• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
• /
• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1985

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
• /
• 한국우주과학회 1993년도 한국우주과학회보 제2권2호
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• pp.17-17
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• 1993

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70${\pm}$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32${\pm}$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500,550,570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500,550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100,300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3,000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.664-676
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• 2019

본 연구는 국내 고산지대인 태백산국립공원에 서식하는 매미류의 생물음향 및 서식환경 분석에 목적이 있다. 매미 번식울음 녹음 데이터는 2018년 7월부터 9월까지 약 3개월간 태백산국립공원 내 대덕산계곡과 백천계곡에 녹음장치를 설치하여 24시간 매일 녹음하였다. 매미 서식분포 데이터는 2018년 8월에 태백산국립공원 탐방로에 위치한 111개소에서 소리를 녹음하였다. 기상 데이터는 기상청 태백시 기상 자료를 활용하였다. 연구 결과, 태백산국립공원에 출현한 매미류는 소요산매미, 참깽깽매미, 호좀매미, 참매미, 애매미 5종이었다. 매미별 출현 시기는 소요산매미는 7월 초순부터 7월 중순까지 울었으며, 참깽깽매미, 호좀매미, 참매미, 애매미는 7월 중순부터 9월 초순까지 울었다. 매미별 일주기 패턴은 참깽깽매미, 호좀매미, 참매미가 06~07시에 번식울음을 시작하였고, 울음 종료 시각은 3종 모두 19시 전후로 나타났다. 울음 피크 시간대는 참깽깽매미 11시, 참매미 12시, 호좀매미 13~14시경으로 나타났다. 태백산국립공원에 서식하는 매미 번식울음에 영향을 미치는 환경요인을 로지스틱 회귀분석으로 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 참깽깽매미, 호좀매미는 평균기온이 1도 높아질수록 울 가능성이 1.192배, 1.279배 높아졌다. 참깽깽매미, 참매미는 일조량이 1시간 길어질수록 울 가능성이 4.366배, 2.624배 높아졌다. 종간영향은 참깽깽매미는 참매미가 1번 울면 울 가능성이 14.620배 증가하며, 호좀매미는 참매미가 1번 울면 울 가능성이 2.784배 증가하였다. 참매미는 참깽깽매미가 울면 울 가능성이 11.301배 증가하며 호좀매미가 울면 울 가능성이 2.474배 증가하였다. 참깽깽매미와 호좀매미는 서로 영향을 주고받지 않았다. 종별 서식환경 분석 결과, 각 매미가 서식하는 지점의 평균 해발고도(Altitude)는 참깽깽매미 1,046m(780~1,315m), 호좀매미 1,072m(762~1,361m), 참매미 976m(686~1,245m)으로 나타났다. 호좀매미와 참깽깽매미는 낮은 고도에서 발견되는 참매미와 달리 700m 이하 해발고도에서 확인되지 않았다. 각 매미가 서식하는 평균 방향(Aspect)는 참깽깽매미가 166°(125~207°) 방향에서 발견되었고, 호좀매미가 100°(72~128°) 방향에서 발견되었으며, 참매미가 173°(118~228°) 방향에서 발견되었다. 매미별 분포도를 확인하였을 때, 태백산 문수봉을 기준으로 동남향 능선 밑 경사지에서 매미가 주로 분포하고 있었다. 결과를 종합하면, 태백산국립공원에 서식하는 참깽깽매미와 호좀매미는 한반도 전역에서 서식하는 참매미보다 높은 해발고도에서 서식하였다. 또한 매미가 주로 서식하는 방향은 일조량 확보가 용이한 동남쪽(100~173°) 지형으로 확인되었다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.694-706
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• 2012

본 연구는 주남저수지의 수질, 퇴적물, 저서성 무척추대형동물, 어류, 수생식물을 조사 및 분석함으로서 수생태계의 보전과 복원을 위한 기초자료 제공에 그 목적이 있다. 수질분석 결과, 수소이온농도(pH)는 8.2~8.4, 화학적 산소요구량(COD)은 6.0~7.5mg/L, 부유물질량(SS)은 10.0~10.3mg/L, 용존산소량(DO)은 8.3~11.5mg/L, 총인량(T-P)은 0.1mg/L, 총질소량(T-N)은 1.2~1.3mg/L로 나타났다. 퇴적물의 경우 Cd(카드뮴)는 0.47~0.52mg/kg, Cu(구리)는 7.08~7.43 mg/kg, As(비소)는 0.22~0.32mg/kg, Hg(수은)는 0.02~0.03mg/kg, Pb(납)는 6.20~7.45mg/kg, Ni(니켈)는 32.80~39.70mg/kg, F(불소)는 513.0~543.0mg/kg, Zn(아연)은 137.0~140.0mg/kg으로 나타났으며, $Cr^{6+}$(6가크롬)은 검출되지 않았다. 저서성 대형무척추동물은 3문 5강 9목 26과 33속 39종 432개체가 있는 것으로 확인되었으며, 저서성 대형무척추동물의 생태점수(ESB)는 25로 나타났다. 어류는 8과 14종으로 나타났으며, 생태계교란야생동식물은 큰입배스와 파랑볼우럭 등 2분류군이었다. 수생식물은 28과 42속 56종 1아종 6변종 등 총 63분류군으로 확인되었으며, 정수식물은 38분류군(60.3%), 부엽식물은 5분류군(7.9%), 부유식물 및 침수식물은 각 10분류군(15.9%)로 나타났다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.395-405
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• 2010

