• Trans-
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• v.2
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• pp.1-38
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• 2017

Dance, as an art which expresses thoughts and emotions by movement human, is included in work that its copyright has to be protected, choreographers who are creators and dancers who are performing can exercise their rights included in copyright laws. However, artists who work in the dancing scene have lack of awareness about copyrights and the application level is low. The purpose of this thesis is to look into the current status and issues about dance copyright and to discuss activation plans and effectiveness plans for dance copyrights. The main point is to check into the level of awareness for dance copyrights with choreographers, dancers and students majoring in dance who are in charge of the art of dancing, to present issues about the necessity of the dance copyrights protection plans by analyzing interviews-in-depth and to prepare the dance copyrights protection plans which are concretely realistic. For the research methods, first, I looked into ideas and contents about copyrights through a document research and then, wanted to prepare theoretical background by reviewing actual cases of performing art copyrights related to dance. Next, I carried out surveys about awareness of copyrights with students majoring in dance, choreographers and dancers then carried out analysis of actual proof. Also, I chose three famous dancers who are actively performing in the current dancing scene and did interviews-in-depth about dance copyrights then carried out a recording analysis. I tried to complement the analysis by discussing deeper which I couldn't deal with in the previous surveys and to contemplate awareness activation of dance copyrights and plans. As a result of the research, the level of the awareness about dance copyrights through age, major, education and career was very low. The level of awareness was almost same compared to the previous research 10 years ago. 'Music', which can be an element of copyright issue in dance, was the highest in rate, and dance was recognized as an art which is combined with various elements as a combination work. The way of protection for works of choreography and performance only used data preservation and contracts and didn't register copyrights or record in dace notation. Majority of responders answered that they couldn't have any education about copyrights while they were recognizing the necessity of education and management for copyrights. The analysis of interviews-in-depth was also matched to the result of the previous surveys and a deeper discussion about the status of dance copyrights and issues was carried out. The plans of effectiveness for dance copyrights through the result of previous research are as followings. First, an advanced education is necessary above all to increase the awareness and application of copyrights in dancing scene. Long-term education like study curriculums and short-term education like special courses and seminars should be combined, and education about copyrights for dance groups, choreographers, dancers and students majoring in dance should keep on going. Second, revision of performing art works is necessary for the activation of dance copyrights, and establishing a dance copyright association to manage copyrights systematically and training dance copyright experts are necessary as well. Third, as the way of copyright protection for choreographers and dancers, an establishment for relation gain and loss about copyrights is necessary when creating dance works and performing, and registration of dance works should be activated. Also, the dancing scene should sign contracts for choreography and performance and this contract culture should be activated, and it should systematically preserve and manage choreography and performance records through basic ways. Hereby, it is considered to prepare a foundation to foster the awareness of dance copyrights and activate dance copyrights.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.55 no.5 s.95
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• pp.78-86
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• 2005

Marek(말액) is the headgear, which is a form of hempen hoods[Geon(건)] and the origin of it is Pa(파) of band form. A history book of an old Chinese country Post-Han $\ll$ History of HouHan (후한서)$\gg$ had recorded that a soldier wore a red band around his head that was called Pa(파). In the Han dynasty(한대), Pa had been transformed into Chaek(책) or a kind of a hemp rap(건) while e headgear had still remained as the band form and called Marek from e Tang era(당). The literatures of the Tang era had referred the red Marek of soldiers, and other literatures of the later period had recorded that of the previous headgears of the band form were related with Marek. Since the Tang era, white or yellow Marek except red one fer soldiers had been were by soldiers, musicians, dancers and singers in Yuan(원) and Ming(명) of China. The colors was recorded in red on documents mostly, this red implicated soldiers for symbol of terror. This fart was documented in an old history book $\ll$The history of 25 Eras(이십오사)$\gg$, On the other side, a wall painting in Princess Jeonghyo(정효공주)'s tomb of the Parhae(발해) period described the portraits of twelve persons, and among them, two Siwui(시위) put on the red Marek. Quoted from the record of a history book of the Tang era system , a history book of Three Kingdoms(삼국시대) of ancient Korea $\ll$Samguksaki(삼국사기)$\gg$ described that four dancers of Kogryo(고구려) wore Marek on their heads with the costumes of Koguryo, one of those Kingdoms. In consideration that the book of $\ll$Tongjun$\gg$ was the literature of the Tang era so that Marek mentioned in this book was followed by their name, the Marek of Koguryo dancers shown in the history book $\ll$Samguksaki(삼국사기)$\gg$ might be a kind of Koguryo style hemp cap[Geon(건)]. The Marek of Parhae had succeeded to the headgear of Koguryo and the identity was on Koguryo.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.283-284
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 심신훈련법이 무용에 어떻게 흡수되고 있는지 알아보고, 이 심신훈련법들을 수행하고 있는 국내 무용가들의 현황을 조사한 연구이다. 심신훈련법으로는 요가, 알렉산더 테크닉, 펠든크라이스로 제한하였다. 국내 무용가들은 요가, 알렉산더 테크닉, 펠든크라이스 가운데 펠든크라이스에 많은 수의 무용가들이 치중되어 있었다. 추후, 일상적으로 행해지는 국내 무용가들의 심신훈련법들과 그들에 춤에 대한 양적 질적 연구가 확대되어야 한다.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.105-119
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• 2010

