• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.65-72
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• 2015

Objectives: Shape of face has relations with body shape and body weight in the Korean medicine. We investigated a correlation between a body mass index (BMI) and Dam-Bangkwang Body of Hyung-Sang medicine. Methods: The subjects were 244 adults aged from 45 to 64. A facial shape diagnostic equipment was used to classify Bangkwang Body or Dam Body. Statistical analyses were performed with the SPSS program to compare the correlation of BMI in each group. Results: We measured BMIs of the subjects who have Dam Body or Bangkwang Body which ranges were $22.53{\pm}2.83$ and $24.43{\pm}2.90$, respectively. The BMIs of Dam body subjects were significantly higher than those of Bangkwang Body subjects statistically (P<0.001). In order to verify our hypothesis, we also speculated BMIs of the obese with a BMI over 25. The BMIs of Bangkwang Body subjects were also higher than those of Dam Body subjects (P=0.001). With the width of the face of all subjects, we found that Bangkwang Body subjects whose the width of the face was relatively long had higher levels of BMI and obesity than Dam Body subjects whose height of the face was relatively long. Conclusions: The BMI of the Bangkwang Body is statistically higher than the Dam Body.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.275-292
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• 2003

In terms of Yin and Yang theory, Dam represents excessive Yang and deficient Yin, and Bangkwang means excessive Yin and deficient Yang. In terms of Ki and Hyung, Dam is vigorous Ki and flabby Hyung, and Bangwang is strong Hyung and weak Ki. In terms of the balance of Ki and Blood, Dam is more Ki and less Blood and Bangkwang is the opposite. In terms of meridians concerned, Dam belongs to Joksoyangdam meridian(足少陽膽經) and Bangkwang belongs to Joktayangbangwang meridian(足太膀胱經), Mr. Jeesan saw that the person having vigorous Ki and flabby Hyung tends to be dynamic and the person having strong Hyung and weak Ki tends to be static and designated both as Dam and Bangkwang, respectively, Meridians are the route of Ki and Blood in the body and since their titles are thought to imply basic oriental medical theories, they are better choices to be comprehensive and systematic than other terms. In the 12 meridians, the 6 foot meridians are more important than the other hand meridians because human beings adapt themselves to the earth. Among the 6 foot meridians, the 3 Yang foot meridians are more representative of the body since they cover more of the body. Joksoyangdam meridian(足少陽膽經) is related to more Ki and less Blood and thus is a relevant term to describe Dam. Likewise Joktaeyangbangkwang meridian(足太膀胱經) is related to more Blood and less Ki and thus can correspond to the term 'Bangkwang'. In addition, the Dam organ and Dam meridians meet the condition of excessive Yang and deficient Yin, vigorous Ki and flabby Hyung, more Ki and less Blood, on the other hand, the BangKwang organ and Bangkwang meridians meet the condition of excessive Yin and deficient Yang, strong Hyung and weak Ki, more Blood and less Ki. Thus the terms of Dam and Bangkwang satisfy the basic concepts Mr. Jeesan established.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.55-68
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to analyze the distribution, relationship, prognosis and improvement score of idiopathic facial palsy inpatients according to constitutional differentiation ; Sasang constition, Hyungsang classification, Sasang constition combined with Hyungsang classification. Methods : A study was done on 102 patients who were diagnosed and treated as idiopathic facial palsy from April 2012 to Nomember 2012 at the Department of Acupuncture and Moxibution Medicine, Dong-eui Oriental University Hospital. Medical records of inpatinets who underwent facial ENoG, NET test were analyzed. Changes of HBGS grade and Yanagihara's score were also evaluated. We classified inpaients acording to Sasang constitution by consulting to Department of Sasang constitutinal medicine, and to Hyungsang classification(Dam-body, Bangkwang-body) by measuring under medical system of 3D facial shapes(RS-400FL). The constitutional differentiation and general characteristics were initially analyzed, and valuse on ENoG, NET were correlated with constitutinal differentiation. Results of HBGS and Yanagihara's score were also correlated with constitutinal differentiation. Results : 1. Each 39.2 percent of idiopathic facial palsy inpatients were the Taeeumin and Soyangin, 21.6 percent were the Soeumin. 2. 75.5 percent of idiopathic facial palsy inpatients were the Bangkwang-body, 24.5 percent were the Dam-body. 3. 34.3 percent of idiopathic facial palsy inpatinets were the Taeeum-Bangkwang, 21.6 percent were the Soyang-Bangkwang, 19.6 percent were the Soeum-Bangkwang, 17.6 percent were the Soyang-Dam, 4.9 percent were the Taeem-Dam, 2 percent were the Soeum-Dam. 4. By sex, the each ratio of Taeeumin, Soeumin, Bangkwang-body, Taeeum-Bangkwang, Soeum-Bangkwang, Soyang-Bangkwang was higher in female, that of Dam-body, Taeeum-Dam, Soyang-Dam was higher in male. 5. By relations between Sasang constitution and Hyungsang classification, the each ratio of Taeeumin and Soeumin was higher in Bangkwang-body. 6. By values on ENoG and NET, evaluations of HBGS's grade and Yanagihara's score, there were no significant difference. Conclusions : In idiopathic facial palsy inpatients, the proportion of Taeeum and Soyang among the Sasang constitution was higher, that of Dam among the Hyungsang classification was higher, that of Taeeum-Bangkwang among the Sasang combined with Hyungsang was the highest. It would seem that Bangkwang-body, female were closely related to Taeeumin, Soeumin. Also, Dam-body were closely related to male. But when comparing groups, there was no statistically significant difference in prognosis and improvement.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.680-687
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• 2004

