• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.189-204
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• 2018

This study has developed a forest fire occurrence probability model for inaccessible areas such as North Korea and Demilitarized Zone and we have developed a real-time forest fire danger rating system that can be used in fire-related works. There are limitations on the research that it is impossible to conduct site investigation for data acquisition and verification for forest fire weather index model and system development. To solve this problem, we estimated the fire spots in the areas where access is impossible by using MODIS satellite data with scientific basis. Using the past meteorological reanalysis data(5㎞ resolution) produced by the Korea Meteorological Administration(KMA) on the extracted fires, the meteorological characteristics of the fires were extracted and made database. The meteorological factors extracted from the forest fire ignition points in the inaccessible areas are statistically correlated with the forest fire occurrence and the weather factors and the logistic regression model that can estimate the forest fires occurrence(fires 1 and non-fores 0). And used to calculate the forest fire weather index(FWI). The results of the statistical analysis show that the logistic models(p<0.01) strongly depends on maximum temperature, minimum relative humidity, effective humidity and average wind speed. The logistic regression model constructed in this study showed a relatively high accuracy of 66%. These findings may be beneficial to the policy makers in Republic of Korea(ROK) and Democratic People's Republic of Korea(DPRK) for the prevention of forest fires.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.139-148
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• 2014

In recent years, computational models using parametric estimation method have been developed and used widely for efficient cost analysis. In this research, by applying experienced data from Guidance and Control Systems in Missile System field, the cost analysis for engineering model and commercial computational model(Price H, HL, M, S) are conducted and its result is analysed, so that the difference between two models and its grounds are apprehended. Comparing the calibrated value of computational model based on the data base of similar equipment and the cost from the engineering estimation, the two results are very close. It means that the credibility of data is enhanced through calibration. Also, for cost analysis of similar components in the future, the method for calibration of the computational models is also examined. When estimating development cost in this research, although many parts have been estimated through uncertain elements, the reliability could have been enhanced by applying computational model which secures objectivity. It is a very reasonable estimation method by utilizing calibration of the computational models based on existing accumulated development data.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.193-198
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• 2021

Recently, interests in the 4th industry have increased the level of demand for pest control by farmers in the field of rice farming, and the interests and use of agricultural pest control drones. Therefore, the diversification of agricultural control drones that spray high-concentration pesticides and the increase of agricultural exterminators due to the acquisition of national drone certifications are rapidly developing the agricultural sector in the drone industry. In addition, as detailed projects, an effective platform is required to construct large-scale big data due to pesticide management, exterminator management, precise spraying, pest control work volume classification, settlement, soil management, prediction and monitoring of damages by pests, etc. and to process the data. However, studies in South Korea and other countries on development of models and programs to integrate and process the big data such as data analysis algorithms, image analysis algorithms, growth management algorithms, AI algorithms, etc. are insufficient. This paper proposed an online drone pest control management information platform to meet the needs of managers and farmers in the agricultural field and to realize precise AI pest control based on the agricultural drone pest control processor using drones and presented foundation for development of a comprehensive management system through empirical experiments.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Medical Physics Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.122-125
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• 2004

In radiotherapy of tumors in liver, enough planning target volume (PTV) margins are necessary to compensate breathing-related movement of tumor volumes. To overcome the problems, this study aims to obtain patients' body movements by using a moving phantom and an ultrasonic sensor, and to develop respiration gating techniques that can adjust patients' beds by using reversed values of the data obtained. The phantom made to measure patients' body movements is composed of a microprocessor (BS II, 20 MHz, 8K Byte), a sensor (Ultra-Sonic, range 3 cm ${\sim}$3 m), host computer (RS232C) and stepping motor (torque 2.3Kg) etc., and the program to control and operate it was developed. The program allows the phantom to move within the maximum range of 2 cm, its movements and corrections to take place in order, and x, y and z to move successively. After the moving phantom was adjusted by entering random movement data(three dimensional data form with distance of 2cm), and the phantom movements were acquired using the ultra sonic sensor, the two data were compared and analyzed. And then, after the movements by respiration were acquired by using guinea pigs, the real-time respiration gating techniques were drawn by operating the phantom with the reversed values of the data. The result of analyzing the acquisition-correction delay time for the three types of data values and about each value separately shows that the data values coincided with one another within 1% and that the acquisition-correction delay time was obtained real-time (2.34 ${\times}$ 10$^{-4}$sec). This study successfully confirms the clinic application possibility of respiration gating techniques by using a moving phantom and an ultra sonic sensor. With ongoing development of additional analysis system, which can be used in real-time set-up reproducibility analysis, it may be beneficially used in radiotherapy of moving tumors.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.316-324
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• 2004

