-학습의 내용으로 활용되고 있고 또 웹기반교육이나 정보통신기술활용교육의 소재가 되고 있으나 이들 정보에 대한 총체적 질을 관리하기란 여간 어려운 일이 아니다. 본 연구는 교육용 웹 사이트에서 제공하는 정보의 질 관리에 유용한 도움을 줄 수 있는 평가의 준거를 개발, 적용해 보고 이러한 과정을 통하여 교육용 웹 사이트 설계, 개발과정에 최우선적으로 고려되어야 할 중요한 사항들을 제안해 보고자 하였다. 이를 위해, 교육용 웹 사이트의 평가에 유용하다고 판단되는 평가항목들을 체계적으로 분류 정리하고 교육용 웹 사이트에 대한 만족도 항목을 추가한 뒤, 통계적 분석과정을 통해 의미있는 평가준거들을 제안하였다. 각 개별 평가항목을 설문항목으로 전환하여 설문조사를 실시하여 개별항목의 신뢰성과 타당성을 검증해 보았으며 이 과정을 통해 추출된 14개 요인과 웹 사이트 만족도 간의 희귀분석을 통해 중요 평가지표들을 추출해 보았다. 이 과정에서 학습자중심의 교육용 웹 사이트 개발에 최우선적으로 고려되어야 할 평가지표들이 제안 되었고, 설계적 시사점 등이 논의되었다.

• 한국언론정보학보
• /
• 제30권
• /
• pp.175-201
• /
• 2005

본 논문은 '다양성'이라는 규범적 가치에 입각해 뉴스 기사 선별 및 취재 경로와 관련한 미 신문의 뉴스 제작 방식에는 어떤 변화가 진행돼 왔는지를 통시적으로 살펴보고 있다. 이에 따라 본고에서는 '뉴스 토픽'과 '정보원' 등 두 가지 분야에서 지난 50년간 뉴욕 타임스와 시카고 트리뷴, 로스앤젤레스 타임스 등 3대 유력 일간지의 1면 기사를 분석, 연대기적인 가치 변화를 추적해 보았다. 데이터 분석 결과, 지난 반세기 동안 미 신문에서 정부 및 정치권에 대한 정보원의 의존도는 지속적으로 줄어들고 있는 반면, 기업/산업체발 정보원의 등장은 점차 빈번해 지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 함께, 뉴스 주제의 분포에 있어서는 사건, 사고 기사의 감소와 군사, 안보기사의 퇴조 속에, 경제, 건강, 교육 등과 같은 주제가 점차 활발하게 다뤄지고 있는 것으로 조사됐다. 그러나 전통적인 비인기 주제였던 빈곤, 노동, 소수자, 사회 갈등 등과 같은 토픽들은 시대를 거듭해도 제자리를 맴돌거나 오히려 줄어들고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 기본간호학회지
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.423-432
• /
• 2014

Purpose: This study was done to evaluate effectiveness of deep breathing exercise as a postoperative intervention to prevent pulmonary complications. Methods: A search of databases from 1990 to 2012 was done including MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library and eight Korean databases. Ten studies met eligibility criteria. Researchers trained in systematic review, independently assessed the methodological quality of selected studies using the Cochrane's risk of bias tool. Data were analyzed using RevMan 5.2 program. Results: Among ten RCTs in four studies, deep breathing exercise was compared with an instrument using interventions such as incentive spirometry, in the other four studies deep breathing exercise was compared with non-intervention, and in last two studies bundles of interventions including coughing and early ambulation were assessed. A significant difference was found between deep breathing exercise group and non-intervention group. The odds ratio (OR) of occurrence of pulmonary complications for deep breathing exercise versus non-intervention was 0.30. However, there was no significant difference between deep breathing exercise group and incentive spirometry group (OR=1.22). Conclusion: Deep breathing exercise is vital to improving cost-effectiveness and efficiency of patient care in preventing postoperative pulmonary complications. For evidence-based nursing, standardized guidelines for deep breathing in postoperative care should be further studied.

