• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.647-654
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• 2015

A prostrate species of Codium (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta) was collected from Daejin on the eastern coast of Korea. This alga is morphologically characterized by a prostrate, adherent or pulvinate, dark green thallus that is tightly attached to substratum. The utricles are strongly grouped and cylindrical to slightly clavate. Their apex is rounded to capitated, and it frequently has an alveolate ornament. Hair scars are found in the upper portion of the utricle. The gametangia grow on a short pedicel in the upper part of the utricle. In the phylogenetic tree based on molecular data, this alga is placed in the same clade as C. mozambiquense in UPGMA analysis, and nests in a sister clade of C. lucasii subsp. capense and C. mozambiquense in ML and NJ analyses. However, the genetic distance between the sequences of the Korean alga and the two species is 1.3-1.9%, while that between the Korean alga and C. lucasii from Japan is 1.1% within intraspecific range. The divergence value between the Korean alga and C. lucasii from the type locality (Australia) is 2.7% considered to be interspecific range. As based on this genetic divergence value, the Korean alga together with Japanese C. lucasii can be separated from genuine C. lucasii from the type locality. However, the Korean alga is identified as C. lucasii until those entities are morphologically characterized in species level. This is the first record of C. lucasii in Korea

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.243-249
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• 1983

Absorption pattern of potassium, calcium, phosphate and nitrate ions, and the pH change during ion-absorption at pH 3.0-11.0 by Oryza sativa L. were studied to investigate indirectly the evidence of H^+-efflux by ATPase. The rice seedlings which were grown either in $L^{\circ} -dark or in L^+-sunlight$, were used both in each ion-absorption to compare with one another. The uptake rate of these ions appeared to favor more in $L^+than in L^{\circ}$, over all range in pH, nearly with the same pattern. The absorption of potassium resulted in bell shape and that of calcium increased linearly to the alkali range. The shape of phosphate-absorption showed nearly the t-distribution curve with high value in acid range and the uptake of nitrate resulted in the dual peaks, but higher in acid range. The pH of the external solution changed from the range of 3.5-11.0 to 3.5-7.0 after lhr-absorptioin, and further acidified after 3hr-absorption. It is suggested that the pH change of the external solution be affected by $ H^+-efflux$ which may be caused by the ATP-hydrolysis.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2006

Tannin treatment has been used for improving the color fastness of dyed materials. In natural dyeing, the tannin treatment is highly effective in improving the fastness. The chitosan treatment also improves the fastness and depth of shade in natural dyeing. In this study, the effects of tannin and chitosan pre-treatment on the color and fastness in loess dyeing were investigated. Cotton woven fabric specimens and cotton knit fabric specimens were pre-treated with chitosan solution in acetic acid, and the specimens were then treated with or without tannin. The specimens were finally dyed with loess. The tannin treatment decreased the K/S values, while the chitosan treatment increased the K/S. Both the tannin treatment and the chitosan treatment increased the wash fastness and light fastness. In tannin treatment, tannin component and Fe component of loess may react together to decrease the lightness and develop dark color. For maintaining inherent color of the loess, it is much preferable to employ chitosan treatment rather than tannin treatment.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제37권12호
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• pp.1-11
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to investigate the color preference of women living in Seoul, to provide materials which is useful for setting up the color plan for a better costume, and to suggest new information in the apparel study. This study is done on the basis of color preference only by age and the range of this study restricted on womens' clothes. The subjects of this research are 1,100 young adult women and 1,244 elderly women photographed in the street. The data are analyzed by frequency and percentage. The results of this study are as follows ; The preference of chromatic color and achromatic color, tint and tone, pattern of textiles are different mainly by age. 1. Elderly women prefer achromatic colors to chromatic colors. The most preferred achromatic color is black, especially elderly women prefer black. 2. Analysis of tint shows that blue, red and yellow red are commonly preferred by women. Especially blue is preferred by young women : red and yellow red are preferred by elderly women. 3. Analysis of tone shows that vivid, pale, dark tones are commonly preferred by women. Especially vivid tone is preferred by elderly women, while pale tone is preferred by young women 4. Analysis of pattern of textiles shows at, pattern textiles are preferred by elderly women rather than by young women. The most preferred pattern for elderly women is a flower pattern, and for young women a stripe pattern.