본 연구는 경상남도의 중요한 연안습지를 대상으로 생태적 측면에서의 가치평가를 실시하여 연안습지의 무분별한 개발과 훼손을 최소화 하기 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 수행하였다. 연안습지 평가를 위한 현지조사 결과, 저서생물은 통영시 용남면 동달리, 화삼리의 종수가 가장 많았고 거제시 거제면 외간리, 내간리 일대는 개체수와 생체량이 가장 많았다. 종다양성지수는 고성군 삼산면 미룡리가 가장 높게 나타났다. 염생식물의 표징종과 수반종이 가장 많이 출현한 지역은 마산시 진전면 이명리와 거제시 거제면 외간리, 내간리로 조사되었다. 이러한 현지조사 결과를 토대로 연안습지의 생태적 가치를 5개 등급으로 평가한 결과, 퇴적환경은 고성군 회화면 당항리, 고성군 삼산면 미룡리, 사천시 곤양면 구호리, 하동군 진교면 술상리, 남해군 이동면 석평리가 II등급으로 가장 높게 평가되었다. 저서생물은 마산시 진전면 이명리, 통영시 용남면 동달리, 거제시 거제면 외간리, 내간리가 II등급, 염생식물은 마산시 진전면 이명리와 거제시 거제면 외간리, 내간리가 II등급으로 가장 높게 평가되었다. 평가요인별 평균값을 기준으로 한 최종적인 평가등급은 마산시 진전면 이명리, 거제시 거제면 외간리, 내간리가 가장 높은 II등급으로 나타났고 남해군 이동면 석평리가 IV등급으로 가장 낮았다. 향후 연안습지 생태계의 지속적인 조사와 장기적인 모니터링, 그리 연안습지를 체계적으로 관리하기 위한 GIS기반 연안습지정보시스템 구축을 위한 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.486-496
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• 2018

본 연구는 지형구조 차이에 따른 이온지수를 파악하고자 월악산국립공원 내 일본잎갈나무림을 연구대상지로 선정하였다. 측정지점은 월악산국립공원 내 일본잎갈나무가 우점하고 있는 동일한 생태적 구조로 조성된 능선(Ridge)과 계곡(Vally)의 위치에서 기상과 이온을 고정 측정하였다. 기상 측정 결과 기온은 능선부에서 평균 $28.22^{\circ}C$, 최고 $29.9^{\circ}C$, 최저 $26.4^{\circ}C$였으며, 계곡부에서 평균 $27.08^{\circ}C$, 최고 $27.8^{\circ}C$, 최저 $25.5^{\circ}C$로 분석되었다. 상대습도의 경우 능선부에서 평균 67.02%, 최고 75.25%, 최저 61.95%였으며, 계곡부에서 평균 69.74%, 최고 76.8%, 최저 63.75%로 분석되었다. 이온측정 결과 능선부에서는 양이온 발생량 평균 $698.40{\pm}59.80ea/cm^3$, 최대 $885.88ea/cm^3$, 최소 $597.88ea/cm^3$이었으며, 음이온 발생량 평균 $736.07{\pm}83.89ea/cm^3$, 최대 $934.53ea/cm^3$, 최소 $599.32ea/cm^3$이었다. 이를 이온지수로 산출한 결과 1.06으로 분석되었다. 계곡부에서는 양이온 발생량 평균 $1,732.49{\pm}354.08ea/cm^3$, 최대 $2,652.10ea/cm^3$, 최소 $1,110.92ea/cm^3$이였으며, 음이온 발생량 평균 $1,990.47{\pm}433.57ea/cm^3$, 최대 $3,126.75ea/cm^3$, 최소 $1,352.17ea/cm^3$이었다. 이를 이온지수로 산출한 결과 1.16으로 분석되었다. 이 연구의 결과는 국립공원 내 기후적 측면의 건강관리 기초자료로 제공하고자 하였다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제105권1호
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• pp.149-156
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• 2016

