• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.51-59
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• 2019

A hybrid mid-story seismic isolation system with a smart damper has been proposed to mitigate seismic responses of tall buildings. Based on previous research, a hybrid mid-story seismic isolation system can provide effective control performance for reduction of seismic responses of tall buildings. Structural design of the hybrid mid-story seismic isolation system is generally performed after completion of structural design of a building structure. This design concept is called as an iterative design which is a general design process for structures and control devices. In the iterative design process, optimal design solution for the structure and control system is changed at each design stage. To solve this problem, the integrated optimal design method for the hybrid mid-story seismic isolation system and building structure was proposed in this study. An existing building with mid-story isolation system, i.e. Shiodome Sumitomo Building, was selected as an example structure for more realistic study. The hybrid mid-story isolation system in this study was composed of MR (magnetorheological) dampers. The stiffnessess and damping coefficients of the example building, maximum capacity of MR damper, and stiffness of isolation bearing were simultaneously optimized. Multi-objective genetic optimization method was employed for the simultaneous optimization of the example structure and the mid-story seismic isolation system. The optimization results show that the simultaneous optimization method can provide better control performance than the passive mid-story isolation system with reduction of structural materials.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2019

Control algorithms are the most important aspects in successful control of structures against earthquakes. In recent years, intelligent control methods rather than classical control methods have been more considered by researchers, due to some specific capabilities such as handling nonlinear and complex systems, adaptability, and robustness to errors and uncertainties. However, due to lack of learning ability of fuzzy controller, it is used in combination with a genetic algorithm, which in turn suffers from some problems like premature convergence around an incorrect target. Therefore in this research, the introduction and design of the Fuzzy Cooperative Coevolution (Fuzzy CoCo) controller and Adaptive Neural-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) have been innovatively presented for semi-active seismic control. In this research, in order to improve the seismic behavior of structures, a semi-active control of building using Magneto Rheological (MR) damper is proposed to determine input voltage of Magneto Rheological (MR) dampers using ANFIS and Fuzzy CoCo. Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used to optimize the performance of controllers. In this paper, the design of controllers is based on the reduction of the Park-Ang damage index. In order to assess the effectiveness of the designed control system, its function is numerically studied on a 9-story benchmark building, and is compared to those of a Wavelet Neural Network (WNN), fuzzy logic controller optimized by genetic algorithm (GAFLC), Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) and Clipped Optimal Control (COC) systems in terms of seismic performance. The results showed desirable performance of the ANFIS and Fuzzy CoCo controllers in considerably reducing the structure responses under different earthquakes; for instance ANFIS and Fuzzy CoCo controllers showed respectively 38 and 46% reductions in peak inter-story drift ($J_1$) compared to the LQG controller; 30 and 39% reductions in $J_1$ compared to the COC controller and 3 and 16% reductions in $J_1$ compared to the GAFLC controller. When compared to other controllers, one can conclude that Fuzzy CoCo controller performs better.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.494-500
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• 2020

선박 운용에 있어 가장 어려운 과정 중의 하나가 접안작업이고, 따라서 도선사 및 예인선의 도움이 반드시 필요하다. 그 외 접안작업을 도울 수 있는 도구는 안벽에 설치된 고무형 펜더가 전부라 할 수 있다. 이러한 고무형 펜더의 한계를 극복하기 위해 짧은 범위에서 길이조정이 가능한 펜더기술이 개발되었으나 여전히 접안작업의 불편함은 크게 해소되지 못한 실정이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는, 접안작업의 안전성과 신속성을 개선할 수 있는 새로운 개념의 접안지원기술을 제안한다. 실린더형 펜더와 윈치시스템으로 구성하였으며, 펜더 스트로크 및 윈치-로우프의 장력조정으로 접안선박의 이동속도 및 안벽과의 거리제어가 가능하다. 또한 이동식으로 구성하여 선박의 접안위치에 따라 신속하게 대응할 수 있다. 개발한 시스템의 유용성을 평가하기 위해 실선을 대상으로 한 현장실험을 수행하였으며, 그 결과를 본 논문에서 소개한다.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.241-251
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• 2022