The style of costumes which dancers put on for dancing on a stage reflects the times, culture, and traditionality of movements in dancing. Accordingly, everyday dresses are adopted as the stage costumes in some cases and stage costumes lead the trend in other cases. Furthermore, like stage costumes in other genres, dancing costumes put more emphasis on expressive features in the functions of clothing unlike everyday dresses. In particular, dancing costumes shall sufficiently and delicately express each movement using the costumes as well as rhythms and melodies of music for dance. Ballet which is the representative western dance was derived from the world "Ballare" meaning "dance" in Italian. As shown in the change of word, ballet started in Italy. In Italy taking initiatives for all artistic activities in Europe as leading Renaissance in the 15th century, ballet started as the court dance and favored by French. Then, ballet flourished in France and was developed to the Romantic ballet in the 19th century. During the Renaissance, the early stage of ballet development the dancers put on the dresses which were in fashion at that time on the stage. The dancing costumes added the decorative features suitable for the characteristics of main actors or actresses and contents of dances to the dresses in fashion at relevant times in 17th and 18th century. "Panier", the dancing costume in the 18th century, was sensationally popular among women. As described above, the study on the features of dancing costumes by times not only arranges the costumes in each times but also investigates emotions and artistic and aesthetic values of those who lived in the relevant times. Furthermore, it is the way to experience the height of fantasy and beauty.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.161-170
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• 2012

Based on the qualitative analysis, 4 factors of dance giftedness were operationally defined and test items were initially developed accordingly. The preliminary test data obtained from 206 dancers was analyzed, using item analysis and a series of reliability analyses. In order to dancer the construct validity, four exploratory factor analyses were conducted for 54 items, resulting in 20 items of 4 factors; physique, dance attitude Expressiveness and creativity, movement ability. A confirmatory factor analysis conducted for 292 dancers to test the goodness-of-fit of 4 factor model revealed a satisfactory level of $x^2$, Q, root mean square residual(RMR), goodness of fit index(GFI), Tucker-Lewis index(TLI), comparative fit index(CFI), root mean square error of approximation(RMSEA). The concurrent and cross validity indices proved the validity of 20 items of 4 factors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.59 no.10
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• pp.137-150
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• 2009

Performance costumes are an important element in the stages which set the tones and embody characters in the performances. This study focuses on Gisaeng's costumes in folk dance performances when Korea experienced modernization from Joseon Dynasty, and aims to examine the features of the costumes as well as how the costumes both influenced, and got influenced by, the rapidly changing society. Gisaeng had been legal entertainment performers of the government in the Joseon Dynasty and, despite careful training and talents, had inferior social status in Joseon's social hierarchy system. In the modern society, a new system of Gisaeng emerged and the first public theater opened. The advent of theaters changed performance stages and the ways performances are conducted. This study investigated Gisaeng's performance costumes by the type of folk dances, such as monk dance, palace dance, Salfuri dance, Jangu dance, and Ip dance. The study brings light to three conclusions. First, as folk dances which had been performed by civil dancers were spread to Gisaeng, Gisaeng's costumes absorbed the costumes of civil dancers. Also, royal costumes appeared in folk dance performances. This can be viewed as mixture of royal and folk dance costumes, resulted from interactions between Gisaeng and civil art performers associated with the modernizing society and the weakening of the old hierarchical class system. Second, as performing arts on stages were modernizing, performance costumes changed accordingly. Thirdly, Giseang's costumes in folk dances also adapted the introduction of the western culture, which largely influenced the fashion trends of people in the early modern society in Korea.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.176-183
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• 2011

This paper is intended on providing solutions for overcoming constraints to the transmission of the Important Intangible Cultural Properties related to dance successors. For accommodating this approach, six career dancers, from the Dance Society of the Important Intangible Cultural Properties, were invited as the research participants for this study. The In-Depth Interviews and the classification analysis are used as a way of structuring and understanding my observations about these tasks. These interviews have also been verified by an expert group. In conclusion, this study identifies numerous obstacles which can restrict the transmission of the Important Intangible Cultural Properties are as follows; first, the dance successors are constrained by personal reasons such as physical strength and mutual understanding at home; second, the dance successors are affected by the structural constraint of programs such as required time for the completion of training, efficiency of the training program and the educational environment; third, the dance successors are constrained by personal relations such as the relationship between themselves, or between the dance successors and holders of Important Intangible Cultural Properties. Suggested solutions for overcoming the constraints to training programs are; building small sized training centers throughout the country; making training time realistic for individuals; and making programs to train the dancers as well as making it sociable.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.45-60
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• 2008

