• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.271-279
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• 2023

The aim of the present study was to investigate the influences of Curcuma aromatica or inositol monophosphate supplementation on body weight of sows at different stages, feed intake, backfat thickness of sows at different stages, body weight of piglets at different stages, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration in sow blood and milk. Eighteen crossbred (Landrace × Yorkshire) sows (249.9 ± 3.2 kg) and their litters were used in a 28-day feeding trial to observe the effects of Curcuma aromatica or inositol monophosphate as dietary supplements on performance and IgG concentration of blood and milk in lactating sows and piglets. The dietary treatments comprised a control corn-soybean-based basal diet (CON); control diet + Curcuma aromatica at 0.5% (CA), and control diet + inositol monophosphate at 0.10% (IMP). Sow body weight at different stages, average daily feed intake, and sow backfat thickness at different stages were not affected in all three treatment groups. The body weight of piglets at weaning and average daily gain of piglets born to sows from the IMP group showed significant improvement compared to piglets of sows from the CA treatment group. Treatment had no effect on the IgG levels in blood and milk. In conclusion, supplementation of 0.5% CA or 0.10% IMP in sows has no effect on growth performance and IgG in sows and piglets compared with the control diet.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.101-109
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was conducted to examine the effects on food intake, body weight, and metabolic parameters by amisulpride administration in male and female mice, comparing the effects of risperidone and vehicle administration. Methods : Female and male C57BL/6 mice were grouped into low dose amisulpride(1.5mg/kg), high dose amisulpride(15mg/kg), risperidone(0.1mg/kg) and vehicle. Drugs were administered once daily through intraperitoneal injection over 21days. Body weight was measured weekly and food intake was measured daily. Levels of triglyceride, glucose, insulin and prolactin were determined at the end of experiment(on day 22). Results : In the female mice, low and high dose amisulpride as well as risperidone caused significant weight gains. But weight gains in amisulpride groups were numerically smaller than that of risperidone group. In male mice, only high dose amisulpride caused significant weight gain. Among weight gain groups, only weight gain of male mice with high dose amisulpride was significantly associated with increased food intake. Weight gain group in female mice did not show significant correlation with food intake. In male mice, both amisulpride groups showed significantly high plasma insulin levels compared to vehicle. In female and male mice, low and high dose amiulpride groups showed significant high plasma prolactin levels compared to vehicle. Triglyceride level were not significantly changed in all groups. Glucose level was changed significantly only in male risperidone group. Conclusions : Administration of amisulpride caused more significant weight gains in female and male mice than controls but changes of metabolic parameters were different according to sex of mice. Our results suggest that different mechanisms of amisulpiride are likely to affect weight gain between male and female mice.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.341-347
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• 1998

This study was conducted to determine changes in circulating progesterone and Insulin-like Growth Factor-1(IGF-1) concentrations according to daily gain of 0.5 and 0.7 kg ; from 33 weeks of age until the onset of regular oestrus cycles in the heifer of Hanwoo. In all animals, progesterone concentrations was undetectable until just before first oestrus. A small progesterone elevation of approximately 6 days duration(based upon the mean progesterone profile) preceded the first oestrus in 13 heifers. The mean age at first oestrus of the daily gain 0.7 kg(331.0$\pm$ 15.0 days) group was earlier than those of the daily gain 0.5 kg(358.9$\pm$7.9 days) group, and the mean weight at first oestrus of the daily gain 0.7 kg(236.0$\pm$4.7 kg) group was heavier than those of the daily gain 0.5 kg(224.8$\pm$9.7 kg) group. IGF-1 concentrations from day 3 to 15 of first oestrus were higher than those of the earlier luteal stage(Day 0~1) and the luteal regression stage (Day 18~20). IGF-1 concentrations according to the growth stage (from 33 weeks to 57 weeks) increased gradually. On the basis of these results, we suggest that the onset of first oestrus in Hanwoo heifer is about 345 day of age, and progesterone concentrations are closely related to the IGF-1 concentration.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.387-396
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• 2021

This study was conducted to provide basic data for efficient Hanwoo beef production by conducting a comparison of growth performance, blood metabolites, testosterone, and carcass characteristics of Hanwoo according to complete and hemi-castration. Twelve Hanwoo calves were allotted to two treatment groups as follows: CC = complete-castration and HC = hemi-castration method of removing only one testicle. At the end of the test, the body weight was 66 kg higher in HC than in CC, and the average daily gain increased by 12.6% (p < 0.05). The feed conversion ratio was significantly improved in HC compared to CC (p < 0.05). Serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were significantly higher in CC than HC in both the growing and fattening periods (p < 0.05), and serum testosterone concentrations before castration were similar between HC and CC, but steadily increasing in HC after castration. Back fat thickness and marbling score were significantly higher in CC than HC in the entire period (p < 0.01). In the results of this study, hemi-castration can improve body weight gain and feed conversion ratio due to the influence of male hormones compared to complete castration, but it is considered that there will be difficulties in producing high-quality meat with a high marbling score.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.762-769
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• 2017