연구목적: 고층 건물 화재시 제연구역이 효과적으로 보호되지 않으면 수직피난경로에 연기나 화염이 유입되어 대피가 어려워진다. 국가화재안전기준에서는 제연구역에 차압 및 방연풍속을 공급하여 능동적으로 연기 유입을 억제하고, 제연구역으로부터 옥내로 유입되는 공기는 옥외로 배출되도록 하고 있다. 본 연구는 유입 공기의 배출로 인한 문제점을 확인하고 성능개선 방안에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법: CONTAM 프로그램을 사용하여 기본조건과 변경조건으로 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 연구결과: 밀폐된 복도에서 유입 공기가 배출되면 제연구역에서 과압이 발생하여 개방력을 초과하였고 유입공기가 배출되지 않는 층 에서는 방연풍속이 미달하였다. 결론: "차압 배출댐퍼" 적용, 배출댐퍼 2개층 동시 개방, 복도와 옥외 사이 자동식 창문 설치로 유입공기의 배출 성능이 개선되었다.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.93-105
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• 2023

Seismic isolation and vibration control techniques have been developed and put into practical use by challenging researchers and engineers worldwide since the latter half of the 20th century, and after more than 40 years, they are now used in thousands of buildings, private residences, highways in many seismic areas in the world. Seismic isolation and vibration control structures can keep the structures undamaged even in a major earthquake and realize continuous occupancy. This performance has come to be recognized not only by engineers but also by ordinary people, becoming indispensable for the formation of a resilient society. However, the dynamic characteristics of seismically isolated bearings, the key elements, are highly dependent on the size effect and rate-of-loading, especially under extreme loading conditions. Therefore, confirming the actual properties and performance of these bearings with full-scale specimens under prescribed dynamic loading protocols is essential. The number of testing facilities with such capacity is still limited and even though the existing labs in the US, China, Taiwan, Italy, etc. are conducting these tests, their dynamic loading test setups are subjected to friction generated by the large vertical loads and inertial force of the heavy table which affect the accuracy of measured forces. To solve this problem, the authors have proposed a direct reaction force measuring system that can eliminate the effects of friction and inertia forces, and a seismic isolation testing facility with the proposed system (E-isolation) will be completed on March 2023 in Japan. This test facility is designed to conduct not only dynamic loading tests of seismic isolation bearings and dampers but also to perform hybrid simulations of seismically isolated structures. In this paper, design details and the realization of this system into an actual dynamic testing facility are presented and the outcomes are discussed.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2023

In the case of a school building, even though it is a regular structure in terms of plan shape, if the masonry infill wall acts as a lateral load resisting element, it can be determined as a torsionally irregular building. As a result, the strength and ductility of the structure are reduced, which may cause additional earthquake damage to the structure. Therefore, in this study, a structure similar to a school building with torsional irregularity was selected as an example structure and the damping performance of the PC-BRB was analyzed by adjusting the eccentricity according to the amount of masonry infilled wall. As a result of nonlinear dynamic analysis after seismic reinforcement, the torsional irregularity of each floor was reduced compared to before reinforcement, and the beams and column members of the collapse level satisfied the performance level due to the reduction of shear force and the reinforcement of stiffness. The energy dissipation of PC-BRB was similar in the REC-10 ~ REC-20 analytical models with an eccentricity of 20% or less. REC-25 with an eccentricity of 25% was the largest, and it is judged that it is effective to combine and apply PC-BRB when it has an eccentricity of 25% or more to control the torsional behavior.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.413-420
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• 2023

지진피해 감소를 위한 내진 구조 중에서 제진 구조는 댐퍼의 간단한 적용으로 효율적으로 내진 성능을 향상시키고 경제성을 확보할 수 있는 기술이다. 그러나 기존의 댐퍼는 요구 내진 성능과 재료 소성으로 인한 내구성에 대하여 한계를 나타낸다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기본적으로 탄성 특성을 나타내는 폴리우레탄에 선행 압축을 가하고 초탄성 형상기억합금을 적용하여 복원 특성을 증진시킨 폴리우레탄 댐퍼를 제안하였다. 폴리우레탄 댐퍼의 특성을 검증하기 위하여 우선 개념을 정립하고 초탄성 형상기억합금과 강재 적용, 선행압축 크기를 설계 변수로 선정하여 설계 상세를 완성하였다. 또한, 구조 실험을 수행하여 응답 거동을 도출하여 하중 저항 성능, 잔류 변위, 회복률, 에너지 소산 능력을 분석하였다. 분석한 결과 폴리우레탄 댐퍼는 초탄성 형상기억합금 와이어를 적용하고 선행 압축이 증가하면 다양한 성능이 향상되는 결과를 나타냈다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제28권5A호
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• pp.685-690
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• 2008