• 기본간호학회지
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.120-133
• /
• 2018

Purpose: A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate effectiveness of education programs using video recording and feedback in the improvement of competency in clinical skills for health care majors. Methods: Six databases were searched and inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or non-randomized controlled trials (NRTs) reporting level of skill competency using numerical measurements. Data analysis and synthesis were performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software and Revman program. Results: Of 1,568 records, 11 studies met inclusion criteria. Statistically significant effectiveness of education programs using video recording and feedback was identified. A low risk of bias was detected among both RCTs and NRTs. Meta-analysis showed that the intervention groups had more effective improvements in skill competency (standardized mean difference [SMD]: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.33~1.16). Results of subgroup analysis showed higher effects when interventions dealt with one skill, used self-reflection with expert feedback, and included instruction from instructor in the education programs. Conclusion: Findings suggest that schools for health care majors should actively adopt video and feedback based skill training allowing educators to design effective programs. Potential is higher for students to achieve higher competency when they train with one skill at a time, use of instruction and receive feedback from experts.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제16권14호
• /
• pp.5663-5667
• /
• 2015

Background: Earlier studies on the association between p53 codon 72 Arg>Pro polymorphism and cancer risk were inconclusive and conflicting for the Saudi population. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between the codon 72 Arg>Pro polymorphism and overall cancer risk in Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: We searched all eligible published studies and data were pooled together to perform the meta-analysis. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated for homozygous, heterozygous, dominant and recessive genetic models. Results: A total of five eligible published studies covering 502 cancer cases and 784 healthy controls were included in the meta-analysis. No publication bias was detected in this study. The results suggested that the variant (Pro vs Arg: p=0.960; OR=1.004, 95% CI=0.852-1.183), homozygous (Pro.Pro vs Arg.Arg: p=0.970; OR=1.006, 95% CI=0.729-1.390), heterozygous (Arg.Pro vs Arg.Arg: p=0.473; OR=0.783, 95% CI=0.402-1.527) carriers were not associated with overall cancer risk. Similarly, dominant (Pro.Pro+Pro.Arg vs Arg.Arg: p=0.632; OR=0.886, 95% CI=0.540-1.454) and recessive (Pro.Pro vs Pro.Arg+Arg.Arg: p=0.269; OR=1.163, 95%CI=0.890-1.521) models also did not indicate increased risk of cancer. Conclusions: The current meta-analysis suggests that the codon 72 Arg>Pro polymorphism of the p53 gene might not contribute to cancer susceptibility in Saudi population. Future well designed large case control studies are needed to validate our findings.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제15권7호
• /
• pp.3021-3027
• /
• 2014

Background: The multidrug resistance 1 gene (MDR1) C3435T polymorphism has been demonstrated to influence the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity level which is related to inflammation and carcinogenesis. This meta-analysis was performed to estimate the association between the MDR1 C3435T polymorphism and the risk of gastric cancer (GC) and peptic ulcer (PU). Materials and Methods: A literature search was conducted with PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane library up to November 2013. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of association. Data were analyzed using Review Manager (Version 5.2), and Stata package (version 12.0) for estimation of publication bias. Results: Six case-control studies were included, of which five were for GC and two for PU. Overall, no evidence was found for any association between the MDR1 C3435T polymorphism and the susceptibility to GC and PU. In the stratified analysis by H. pylori infection status, stage and histology classification of GC, and PU type, there was still no significant association between them. Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggested that the MDR1 C3435T polymorphism is not associated with susceptibility to GC and PU. Large and well-designed studies are warranted to validate our findings.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권5호
• /
• pp.2179-2184
• /
• 2012

Introduction and aim: To compare reproductive factor influence on patients with pathological diagnosed malignant and benign tumor in the Breast Department, The First Peoples' Hospital of Kunming in Yunnan province, China. Methods: A hospital-based case-control study was conducted on 263 breast cancer (BC) cases and 457 non-breast cancer controls from 2009 to 2011. The cases and controls information on demographics, medical history, and reproductive characteristics variables were collected using a self-administered questionnaire and routine medical records. Histology of breast cancer tissue and benign breast lesion were documented by pathology reports. Since some variables in data analysis had zero count in at least one category, binomial-response GLM using the bias-reduction method was applied to estimate OR's and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). To adjust for age and menopause status, a compound variable comprising age and menopausal status was retained in the statistical models. Results: multivariate model analysis revealed significant independent positive associations of BC with short menstrual cycle, old age at first live birth, never breastfeeding, history of oral contraception experience, increased number of abortion, postmenopausal status, and nulliparity. Categorised by age and menopausal status, perimenopausal women had about 3-fold and postmenopausal women had more than 5-fold increased risk of BC compared to premenopausal women. Discussion and Conclusion: This study has confirmed the significant association of BC and estrogen related risk factors of breast cancer including longer menstrual cycle, older age of first live birth, never breastfeeding, nulliparity, and number of abortions more than one. The findings suggest that female hormonal factors, especially the trend of menopause status play a significant role in the development of BC in Yunnan women.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제14권5호
• /
• pp.3299-3304
• /
• 2013