A study on the correlation between four GCM types and Dam and Bangkwang types of Hyungsang medicine comes to the following conclusions : GCM I type is closely related to Bangkwang type in Hyungsang medicine. GCM II type corresponds to Dam type. In terms of obesity and emaciation, GCM I type is related to obesity and GCM II type to emaciation. In terms of Right and Left, GCM I type is more active in Left, GCM II type in Right. In terms of movement, GCM I and II types are kinetic and GCM III and IV types are static. In terms of Front and Back, the disease of GCM I type usually appears on Back but the treatment starts on Front. In GCM II type, disease mainly occurs on Front but the treatment starts on Back. GCM I type is susceptible to an alimentary disease and constitutionally predisposed to damp-phlegm in Hyungsang medicine. GCM II type is easily affected by a circulatory illness and very vulnerable to heat with blood deficiency and depression and stagnation of Ki.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.75-86
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• 2010

1. Objectives: This study was performed to research the relationship between Sasang Constitutional medicine and Hyungsang medicine. 2. Methods: Four hundred and thirty applicants are involved in this study. They are devided into Sasang Constitution and Hyungsang Classification 3. Results and Conclusions: There are significances between Sasang Constitutional diagnosis and Hyungsang Classification. There are significantly more Bangkwang-body, Gi-kwa, Taeyang-hyung, Yangmyung-hyung in Taeyangin and Bangkwang-body, Jung-kwa, Soyang-hyung, Yangmyung-hyung in Soyangin. There are significantly more Dam-body, Gi-kwa, Taeyang-hyung, Yangmyung-hyung in Taeeumin and Bangkwang-body, Gi-kwa, Taeyang-hyung, Yangmyung-hyung in Soeumin.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.573-579
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• 2005

The followings are the conclusions drawn from the clinical cases of apoplexy; The main cause of apoplexy is the deficiency of both Jung and Ki. dam typed persons are stricken with paralyses because of the insufficiency of the kidney water. On the other hand, bangkwang typed persons' apoplexy comes from the deficiency of Ki and dump-phlegm. The prevention of apoplexy is very important so that porpe medical care should be taken at the appearance of premonitory symptoms like vertigo, dim sight tinnitus, stiff neck, numbness and others. It appears very reasonable both clinically and pathologically that Li dongyuen classified the apoplexy in to three groups : the first group is apoplexy involving meridians ; the second. involving Bu ; the third, involving Jang. The accurate diagnosis of apoplexy regulates com prehension consideration of four factors configuration color, pulse and symptoms and distinction from the similar diseases. Apoplexy is the up wand floating of Yaug in deficiency due to the deficiency of genuine Yim. In its early stages it should be treated by eliminating the excess in the upper pant. In the lower pant becomes the fundamental treatment.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.149-173
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• 2004