최근 대규모의 지진피해로 인해 내진설계에 대한 관심이 높아지면서, LRB(Lead Rubber Bearing), FPS(Friction Pendulum System) 등 다양한 지진격리장치에 대한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서 E-Shape 강재이력댐퍼를 이용한 지진격리장치의 성능 평가를 위해 E-Shape 댐퍼의 동적거동 실험을 수행하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 해석적 연구를 위한 수치모델을 제안하였다. 또한, 제안된 E-Shape 강재이력댐퍼의 수치모델을 6자유도를 가진 5층 건물에 적용하여 LRB 시스템과 이력거동을 비교하여 지진격리성능 평가를 수행하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 제안된 수치모델은 실제 E-Shape 강재이력댐퍼의 동적거동을 적절히 묘사할 수 있으며, E-Shape 강재이력댐퍼는 비선형 거동을 통한 에너지를 적절히 소산시킴으로서 기존 시스템과 비교하여 충분히 지진격리성능을 발휘할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제87권2호
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• pp.151-164
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• 2023

The latest earthquake's costly repairs and economic disruption were brought on by excessive residual drift. Self-centering systems are one of the most efficient ways in the current generation of seismic resistance system to get rid of and reduce residual drift. The mechanics and behavior of the self-centering system in response to seismic forces were impacted by a number of important factors. The amount of post-tensioning (PT) force, which is often employed for the standing posture after an earthquake, is the first important component. The energy dissipater element is another one that has a significant impact on how the self-centering system behaves. Using the damper as a replaceable and affordable tool and fuse in self-centering frames has been recommended to boost energy absorption and dampening of structural systems during earthquakes. In this research, the self-centering steel moment frame connections are equipped with cushion flexural dampers (CFDs) as an energy dissipator system to increase energy absorption, post-yielding stiffness, and ease replacement after an earthquake. Also, it has been carefully considered how to reduce permanent deformations in the self-centering steel moment frames exposed to seismic loads while maintaining adequate stiffness, strength, and ductility. After confirming the FE model's findings with an earlier experimental PT connection, the behavior of the self-centering connection using CFD has been surveyed in this study. The FE modeling takes into account strands preloading as well as geometric and material nonlinearities. In addition to contact and sliding phenomena, gap opening and closing actions are included in the models. According to the findings, self-centering moment-resisting frames (SF-MRF) combined with CFD enhance post-yielding stiffness and energy absorption with the least amount of permeant deformation in a certain CFD thickness. The obtained findings demonstrate that the effective energy dissipation ratio (β), is increased to 0.25% while also lowering the residual drift to less than 0.5%. Also, this enhancement in the self-centering connection with CFD's seismic performance was attained with a respectable moment capacity to beam plastic moment capacity ratio.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.479-500
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• 2022

In this study, a new type of isolation bearing is proposed by combining S-shaped steel plate dampers (SSDs) with a spherical steel bearing, and the seismic control effect of a five-span standard high-speed railway bridge is investigated. The advantages of the proposed S-shaped steel damping friction bearing (SSDFB) are that it cannot only lengthen the structural periods, dissipate the seismic energy, but also prevent bridge unseating due to the restraint effectiveness of SSDs in the large relative displacements between the girders and piers. This study first presents a detailed description and working principle of the SSDFB. Then, mechanical modeling of the SSDFB was derived to fundamentally define its cyclic behavior and obtain key mechanical parameters. The numerical model of the SSDFB's critical component SSD was verified by comparing it with the experimental results. After that, parameter studies of the dimensions and number of SSDs, the friction coefficient, and the gap length of the SSDFBs were conducted. Finally, the longitudinal seismic responses of the bridge with SSDFBs were compared with the bridge with spherical bearing and spherical bearing with strengthened shear keys. The results showed that the SSDFB can not only significantly mitigate the shear force responses and residual displacement in bridge substructures but also can effectively reduce girder displacement and prevent bridge unseating, at a cost of inelastic deformation of the SSDs, which is easy to replace. In conclusion, the SSDFB is expected to be a cost-effective option with both multi-stage energy dissipation and restraint capacity, making it particularly suitable for seismic isolation application to high-speed railway bridges.