• 천문학회보
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.49.1-49.1
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• 2010

The study of pores, small penumbraless sunspots, can give us a chance to understand how strong magnetic fields interact with convective motions in the photosphere. For a better understanding of this interaction, we investigate the temporal variation of several tiny pores smaller than 2". These pores were observed by the Solar Optical Telescope (SOT) onboard Hinode on 2006 December 29. We have analyzed the high resolution spectropolarimetric (SP) data and the G-band filtergrams taken during the observation. Magnetic flux density and Doppler velocities of the pores are estimated by applying the center of gravity (COG) method to the SP data. The horizontal motions in and around the pores are tracked by adopting the Nonlinear Affine Velocity Estimator (NAVE) method to the G-band filter images. As results, we found the followings. (1) Darkness of pores is positively correlated with magnetic flux density. (2) Downflows always exist inside and around the pores. (3) The speed of downflows inside the pores is negatively correlated with their darkness. (4) The pores are surrounded by strong downflows. (5) Brightness changes of the pores are correlated with the divergence of mass flow (correlation coefficient > 0.9). (6) The pores in the growing phase are associated with the converging flow pattern and the pores in the decay phase with the diverging flow pattern. Our results support the idea that a pore grows as magnetic flux density increases due to the convergence of ambient mass flow and it decays with the decrease of the flux density due to the diverging mass flow.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권20호
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• pp.8641-8645
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• 2014

The rising trend of breast cancer both in developed and developing countries is a real threat challenging all efforts to screening, prevention and treatment aspects to reduce its impact. In spite of modern preventive strategies, the upward trend of breast cancer has become a matter of great concern in both developed and developing countries. Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute is a premier regional cancer institute in eastern region of India catering to a large number of cancer patients every year. A pilot case control study of fifty breast cancer patients and 100 matched controls was conducted during 2013 to evaluate the effects of habitual factors like working in night shift, not having adequate sleep, and not sleeping in total darkness on breast cancer of women. The study revealed that not sleeping in total darkness was associated with higher odds of outcome of breast cancer of women. This positive correlation can play a vital role in formulation of preventive strategies through life style modification.

• 식물병연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.173-178
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• 2005

Ampelomyces quisqualis 94013는 중복기생균으로 흰가루병 생물적 방제용 우수균주로 선발하여, 이 균의 효율적 이용을 위한 배양적 특성을 조사하였다. A. quisqualis 94013의 균사생육 적은은 $26^{\circ}C$이였으며, 균사생육 최적 pH는 6.5였다. 감자한천배지(PDA)배양시 광조건(형광등 12시간주기)보다는 암조건에서 더 많은 포자를 형성하였다. 이 균의 포자발아 온도범위는 $10\~35^{\circ}C$이고, 최적온도는 $20^{\circ}C$이였다. 포자발아는 $24^{\circ}C$에서 8시간 배양 후 시작되었으며, 포자발아율은 포자현탁액의 농도가 $5{\times}10^7/ml$보다 $5{\times}10^5/ml$나 $5{\times}10^6/ml$에서 높았다. 이 균은 탄소원으로는 dextrin을, 질소원으로는 neopepton을 가장 잘 이용하였다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.289-297
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• 2003

Using Agrobacterium-me야ated transformation method the auxin-regulated cotton GST (Gh-5) constructs were used to transform Rehmannia glutinosa L. The PCR analysis was conducted to verify transgenicity. Based on the PCR analysis, there was verified that the 988 bp DNA band had showed in transgenic plant genomes in PCR anaJysis using Gh5-1 and Gh5-2 primers. The effects of cocultivation with Agrobacterium tumefaciens, regeneration and selection conditions on the transformation efficiency of Chinese foxglove (Rehmannia glutinosa L.) were investigated. Factors such as cocultivation period, use of acetosyringone, postcultivation in darkness, and different kanamycin concentrations for selection were assessed. In vitro regeneration, the number of leaves, shoot lengths and numbers on MS medium were superior to on B5 and WPM medium, and the shoot formation rate was highest level of 95% in cultured base part containing leaf stalk. Addition of acetosyringone at concentration of $200{\mu}M$ to cocultivation medium and 3-day of cocultivation improved transformation frequencies. Exposure of explants to darkness for 4 weeks on selection medium resulted in further increased the regeneration frequency of transgenic shoots. In PCR analysis, the amplified fragments of Gh5 gene were detected (988 bp), and GST-expressing transgenic R. glutinosa L. plants had approximately three-fold higher activity in leaf extracts compared with control plant.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.124-130
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• 1998