• Mycobiology
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.199-202
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• 2008

Inonotus obliquus is a fungus that causes white heart rot on several broad-leaved species. This fungus forms typical charcoal-black, sterile conks (chaga) or cinder conks on infected stems of the birche (Betula spp). The dark brown pulp of the sterile conk is formed by a pure mycelial mass of fungus. Chaga are a folk remedy in Russia, reflecting the circumboreal distribution of I. obliquus in boreal forest ecosystems on Betula spp. and in meridional mountain forests on beech (Fagus spp.) in Russia, Scandinavia, Central Europe, and Eastern Europe. Distribution at lower latitudes in Western and Southern Europe, Northern America, Asia, Japan, and Korea is rare. Infected trees grow for many years without several symptoms of decline. The infection can penetrate through stem injuries with exterior sterile conks developing later. In the Czech Republic, cinder conk is found on birches inhabiting peat bogs and in mountain areas with a colder and more humid climate, although it is widespread in other broad leaved species over the Czech Republic. The most common hosts are B. pendula, B. pubescens, B. carpatica, and F. sylvatica. Less frequent hosts include Acer campestre, Acer pseudoplatanus, Alnus glutinosa, Alnus incana, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus cerris, Q. petraea, Q. robur, Q. delachampii, and Ulmus sp.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 한국균학회 2015년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.14-14
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• 2015

Cellular aspects of sooty mold on walnut leaves were investigated by using light and electron microscopy. A black coating developed on the adaxial leaf surface of a walnut tree. No infestations were found on the abaxial leaf surface with peltate glandular trichomes. Light microscopy showed that fungal complexes from the leaf surface were composed of brown conidia and hyphae. Conidia, with longitudinal and transverse septa, were variable in length ranging from 10 to $30{\mu}m$, and commonly found in clusters, forming microsclerotia. Neither epidermal penetration nor hyphal entrance to host tissues was observed. Based on their morphological characteristics, the fungal complexes were assumed to be Capnodium species. An electron-dense melanized layer was present on the cell wall of multi-celled conidia. Concentric bodies in the fungal cytoplasm had an electron-translucent core surrounded by an electron-dense margin with a fibrillar sheath. Chloroplasts without starch granules in the palisade mesophyll cells of sooty leaves had electron-dense stromata and swollen plastoglobuli. These results suggest that the epiphytic growth of fungal complexes can be attributed to the melanized layer and concentric bodies against a water-deficient environment on the leaf surface. Ultrastructural characteristics of the sooty leaves indicate typical features of dark-adapted and non-photosynthetic shade leaves.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.106-110
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• 2017

The developmental responses of insects to temperature are important considerations in gaining a better understanding of their ecology and life histories. Temperature dependent models permit examination of the effect of temperature on the geographical distributions, population dynamics, and management of insects. The measurements of insect developmental and survival responses to temperature pose practical challenges that depend. The developmental characteristics of A. diaperinus were investigated at four temperature regimes (20, 25, 30 and $35^{\circ}C$), a relative humidity of 60%, and a light:dark photoperiod of 16:8h. The developmental time from larva to adult was 129.0, 49.8, 40.5 and 31.9 days at temperatures of 20, 25, 30 and $35^{\circ}C$, respectively. Pupal rate was 80.0%, 100%, 83.3% and 91.7% at temperatures of 20, 25, 30 and 35 respectively. There is an increasing need for a standardized manual for rearing this. Pupa had significantly lower weights at $35^{\circ}C$ than at the other temperatures. Female pupae (20mg) were significantly heavier than male (17mg).