Objective & Methods : In the point of several medical books included 'Internal Classic' and Hyungsang medicine, the writer studied about meridian theory and it's disorders, after adapting to acupuncture and herb medicine. Results : 1. Dr. Jisan explained concretely physiological and pathological meridian appearances with using metaphor about phenomenons of nature and human living. 2. Shapes corresponding to meridian are considered as Yukkyunghyung formed by more or less of vigor and blood, and by tendency of up and down in eyes and nose, and also contained diseases of viscera and characters. 3. The colors connected with meridian are changed according to conditions, and meridian is seen through colors. And then colors is the properties of vital energy and symbol of spirit, that is expressed as aspect of essence, vigor, spirit and blood, as the original color of five viscera, as the colors of four seasons and as the colors of diseases. So the changes of feelings are appeared to meridian flow. 4. The method of examining pulse for meridian disorders is applied to Jisan diagram. Jisan diagram is devised from mutual communication of viscera and connection with inside and outside. It is conjugated widely in clinical examination to be distinguished into Dam-Bangkwang, into diseased part of viscera and into meridian. Also it is conjugated recuperation of diseases. 5. The meridian diseases are appeared all the distributed parts of meridian, especially skin, hair, eyebrow, and the ends of the extremities which are sensitive to stimulus. The causes are the disharmony between vital energy and blood and the discordance of six atmospheric variation. The symptoms are skinny aches, itching and eruption, etc. Conclusions : The acupuncture of Hyungsang medicine which utilizes classification of shapes, examining pulse according to Jisan diagram and demonstration of symptoms, is very effective and required systematical study from now on.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.852-860
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• 2003

Review is made on the sweat in 'Donguibogam' from the view point of Hyungsang medicine. The conclusions are as follows: Clinically sweet is an important indicator for the condition and constitution of the patients. Sweat should be taken into consideration in diagnosis and treatment. Sweat is one of the symptoms that appears when there is a disharmony among Jung(精), Ki(氣) and Shin(神). The cause and phase of sweat varies with every patient. Dam type persons (膽體) are inclined to have night sweat, while Bangkwang type persons(膀胱體) are apt to have day sweat.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.965-975
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• 2004

The writer reviewed on Chojop and came to conclusions as follows. Symptoms of Chojop is appeared digestive ailment such as belching, nausea, regurgitation of acid, stomachache etc., if being serious, felt oppressed with palpitating in chest and uneasiness at times. In Dangaesimbub written by Chujinhyung, the causes of Chojop were mainly regarded as phlegmatic fire(痰火) and suggested the way of treatment. The causes of Chojop are movable fire with phlegm, insufficiency of blood caused by thinking to excess, and Shinyanghohan(腎陽虛汗) that is piled cold phlegm by voidance and coldness of Renal Yang, but the main cause is brought to a conclusion as phlegmatic fire. The phlegmatic fire is come from being in discord with the spleen and the stomach, or from in harmony between vigor and blood according to essence and vital energy which are disturbed by combined feelings. That is caused by disharmony between inner and outer conditions according to individuals. The distinctive features in shapes of Chojop are revealed to shapes such as manlike woman, womanlike man, wearing darkish or reddish color between two eyebrows, being almond eyed, strong eyebrows, being sunk the upper part of the nose bridge, lots of facial blots, Dam-body, Ki type, Shin type, Birds group, and Yangmyung type. The doctors can prescribe Whadamchungwhatang to Yangmyung type, Yanghyulsamul-tang for patients with strong eyebrows so flourishing blood and vigor, Hyangsapyungwuisan for patients belong to Birds group, Soshikchungul-tang for Ki type, and Palmiwhan for man belonged to Bangkwang-body with voidance and coldness of Renal Yang chiefly.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.561-566
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• 2007

After researching on infantile diseases in Hyungsang medicine, the writer got the conclusions as follows. The infants who are excess of the Yang energy need to nourish the Eum- blood. The main causes of the infantile disorders are congenital defect and malfunction of internal organs by nature, as results of these they suffer from mental disorders or being undergrown. And after birth they get ill from internal injury or external affections, mainly epilepsy by retention of undigested food, fever, cough, asthma, nasal obstruction, dermatopathia, and affection by cold, etc. In Hyungsang medicine Dam-body is apt to get ill from deficiency of Eum-blood and bangkwang-body from deficiency of Yang-energy. And infants are hare to be moderate in food, so they become to diseases of the Spleen and stomach, especially infants with Yangmyung type get to epilepsy, cough, skin disorders, and obese for the reasonof overeating. Among main infantile symptoms congenital defects, infantile mental disorders, and convulsive diseases come from congenital defect and malfunciton of internal organs, so it must be treated the symptoms following the reasons. Above all infantile mental disorders are treated not to separate the spirit from the body. And fever, cough and asthma, affection by cold, skin diseases, poor appetite, and obese come from deficiency of Kidney or the deficiency and excess of the Spleen and stomach. In order to prevent from infantile diseases right antenatal training, taking medicine rightly, exercise and eating good habits are needed to give guidance. Seeing through the clinical cases in Hyungsang medicine, we come to know that the infantile mental disorders come out primarily for the reasons of the congenital defect, and the infantile epilepsy come from malfunction of internal organs, and the nasal obstruction and skin diseases come from deficiency of Kidney or the deficiency and excess of the Spleen and stomach.