It failed occasionally to take a reasonable emergence rate since tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) seeds were planted on late Jan. showing lowest temperature. This experiment was done to measure the effect of GA3 (concentration ; period) , light quality (red ; white ; dark) during or after its treatment, daily irradiation hours( 0 ; 8 ; 12 ;16) and germination termperature (20 or 10 $^{\circ}C$ ocnstant ; 20/1$0^{\circ}C$ alternating) on the germination rate. Red and white light given during grmination showed no differences between the other daily irradiation hours except that 8 hours red light delayed germination although their 12 hours irradiation had the gratest rate. The rate was increased with increased concentration to GA3 0.01 mM or increased imbibition period to 3 days although the rate of cv. NC 82 was less than that of cv. Burley 21 in the case of dark imbibition of GA3 but daily 12 hours irradiation during germination. Light quality forced during GA3 imbibition eliminated such effect of GA3 shown in the darkness so that only light quality pretreatment and termperature during germinition were affected on the rate. The germination rate of thecultivars was decreased in the order of red, white light, darkness meaning that it was highly influenced by the light quality during GA3 treatment. Regardless of GA3 or light quality treatment,on the other hand, the rate was greater in 20 $^{\circ}C$ constat than 1$0^{\circ}C$ constant and 20/1$0^{\circ}C$ alternating germination temperature having similar germinative patterns.

• 한국식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물학회 1999년도 제13회 식물생명공학심포지움 New Approaches to Understand Gene Function in Plants and Application to Plant Biotechnology
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• pp.63-67
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• 1999

We have isolated more than a dozen cDNA clones corresponding to genes that were expressed in Arabidopsis leaves when they were kept in the dark. The nucleotide sequence analysis showed that some of the clones encoded proteins with significant homology to $\beta$-glucosidase (din2), branched-chain $\alpha$-keto acid dehydrogenase subunit E1$\beta$(din3), and another subunit E2 (din4), yeast RAD23 (din5), asparagine synthetase (din6), pre-mRNA splicing factor SRp35 (din7), phosphomannose isomerase (din9), seed imbibition protein (din10), and 2-oxoacid-dependent oxidase (din11). Accumulation of transcripts from din3,4,6 and 10 occurred rapidly after the plants were transferred to darkness. Transcripts from din2,9, and 11 could be detected only after 24 h of dark treatment. Inhibition of photo-synthesis by DCMU strongly induced the accumulation of transcripts from those genes, and application of sucrose to detached leaves suppressed the accumulation both in the dark and by DCMU. These observations indicate that expression of the genes is caused by sugar starvation resulted from the cessation of photosynthesis. We further showed that din2-encoded protein also accumulated in senescing leaves. Given these results, possible roles of din genes in leaves in the dark and senescing leaves are discussed.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.239-249
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• 2013

본 연구는 중증 장애 자녀를 돌보는 어머니의 삶의 과정을 탐색하기 위하여 수행되었다. 연구 참여자는 중증장애 자녀를 돌보는 어머니 17명이며 참여자들과의 심층면담은 2010년 1월부터 2011년 5월까지 진행되었고 참여자 1명당 3~7회의 면담을 진행하였다. 연구 결과 119개의 개념과 41개의 하위범주, 20개의 범주가 도출되었다. 참여자들의 중증장애 자녀를 돌보는 삶의 과정은 '막막함', '암흑 속에 갇힘', '마음 다잡기', '일어섬', '삶의 재발견' 단계로 나타났다. 선택코딩에서 핵심범주는 '암흑 속에 갇힌 삶에서 벗어나 새삶 찾기'로 나타났으며 참여자들은 개인, 가족, 사회적 수준에서 암흑 속의 삶을 벗어나 다른 사람들과 관계를 회복하고 세상과 더불어 삶의 의미와 가치를 실현시키며 살아가는 경험을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과를 토대로 현재 시행되고 있는 장애인 복지정책 및 사회복지제도가 보완되고, 나아가 중증장애 자녀를 돌보는 어머니들을 지원할 수 있는 새로운 정책형성을 제안한다.