산림박물관은 산림 및 산림과 밀접한 환경에 관련한 특화된 유물과 자료를 수집 전시 및 교육을 위한 시설이라고 정의 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 경상남도산림박물관을 대상으로 산림과 환경에 대한 교육적 가치를 추정하기 위해 수행되었으며 그 도구는 환경재의 가치추정방법으로 널리 알려진 가상가치평가법(Contingent Valuation Methods: CVM)을 이용하였다. 가치추정을 위한 연구는 대상지의 선정, 제시금액의 결정, 설문종사자들에 대한 사전교육 등을 거쳐 2014년 4월에서 10월에 걸쳐서 실시되었으며 386부를 분석에 이용하였다. 가치추정방식은 DBDC방식의 로짓모형을 이용하였으며 투입된 모수는 방문횟수(time), 환경교육의 정도(contri), 응답자의 환경보존노력(execu), 응답자의 학력(edu), 응답자의 소득(inc) 등을 투입하여 절단된 평균값(WTPtruncated)을 이용하였다. 연구의 결과 일인당 1회 방문시 얻을 수 있는 식물과 환경교육에 대한 가치는 23,338원이었다. 이를 2010년에서 2014년 까지 연간 평균이용객 약 430,000명을 적용하면 경상남도산림박물관이 매년 이용객에게 제공하는 환경의 가치는 약 100억원 이상으로 추정 할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과는 산림박물관이 관람객에게 제공하는 산림교육 및 환경의 가치를 현재의 통용되는 화폐액으로 제시 한데 그 의의가 있으며 산림박물관의 가치를 더욱 직접적으로 판단 할 수 있는 근거를 제시하여 산림박물관에 대한 직접적인 가치를 판단하게 하여 산림 및 환경교육에 대한 인식을 전환하는 기회가 될 수 있을 것이다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.235-253
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• 2006

해양탄성파 프로파일을 정밀수심 및 자력자료와 함께 해석하여, 일본열도가 분리되어 동해가 형성된 한반도의 대륙 주변부에서 진행된 리프팅과 지각의 분리 과정을 연구하였다. 한반도의 주변부는 바다쪽으로 리프트분지와 융기된 리프트 측면부, 그리고 경사가 급한 대륙사면이 연속된, 비활성 대륙주변부에서 전형적으로 볼 수 있는 기본적인 리프트구조로 이루어져 있다. 북쪽지역에서는 한반도로부터 연장되고 부분적으로 분절된 대륙지각인 한국대지에서 리프팅이 발생하였다. 한국대지는 상대적으로 넓은 신장지역을 제공하여 많은 수의 리프트를 형성하였다. 한국대지 내에서 두 개의 눈에 띄는 리프트 분지(온누리와 반달 분지)는 주된 synthetic 단층과 더 작은 규모의 antithetic 단층에 의해 형성되어 넓고 대칭적인 구조를 갖는다. 이들 분지에서 변위가 큰 경계단층지역은 볼록한 경사면을 가지며 주향방향으로 지그재그 모양을 보인다. 대조적으로, 남쪽 주변부에는 비대칭적인 반지구로서 하나의 좁은 리프트분지(후포 분지)가 길게 형성되어 있다. 한반도 주변부의 리프팅은 주향이동 운동에 의한 변위가 아니라 대륙사면의 기저부를 따라 발생하였다고 유추되는 지각의 분리에 수직하는 서쪽 및 남동방향의 신장의 결과인 정단층작용에 의해 주로 유도되었다고 해석된다. 리프팅 동안에는 화산작용이 거의 없었으나 해저면 확장의 초기단계에서는 상당한 화산작용이 수반되었으며 이것은 특히 남쪽지역에서 리프트에 의해 유도되는 맨틀대류뿐만 아니라 슬랩에 의해 유도되는 약권의 상승을 반영한다고 보여 진다. 동해의 생성과 관련된 한반도 주변부의 구조 및 화산운동은 후열도 환경에서의 약권 상승에 의해 영향을 받는 화산작용을 수반한 비활성 대륙주변부에서 일어나는 과정으로 설명할 수 있다고 해석된다.