This study investigated the effects of stocking density on the growth of the mandarin fish Siniperca scherzeri, in small (1-year old, 50.2 g/fish) and large (2-years old, 173.1 g/fish) size (age) groups. Small and large fish groups were fed pelleted diets twice daily for 10 and 15 weeks, respectively. In the small group, at the end of the feeding, the weight gain of fish at a density of $4kg/m^3$ was lower than that of fish at densities of 3, 2 and $1kg/m^3$. However, fish stocking density did not affect feed efficiency. The daily feed intake of fish at a density of $4kg/m^3$ was lower than that fish at densities of 3, 2 and $1kg/m^3$. In the large fish group, the weight gain of fish at a density of $4.5kg/m^3$ was higher than that of fish at densities of 6, 3 and $1.5kg/m^3$. Again, fish stocking density did not affect feed efficiency. The daily feed intake of fish at a density of $4.5kg/m^3$ was higher than that of fish at densities of 6, 3 and $1.5kg/m^3$. Based on these results, the optimum stocking density for small (50.2 g/fish) and large (173.1 g/fish) mandarin fish is 3 and $4.5kg/m^3$, respectively.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.1065-1076
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• 2024

Objective: This study aimed to assess the effects of dietary mulberry leaves on the growth, production performance, gut microbiota, and immunological parameters of poultry and livestock. Methods: The PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases were systematically analyzed to identify pertinent studies up to December 2022. The effects of mulberry leaf diet was assessed using the weighted mean difference, and the 95% confidence interval was calculated using a random-effects model. Results: In total, 18 studies that sampled 2,335 poultry and livestock were selected for analysis. Mulberry leaves improved the average daily gain and reduced the feed/meat ratio in finishing pigs, and the average daily gain and average daily feed intake in chicken. In production performance, mulberry leaves lowered the half carcass weight, slaughter rate, and loin eye area in pigs, and the slaughter rate in chickens. Regarding meat quality in pigs, mulberry leaves reduced the cooked meat percentage, shear force, crude protein, and crude ash, and increased the 24 h pH and water content. In chickens, it increased the drip loss, shear force, 45 min and 24 h pH, crude protein, and crude ash. Mulberry leaves also affect the abundances of gut microbiota, including Bacteroides, Prevotella, Megamonas, Escherichia-Shigella, Butyricicoccus, unclassified Ruminococcaceae, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Escherichia coli in poultry and livestock. Mulberry leaves at different doses were associated with changes in antioxidant capacity in chickens, and immune organ indexes in pigs. With respect to egg quality, mulberry leaves at different doses improved the shell strength, yolk color, eggshell thickness, and eggshell weight. However, moderate doses diminished the egg yolk ratio and the egg yolk moisture content. Conclusion: In general, dietary mulberry leaves improved the growth, production performance, and immunological parameters in poultry and livestock, although the effects varied at different doses.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.66 no.1
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• pp.125-134
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• 2024

In this research, the growth efficiency, nutritional utilization, fecal microbial levels, and fecal score of weaned pigs were evaluated using therapeutic zinc oxide (ZnO) and zinc aspartic acid chelate (Zn-Asp). In a 42-day feeding trial, 60 weaned pigs ([Yorkshire × Landrace] × Duroc) were arbitrarily allotted (age: 21 days; 7.01 ± 0.65 kg preliminary body weight) to 3 different treatment groups with 5 repetitions (2 male and 2 female piglets) in each pen. The trial had 2 different phases, including 1-21 days as phase 1, and 22-42 days as phase 2. The nutritional treatments were: basal diet as control (CON), basal diet incorporated with 3,000 ppm ZnO as TRT1, and basal diet incorporated with 750 ppm Zn-Asp as TRT2. In comparison to the CON group, the pigs in the TRT1 and TRT2 groups had greater (p < 0.05) body weight on day 42; an average daily gain, and an average daily feed intake on days 22-42. Furthermore, during days 1-42, the average daily gain in the treatment groups trended higher (p < 0.05) than in the CON group. Additionally, the fecal score decreased (p < 0.05) at week 6, the lactic acid bacteria count tended to increase (p < 0.05), and coliform bacteria presented a trend in reduction (p < 0.05) in the TRT1 and TRT2 groups compared to the CON group. However, there was no difference in nutrient utilization (p > 0.05) among the dietary treatments. Briefly, the therapeutic ZnO and Zn-Asp nutritional approaches could decrease fecal score and coliform bacteria, increase lactic acid bacteria, and improve growth efficiency; moreover, Zn-Asp (750 ppm) can perform a comparable role to therapeutic ZnO (3,000 ppm). So we can use Zn-Asp (750 ppm) instead of therapeutic ZnO (3,000 ppm) for the better performance of weaning pigs and the reduction of environmental pollution, as therapeutic ZnO is responsible for environmental pollution.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1553-1561
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• 2013