Purpose : In radiotherapy of tumors in liver, enough planning target volume (PTV) margins are necessary to compensate breathing-related movement of tumor volumes. To overcome the problems, this study aims to obtain patients' body movements by using a moving phantom and an ultrasonic sensor, and to develop respiration sating techniques that can adjust patients' beds by using reversed values of the data obtained. Materials and Methods : The phantom made to measure patients' body movements is composed of a microprocessor (BS II, 20 MHz, 8K Byte), a sensor (Ultra-Sonic, range $3\~3$ m), host computer (RS232C) and stepping motor (torque 2.3 Kg) etc., and the program to control and operate it was developed. The program allows the phantom to move within the maximum range of 2 cm, its movements and corrections to take place In order, and x, y and z to move successively. After the moving phantom was adjusted by entering random movement data (three dimensional data form with distance of 2 cm), and the phantom movements were acquired using the ultra sonic sensor, the two data were compared and analyzed. And then, after the movements by respiration were acquired by using guinea pigs, the real-time respiration gating techniques were drawn by operating the phantom with the reversed values of the data. Results : The result of analyzing the acquisition-correction delay time the three types of data values and about each value separately shows that the data values coincided with one another within $1\%$ and that the acquisition-correction delay time was obtained real-time $(2.34{\times}10^{-4}sec)$. Conclusion : This study successfully confirms the clinic application possibility of respiration gating techniques by using a moving phantom and an ultrasonic sensor. With ongoing development of additional analysis system, which can be used in real-time set-up reproducibility analysis, it may be beneficially used in radiotherapy of moving tumors.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.306-315
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• 2021

This study analyzed the effects of light-shielding curtains and halogens on spectrum when acquiring hyperspectral images in a greenhouse. The image data of tarp (1.4*1.4 m, 12%) with 30 degrees of angles was achieved three times with four conditions depending on 14 heights using the automatic image acquisition system installed in the greenhouse at the department of Southern Area of National Institute of Crop Science. When the image was acquired without both a light-shielding curtain and halogen lamp, there was a difference in spectral tendencies between direct light and shadow parts on the base of 550 nm. The average coefficient of variation (CV) for direct light and shadow parts was 1.8% and 4.2%, respective. The average CV value was increased to 12.5% regardless of shadows. When the image was acquired only used a halogen lamp, the average CV of the direct light and shadow parts were 2 .6% and 10.6%, and the width of change on the spectrum was increased because the amount of halogen light was changed depending on the height. In the case of shading curtains only used, the average CV was 1.6%, and the distinction between direct light and shadows disappeared. When the image was acquired using a shading curtain and halogen lamp, the average CV was increased to 10.2% because the amount of halogen light differed depending on the height. When the average CV depending on the height was calculated using halogen and light-shielding curtains, it was 1.4% at 0.1m and 1.9% at 0.2 m, 2 .6% at 0.3m, and 3.3% at 0.4m of height, respectively. When hyperspectral imagery is acquired, it is necessary to use a shading curtain to minimize the effect of shadows. Moreover, in case of supplementary lighting by using a halogen lamp, it is judged to be effective when the size of the object is less than 0.2 m and the distance between the object and the housing is kept constant.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.57 no.12
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• pp.2351-2357
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• 2008