This study reports a court dress culture in 1719 shown in the Scene of a Royal Banquet given by the King at Gyeong-hyeon-dang(景賢堂) of Gisagyecheop(耆社契帖). It can be summarized as follows: First, King Suk-jong(肅宗) attending a Royal Banquet for members of the Hall of Elder Statement wore the Ikseonkwan decorated with flowers, red Gollyongpo, Okdae, and Heukpiwha. The Crown Prince(王世子) also wore the Ikseonkwan decorated with flowers, black Goliyongpo, Okdae, and Heukpiwha. Second, senior statesmen(耆老臣) over the age 70 wore Sarno, Heukdallyeong with a crane rank tablet, belt, and black boots. Royal family members and officers also wore Samo, Heukdallyeong with a crane or silver pheasant rank tablet, belt, and black boots. Third, Sakum(司禁) of King's body guards wore Yungbok and Muyaebyulgam(武藝別監) wore Ja-geon and the green Jikryeong. Ui-jang-gun(儀仗軍) wore Pirip and Hongui, Haengjeon, and Unhae. Saboksikwan(司僕侍官) wore Samo, Heukdallyeong, belt, black boots, and a sword. Fourth, boy dancers(舞童) wore Buyongkwan, Kwanbok, skirt, belt, and black boots. Cheoyong-dancers(處容舞童) wore outfits in fine colors, wide pants, skirt, mask with an earring, gold colored belt, and white colored sandal. Hyeopryulrang(協律郞) wore Sarno and Heukdallyeong. Jipbak(執拍) wore Morabokdu and Noksaui, and Ak-kong(樂工) wore Whawhabokdu, Hongju-ui, Ojungdae, and Heukpiwha. Singer(歌童) wore Jajeok-dugeon, nokju-ui, and jajeokdae.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.403-407
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• 2013

Fouett$\acute{e}$ turns are repeated pirouettes which begin as a normal pirouette en dehors but include a movement that allows the rotational momentum lost to friction to be regained once each revolution. The purpose of this study was to investigate on orientation density of head/trunk to the front with and without music to which dancers perform the Fouette turn in time. 10 female dancers($21.0{\pm}1.4$ years old, height; $165.3{\pm}3.9$ cm, weight: $50.5{\pm}5.7$ kg) who are the students of S University participated in this study. It took shorter time to perform one revolution of fouette turn with music (930 ms) than without music (961 ms), which reason may be the shorter time of phase 2 in which the rotational momentum is not produced but lost to fiction. Orientation density of trunk to the front was smaller with music (.176) than without music (.196), while the one of head had not significant difference between with and without music. And the path length of marker on $2^{nd}$ left metatarsal bone during one revolution was smaller with music (35.7 cm) than without music (40.2 cm) but the difference was not statistically significant (p=.267).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.1-18
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• 2015

The subject of study is about the illustrations of the round collar Po(袍類) in the Akhak-gwebeom(樂學軌範) which was published in 1493. These illustrations are painted records of what musicians and dancers in the palace were wearing during performances. While each illustration of the Po is similar in that they all have round collars, each has a different name Sam(衫), Ui(衣), Dallyeong(團領) and formative characteristics, and these features were analyze in the study. Sam refers to the Gongbok(公服) as it has long and big sized sleeves, Ui is the word used to represent the basic unit of outerwear, and Dallyeong is believed to refer to the Sibok(時服) and Sangbok(常服). In the formative aspects, Sam's auxiliary sleeve is one of the ways wearing the sleeve of innerwear shown outward and it's assumed to have been produced for visually matching the formal look as well as the convenience free to use of hands. The Mu of Dan-ui(丹衣) is less than the number of the excavated artifacts, it produced in a relatively simplified form. Also, illustration of Dallyeong corresponds to the artifacts and configuration of the 15th to 16th centuries, the costume culture of that time seems to be reflected specifically. While Hyungbae(胸背) used in the form of rectangles and circles such as petals. it tried to represent the country at the official event by borrowing the upper class in the costume that musicians and dancers wear, also showed the rank and social status symbolically by having the differences in the shape and pattern. While the costume culture at the time is reflected, it can be found that the objective of raising the country's dignity is implied by transforming the detailed structure for the practicality, borrowing the costume elements of the high social status and transformed them.