• 영재교육연구
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.339-358
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 영재와 평재 고등학생들이 IT 역량을 어떻게 인식하고 있는지에 대해 비교해 보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 영재학교 2개교와 IT 특성화 고등학교 1개교 그리고 공업고등학교 1개교, 총 370명을 대상으로 표집 하였으며, 이들을 대상으로 IT 기업 인재 채용 시에 중요하게 고려되는 요인, IT 역량 향상을 위해 필요한 교과목과 이를 위한 효과적인 교육방법, IT 핵심역량에 대한 생각에 대해 응답하도록 하였다. 이 중 351명을 최종 분석 대상으로 선정하여 분석한 결과, 고등학생들은 IT 기업의 신규채용 시 중요한 요인이 IT 전문역량이라고 인식하고 있었으며, IT 역량을 향상시키기 위해서는 실무중심 교육과 실습위주의 교육 등 '실습 위주 교육'이 가장 필요하다고 응답하였다. 또한, IT 핵심역량 중에서 가장 중요하다고 생각하는 하위 요인으로 영재학교와 정보과학고등학교는 '소프트웨어 기본역량'이 가장 중요하다고 인식하고 있었고, 공업고등학교는 '네트워크 및 보안 기본역량'이 가장 중요하다고 지각한 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로, IT 역량 함양을 위해 가장 필요한 교육과정으로는 학교 유형별로 다르게 인식하고 있었는데, 영재학교 학생들은 '알고리즘'이 가장 필요하다고 인식하였고, 정보과학고등학교 학생들은 '자료구조' 및 '컴퓨터 구조'의 필요성을 가장 크게 인식하고 있었다. 공업고등학교 학생들의 경우에는 '프로그래밍 언어'가 가장 필요한 교과목이라고 응답하였다. 또한, IT 기업 채용시 중요한 요인(IT 전문역량, 학력, 기초직업능력, IT공통역량), IT 핵심역량 함양 교육방법(학교교육), IT 핵심역량 중요도(소프트웨어 기본역량, 데이터베이스 기본역량, 네트워크 및 보안 기본 역량, 통합적인 역량), IT 역량 향상을 위한 교육방법(운영체제, 하드웨어)에서 영재학생이 평재학생보다 더 중요성이나 필요성을 높게 인식하는 경향이 있는 것으로 나타났다. IT 교육을 받고 있는 영재학생, 정보과학고등학생 및 공업고등학교 학생들이 인식하는 IT 핵심역량을 비교분석한 본 연구결과가 향후 IT 인력 양성을 위한 교육과정 및 교육방법을 개선하고 보완하는데 기초자료로 활용될 수 있기를 기대한다.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.243-254
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• 2005

조기디자인' 교육을 장기적인 정책과제로 관심을 가지고 체계적으로 실천하고 있는 영국을 비롯한 미국, 핀란드 등 선진국들의 다양한 목적의 초등디자인교육 학습프로그램 사례에 관한 연구는 우리나라의 초등디자인교육 관련 프로그램 개발을 위한 기초적인 참고자료로 활용을 위채 필요하다고 판단된다. 따라서 본 연구는 아동디자인교육 중에서도 영국의 초등학교 디자인교육의 프로그램사례 조사와 그 분석결과를 제시하였다. 영국은 국가교육과정으로 법정.:P.과인 '미술과 디자인', 그리고 '디자인과 기술'의 두 교과에서 초등디자인교육을 하고 있는데, 두 교과의 디자인관련 단원학습프로그램의 분석결과는 '디자인과 기술'교과의 디자인 관련 단원학습프로그램들은 4개의 식품관련 단원을 제외한 20개 단원들의 대부분이 '과학적이고 공학적인 '내용영역'을 중심으로 체계적이고 과학적인 방법으로 '문제해결'을 해 나가는 '과정'중심의 '디자인과정'을 기반으로 하는 '행동유형'들과 관련성을 보여주고 있으며, 일부 단원은 부분적으로 '실용적이고 기능적'인 '내용영역'과 관련성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 '미술과 디자인'교과는 19단원 중에서 주로 '미적이고 상징적'인 '내용영역'의 순수미술과 건축 관련 단원을 제외한 직접적으로 디자인과 관련된 6개 단원은 주로 '미적이고 상징적'이거나 아니면 '실용적이고 기능적'인 '내용영역에 따른 '행동유형'에 비중을 두었기 때문에 '과학적이고 공학적'인 '내용영역'과의 관련성은 '디자인과 기술'교과에 비교해서 매우 적은 것으로 분석되었다. 이것은 영국의 '디자인과정'을 기반으로 한 '과학적이고 공학적'인 '창의성 개발과'과 '문제해결' 중심의 초등학교 디자인교육은 '디자인과 기술'교과에서 이루어지고 있음을 실증하는 것으로, 특히, 본 연구에서 분석하고 제시한 영국 초등학교의 '디자인과 기술'교과의 디자인관련 단원학습프로그램 사례들은, 우리나라의 초등교사를 비롯한 초등디자인교육에 직, 간접적으로 관련된 개인이나 교육기관 등에서 초등 디자인교육 프로그램 개발을 위한 하나의 기초 참고자료로써 활용될 수 있기를 기대한다.