Noninvasive radial artery pulse wave has been widely used not only for the pulse wave analysis(PWA) itself but also for assessment of arterial stiffness with estimated aortic pulse wave from peripheral pulse wave. However, it has been found that the deformation of pulse shape can be caused readily by changing measuring position, indentation pressure, and so on. So, in this study, we have developed a system which can measure radial pulse wave and skin displacement simultaneously while the indentation body goes down to occlude subject's radial artery. This system can be divided into a measuring apparatus part, an indentation control hardware part, a data acquisition part and a control and computation part. And, the measuring apparatus consists of an arm-rest, a step motor, an indentation body, a laser displacement sensor(LK-G30, Keyence Co.) and pulse wave sensor. Under load-free condition and radial artery loaded condition, the evaluation of developed system has been performed. From these results, we can conclude: 1) The developed system can control the indentation body quantitatively and the adopted laser displacement sensor shows linear output characteristic even with skin as a reflector. 2) This system can measure the pulse wave and the displacement of indentation body, that is, skin displacement simultaneously at each specific level of indentation body. 3) This system can provide the number of motor steps used to get down the indentation body, the measured skin displacement, the calculated indentation pressure, the calculated pulse pressure and the pulse waveform as well as the information generated by combining these with each others. 4) This system can reveal the relationship between the morphological changes of pulse wave and the estimated displacement of radial artery wall by indentation. Consequently, the developed system can furnish more abundant information on radial artery than previous diagnosis systems based on tonometric measurement. In further study, we expect to setup the standard measuring process and to concrete the algorithm for the estimation of radial artery's diameter and of displacement of radial artery's wall. Furthermore, with well designed clinical studies, we hope to turn out the usefulness of developed system in the field of cardiovascular system evaluation.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.4
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• pp.43-71
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• 1975

Operations research has developed rapidly since its origins in World War II. Practitioners of O. R. have contributed to almost every aspect of government and business. More recently, a number of operations researchers have turned their attention to library and information systems, and the author believes that significant research has resulted. It is the purpose of this essay to introduce the library audience to some of these accomplishments, to present some of the author's hypotheses on the subject of library management to which he belives O. R. has great potential, and to suggest some future research directions. Some problem areas in librianship where O. R. may play a part have been discussed and are summarized below. (1) Library location. It is usually necessary to make balance between accessibility and cost In location problems. Many mathematical methods are available for identifying the optimal locations once the balance between these two criteria has been decided. The major difficulties lie in relating cost to size and in taking future change into account when discriminating possible solutions. (2) Planning new facilities. Standard approaches to using mathematical models for simple investment decisions are well established. If the problem is one of choosing the most economical way of achieving a certain objective, one may compare th althenatives by using one of the discounted cash flow techniques. In other situations it may be necessary to use of cost-benefit approach. (3) Allocating library resources. In order to allocate the resources to best advantage the librarian needs to know how the effectiveness of the services he offers depends on the way he puts his resources. The O. R. approach to the problems is to construct a model representing effectiveness as a mathematical function of levels of different inputs(e.g., numbers of people in different jobs, acquisitions of different types, physical resources). (4) Long term planning. Resource allocation problems are generally concerned with up to one and a half years ahead. The longer term certainly offers both greater freedom of action and greater uncertainty. Thus it is difficult to generalize about long term planning problems. In other fields, however, O. R. has made a significant contribution to long range planning and it is likely to have one to make in librarianship as well. (5) Public relations. It is generally accepted that actual and potential users are too ignorant both of the range of library services provided and of how to make use of them. How should services be brought to the attention of potential users? The answer seems to lie in obtaining empirical evidence by controlled experiments in which a group of libraries participated. (6) Acquisition policy. In comparing alternative policies for acquisition of materials one needs to know the implications of each service which depends on the stock. Second is the relative importance to be ascribed to each service for each class of user. By reducing the level of the first, formal models will allow the librarian to concentrate his attention upon the value judgements which will be necessary for the second. (7) Loan policy. The approach to choosing between loan policies is much the same as the previous approach. (8) Manpower planning. For large library systems one should consider constructing models which will permit the skills necessary in the future with predictions of the skills that will be available, so as to allow informed decisions. (9) Management information system for libraries. A great deal of data can be available in libraries as a by-product of all recording activities. It is particularly tempting when procedures are computerized to make summary statistics available as a management information system. The values of information to particular decisions that may have to be taken future is best assessed in terms of a model of the relevant problem. (10) Management gaming. One of the most common uses of a management game is as a means of developing staff's to take decisions. The value of such exercises depends upon the validity of the computerized model. If the model were sufficiently simple to take the form of a mathematical equation, decision-makers would probably able to learn adequately from a graph. More complex situations require simulation models. (11) Diagnostics tools. Libraries are sufficiently complex systems that it would be useful to have available simple means of telling whether performance could be regarded as satisfactory which, if it could not, would also provide pointers to what was wrong. (12) Data banks. It would appear to be worth considering establishing a bank for certain types of data. It certain items on questionnaires were to take a standard form, a greater pool of data would de available for various analysis. (13) Effectiveness measures. The meaning of a library performance measure is not readily interpreted. Each measure must itself be assessed in relation to the corresponding measures for earlier periods of time and a standard measure that may be a corresponding measure in another library, the 'norm', the 'best practice', or user expectations.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.225-232
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• 2012