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.60-65
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• 1994

침엽수 계통의 많은 수종은 가해하는 솔잎벌(Nesodiprion japonicus{{{{( { M}_{ ARLATT}) }}}}) 생태중 생활사에 관하여 조사한 것을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 성충은 1년 2회 발생하였으며, 암컷과 수컷이 같은 색 (검정)이고, 암컷의 몸체는 수컷보다 굵고 크며 촉각은 빗살모양으로 수컷이 암컷보다 크다. 성충의 수명은 3~4일, 우화율은 92% 성비는 6(female): 4(male)로 나타났다. 성충은 침엽의 조직내에 1입씩 산란하며 산란된 배 입은 각색으로 변한다. 란 기간은 $14.3\pm$1.2일이었으며, 란의모양은 짧은 바나나형이고 등황색을 띠며 크기는 $2.4\pm$0.2mm 이다. 유충기간은 $30.3\pm$2.1일이고, 크기는 $20.1\pm$2.2mm이다. 두정에는 흑빈이 있고 몸체는 광택이 있는 녹생으로서 전후야란은 황색을 띠고 있다. 노숙유충이 되면 녹색이 연녹색으로 변하고 두정의 흑반도 없어진 후 1회 발생 때의 유충은 솔잎의 기부에 , 2회 대의 유충은 지피물 사이에 고치를 짓고 융화한다. 전용기는 $14.3\pm$2.0일이였고, 크기느 $10.1\pm$0.2mm이다. 용기간은 $12.2\pm$1.3일이었으며, 크기는 $10.1\pm$0.2mm이다.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.112-128
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• 2015

본 연구는 전통민속마을에 대한 정체성을 고찰하고자 중국 천저하 민속마을을 대상으로 전통 민속마을의 색채적 특성을 분석하였다. 연구방법으로 한국표준색분석(KSCA: Korea Standard Color Analysis) 프로그램을 이용하여 색채를 분석하고 'I.R.I 형용사 Image Scale'을 통해 색채이미지에 대한 특성을 도출하였다. 이에 따른 연구결과로 첫째, 천저하마을의 색상 분포는 YR, R, Y, GY 계열의 순으로 나타났고, G계열과 BG계열, B계열은 전혀 나타나지 않은 반면 YR계열의 색상이 많은 것이 두드러진 특징이다. 둘째, 명도와 채도에 있어서는 전체가 중명도와 저채도에 해당하는 색채로 이루어져 있었다. 특히 상업고택에서만 고채도가 추출되었고 나머지는 모두 저채도 위주의 중 저채도의 색채로 이루어져 있었다. 셋째, KS계통색(KS Color System)의 분석 결과 대부분 어두운 색이 도출되었으며 그중에서도 어두운 적회색과 갈회색이 많은 부분을 차지하고 있었다. 넷째, 마을의 전체적인 분위기는 정적이고 딱딱한 분위기이고 점잖은 이미지로 조사되었다. 이상의 연구를 통해 전통마을의 보전 관리에 있어 추출 된 색채 팔레트를 참고하여 국가와 지역적 특색이 반영된 색채계획이 필요할 것으로 본다. 더불어 해당 마을의 문화가 반영된 색채는 보전하고 주변 환경과의 조화를 고려한 색채계획을 적용한다면 민속마을의 정체성 있는 색채 연출에 도움이 될 것으로 기대한다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.168-173
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• 2015

이 연구에서 후쿠시마 원전 폭발과 같은 사고 발생 시 방사선이나 방사성 핵종에 의한 생물학적 영향을 평가할 수 있는 야생 동물지표로서 성축 등줄쥐(A. a. coreae) 활용 가능성을 평가하였다. 이 연구를 위하여 야외 채집한 등줄쥐를 실험실에서 교배하고 생산된 새끼가 약 40주령이 되었을 때 털 색깔, 외부형태, 두개골, 치아 특성을 관찰하고 분류학적 특성을 정리하였다. 방사선에 대한 신체 반응도를 평가하기 위하여 방사선 조사(0, 0.5, 1, 2 Gy) 24시간 후에 장기무게를 관찰한 결과 흉선만이 감소하였다. 방사선에 민감한 장기 가운데 하나인 비장 세포고사는 선량에 비례하여 증가하였지만, 0.5 Gy 조사된 개체에서는 감소하였다. 앞으로 야생 등줄쥐 신체 장기별 방사선 민감도 차이를 세포 및 분자생물학적 수준에서 해석함으로써 방사선 피폭 사고시 신체영향을 평가할 수 있는 방법론 도출이 가능할 것이라 생각된다.