Background: The Global Adult Tobacco Survey has 15 key indicators, cigarettes smoked per day (CPD) among daily smokers being one of them. The first wave of GATS in 14 countries indicated that mean CPD use is higher in women than men in India only, which is contrary to the current understanding of tobacco use globally. This study was undertaken to understand the unusual findings for mean CPD use in the GATS-India survey. Materials and Methods: Items B06a and B06b of the GATS India survey questionnaire that collected information on daily consumption of manufactured and rolled cigarettes were analyzed using SPSS software. Exclusive users were identified from these items after excluding the concurrent users of other tobacco products. Cigarette type, exclusive use and gender stratified analyses were made. Consumption of different types of cigarettes among the mixed users of manufactured and rolled cigarettes were correlated. Results: Higher mean number of CPD use among male daily-smokers was observed than their female counterparts in product specific analysis. Mean CPD as per GATS cigarette definition was higher in males than females for exclusive users but a reverse trend was observed in case of non-exclusive users. Use of manufactured cigarettes increased with increase in use of rolled cigarette among the mixed users and around half of these users reported equal CPD frequency for the both types of cigarettes. Conclusions: The anomaly in mean CPD estimate in GATS-India data was due to inclusion of two heterogeneous products to define cigarettes, variation in cigarette product specific user proportions contributing to the average and non-exclusive concurrent use of other tobacco products. The consumption pattern of cigarettes among the mixed users highlights bias in CPD reporting. Definition, analysis and interpretation of 'cigarettes per day' in the GATS India survey need to be improved by redefining cigarettes and making product specific analyses.

• 지식경영연구
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.81-99
• /
• 2017

This study is to compare the main subjects of domestic and foreign knowledge management research in terms of keywords and to clarify whether domestic knowledge management research reflects research trends in overseas knowledge management research. Specifically, we try to find out whether the central activities such as knowledge sharing, knowledge generation, and acquisition, which are knowledge management activities of knowledge management research, are being studied without bias. In order to analyze this, we analyzed the data of domestic and foreign knowledge management research for the last 5 years from 2012 to 2016. In Korea, the Knowledge Management Society of Korea collected 167 papers and 787 keywords, and collected 132 papers and 640 keywords from the Korea Society of Management Information Systems in order to distinguish the research areas. Overseas papers collected 315 papers and 1,746 keywords published by Emerald. Also, we collected 382 papers and 1,633 keywords in the Korean Management Review and collected 646 papers and 2,879 keywords in the Korean Business Education Review. Frequency analysis and network analysis of 1,642 papers and 7,685 keywords are summarized as follows. The Knowledge Management Society of Korea has focused on knowledge sharing, and in 2016, interest in knowledge transfer and knowledge search has shifted. The Journal of Knowledge Management, which is published by Emerald, has been a major concern for knowledge transfer and knowledge sharing. The research trends of the Korea Society of Management Information Systems to distinguish a clear identity of knowledge management research are focusing on smart area and mobile domain such as information security domain, cloud, smart phone, and smart work. In the Korea Society of Management Information Systems research, the main subject of knowledge sharing is also commonly found.

• 성인간호학회지
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.497-506
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore and describe the experience of people with HIV/AIDS. Three men and three women with HIV/AIDS participated in the study. They were asked open-ended and descriptive questions in order for them to talk about their experience in their own terms. Interviews were audiotaped and transcribed to maintain data integrity and to reduce perceptual bias. The transcripts were analyzed by the Colaizzi method. Member checks from the participants were used to validate the emergent themes. Seven themes emerged from the analysis. 1. People with HIV/AIDS have a strong impact and emotional reaction when receiving positive HIV test results. 2. All people with HIV/AIDS attempt to conceal HIV infection because of fear of stigma or rejection. 3. After the initial brief traumatic reaction to HIV/AIDS diagnosis, all participants feel lonely because they had no one to express or share their own experiences. 4. People with HIV/AIDS reflect on their life, think about the death and dying process and they become depressed. 5. Most participants feel that the family members who know his/her diagnosis are a big source of support. 6. According to the normativeness of infection route of HIV, the degree of guilty feeling differs among participants. 7. Although all participants think medication is a lifeline, the adherence to medication is not maintained because of side effects, denial and concealment of HIV/AIDS. The results of this study may help nurses and other health care workers to implement more efficient nursing strategies for people with HIV/AIDS by more deeply understanding their experience.