• 복식
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• 제64권8호
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• pp.20-36
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• 2014

This research aims to identify and analyze the expression elements and features of Goth style observed in clothing of unique characters in movies directed by Tim Burton, and to build the database on diverse features movie costumes, so that such data can be used to develop new fashion design. The research-classified features of Goth style into romanticism overturns Satanism, grief, and sensuality. The results are as follow; First, Goth expressed romanticism by reminding the gloom and fear of medieval times through the image of clowns, medieval knights, werewolves and vampires. Second, The costumes in Tim Burton's movies overthrew the rules in reality using flexible changes, ambiguity of gender, distorted human beings, half-man-half-beasts, and ghost images. Furthermore, the positive expression on characters in gloomy and fearful costumes showed the overturn of common idea and value system in a society. Third, Tim Burton created fear using the image of a live dead body, shape of a devil, shape of death. Also, accessories suddenly changed into arms in his movies. He expressed Satanism by positively describing satanic shapes and shapes meaning death. Next, characters in Tim Burton's movies are mainly losers, aliens or outsiders. Sorrow, alienation and darkness inside them expressed the sadness through embodiment of mean animals in darkness, masks, veils and extreme black costumes. Finally, Sensuality was rarely shown in Tim Burton's movies, but expressed in various ways including pursuit of new beauty in excessive exposure, skintight silhouette, suggestion on sexualized violence and frightfulness.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.12-26
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• 2014

이 연구에서는 교통사고 영향요인 중 야간의 시인성 저하가 교통사고 발생에 미치는 영향을 진단하였다. 연구를 위해 경기지역의 경부선, 서해안선, 영동선, 서울외곽순환고속도로의 기본구간을 58개의 소구간으로 분할하였고, 2009년에서 2012년 상반기까지 소구간에서 발생한 교통사고 410건을 이용하여 야간의 어두움으로 인한 시인성 저하가 교통사고에 미치는 영향을 진단하였다. 실험방법은 준실험설계를 준용하여 시인성 외 교통사고에 영향을 주는 변인을 통제하고 음이항 회귀분석을 활용하였다. 조사 결과, 맑음 기상조건에서의 LOS A 상태 등 특정조건에서 주간과 야간의 시인성 차이가 교통사고 발생에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 진단되었다. 그리고 진단 결과를 이용하여 교통사고의 유형과 원인에 대하여 다양한 분석을 시도하였다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.122-130
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• 1968

Action of various wavelengths of visible light on ultraviolet-radiation damage to haploid yeast cells, Saccharomyces cerevisiae 23971, was studied. The results were obtained on the basis of the survival and respiration rates by pre- and post-illuminations of various wavelengths before and after U.V.-irradiations on the yeast cells. Among the wavelengths tested, 635 $m{\mu}$, 429 $m{\mu}$ and white light which caused increase of respiration in pre-treatment alone, induced less resistance to the U. V.-damage than in the control, in both pre- and U.V.-treatment. On the contrary, such wavelengths as 574 $m{\mu}$and 530 $m{\mu}$, showing a weak effect on respiration in pre-treatment increased the susceptability to U.V.-radiation. Photoinactivation was generally obtained by both pre- and post- illuminations along with U.V.-treatment. At 635 $m{\mu}$ the PI rate was the lowest and also a low PI rate was shown at 429 $m{\mu}$. But 429 $m{\mu}$, in the post-treatment of the yeast cells pre-treated by the white light and the darkness respectively, showed the highest PI rate. In both pre- and post- treatment of 574, 530 and 473 $m{\mu}$,the PI rates were high to the same degree. Post-treatments of the wavelengths on U.V.-treated yeasts incubated rather under the white light than the darkness induced lower PI rate. It is assumed that there are great differences in action even of the same wavelength, depending upon the various combination of pre- and post-treatments, and that, moreover, the action of various wavelengths of visible light on U.V.-damage on the cells are concerned with the doses and dose rates of U.V. and visible lights. These observations led to an interpretation that each wavelength of visible light might exert distinctively different effects oil U. V.-damage, mainly causing the inhibition or stimulation of enzymes in the yeast cells.