Purpose: Accurate monitoring of information from various agricultural vehicles is one of the most important factors for appropriate management strategy of field operations. While there has been a number of study and design on applications of sensors and actuators for data acquisition and control system in tractor, incompatibility between various customized hardware and software has become a major obstacle to the universal deployment in real field operation. International standard for implementation of electronic control unit (ECU) in agricultural vehicles has becoming a mandatory requirement for inter-operation compatibility in the international trade of agricultural vehicle industries. The ISO 11783 standard is basically based upon well known communication technology designated using the controller area network (CAN) bus. While CAN bus could provide 1.0 Mbps of communication speed, the standard only recommended 250 kbps. Methods: This study presents the implementation and evaluation of ISO 11783 for tractor electronic control units (TECU)with a higher transmission rate from multiple ECU than 250 kbps. Throughput and loss rate of the developed prototype were calculated across manipulated bus load for laboratory experimental tests, and the maximum requirement of transmission rate by ISO 11873 was satisfied with lower than 60% of bus load. Results: Field tests with a TECU implemented to process messages from global positioning system (GPS) receiver resulted that the root mean square error of position information was lower than 4 m with 0.5 m/s as a travelling speed. Conclusions: Results of this study represent the utilization of the international standard ISO 11783 to providepractical developments in terms with the inter-operability of TECU.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.136-141
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• 2012

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate whether the ammonia nitrogen concentration of aqueous samples such as drinking water can be determined by measuring the saturation of the samples colored by indophenol method. Methods: A color saturation measurement system was constructed by connecting a notebook computer to an image acquisition device composed of a PC camera and a light source, and was then used to measure the saturation of samples colored by blue indophenol complex. Results: Between two available light sources, a fluorescent lamp was selected due to its demonstrating better linearity between color saturation and ammonia nitrogen concentration. Prediction by quadratic regression was more accurate than by linear regression, and prediction by quadratic regression in the concentration range of 0.1-1.0 $mg/l$ was more accurate than in the concentration range of 0.0-1.0 $mg/l$. Regression-based predictions over 0.25 $mg/l$, 0.55 $mg/l$ and 0.75 $mg/l$ concentrations were implemented both by spectrophotometric method and by measuring color saturation. In the case of 0.25 $mg/l$, the predicted concentration by spectrophotometric method was $0.256{\pm}0.0076\;mg/l$ and the predicted concentration by measuring color saturation was $0.246{\pm}0.0086\;mg/l$ (p=0.051). In the case of 0.55 $mg/l$, they were $0.561{\pm}0.0068\;mg/l$ and $0.564{\pm}0.0166\;mg/l$ (p=0.660). In the case of 0.75 $mg/l$, they were $0.755{\pm}0.0139\;mg/l$ and $0.762{\pm}0.0088\;mg/l$ (p=0.215). Conclusions: There were no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) between the data from the two methods in all three of the concentrations. Therefore, the color saturation measurement method proposed in this paper may be considered applicable for determining the ammonia nitrogen concentration of aqueous samples such as drinking water.