Forty-eight crossbred heifers ($378.1{\pm}18$ kg) were used in a 56-d feeding trial (four pens per treatment in a randomised complete block design) to evaluate the influence of ionophore supplementation on growth performance, dietary energetics and carcass characteristics in finishing cattle during a period of heat stress. Heifers were fed a diet based on steam-flaked corn (2.22 Mcal $NE_m/kg$) with and without an ionophore. Treatments were: i) control, no ionophore; ii) 30 mg/kg monensin sodium (RUM30); iii) 20 mg/kg lasalocid sodium (BOV20), and iv) 30 mg/kg lasalocid sodium (BOV30). Both dry matter intake (DMI) and climatic variables were measured daily and the temperature humidity index (THI) was estimated. The maximum THI during the study averaged 93, while the minimum was 70 (THI average = $79.2{\pm}2.3$). Compared to controls, monensin supplementation did not influence average daily gain, the estimated NE value of the diet, or observed-to-expected DMI, but tended (p = 0.07) to increase (4.8%) gain to feed. Compared to controls, the group fed BOV30 increased ($p{\leq}0.03$) daily gain (11.8%), gain to feed (8.3%), net energy of the diet (5%), and observed-to-expected DMI (5.2%). Daily weight gain was greater (7.6%, p = 0.05) for heifers fed BOV30 than for heifers fed MON30. Otherwise, differences between the two treatments in DMI, gain to feed, and dietary NE were not statistically significant (p>0.11). Plotting weekly intakes versus THI, observed intake of controls was greater (p<0.05) at THI values ${\leq}77$ than ionophore groups. When THI values were greater than 79, DMI of control and MON30 were not different (p = 0.42), although less than that of groups fed lasalocid (p = 0.04). Variation in energy intake was lower (p>0.05) in the ionophores group (CV = 1.7%) than in the control group (CV = 4.5%). Inclusion of ionophores in the diet resulted in relatively minor changes in carcass characteristics. It is concluded that ionophore supplementation did not exacerbate the decline of DM intake in heat-stressed cattle fed a high-energy finishing diet; on the contrary, it stabilised feed intake and favoured feed efficiency. Ionophore supplementation reduced estimated maintenance coefficients around 10% in finishing cattle during a period of heat stress. This effect was greatest for heifers supplemented with 30 mg lasalocid/kg of diet.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.220-224
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• 2008

The need for refining dietary nutrient levels and limited information regarding Holstein steer and phosphorus supplementation led to the objective of examining the response of removing supplemental dietary phosphorus from a corn-based finishing diet offered to yearling Holstein steers. Two groups of yearling Holstein steers were utilized to study responses of increasing dietary phosphorus level during the finishing period. In Exp. 1, 96 Holstein steers (419 kg) were blocked into four weight groups. Dietary treatments included no additional phosphorus (NDC) or the inclusion of dicalcium phosphate (DCP) to achieve 0.30% phosphorus (P) in the complete diet. Daily gain, DMI and carcass traits were not different (p>0.05). Overall gain efficiency was slightly lower for NDC (p<0.05). Exp. 2 consisted of 78 Holstein steers (491 kg) blocked into two weight groups. Steers were harvested on d 84 and 112 d on test with carcass data collected following a 48-h chill. No differences (p>0.05) were detected for DMI, ADG, or gain efficiency. No differences (p>0.05) were detected in carcass characteristics in this experiment. Percent bone ash, calcium, P, and bending moment also did not differ among treatments (p>0.05). Removing supplemental phosphorus in the feedlot diet did not produce adverse effects on steer performance, carcass, or rib bone characteristics for yearling Holstein steers.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.198-203
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• 2008

This study was conducted to compare the effects of feeding high protein and low energy milk replacer (HPR; CP 25%, ME 3.6 Mcal/kg DM) with low protein and high energy milk replacer (HPR; CP 21%, ME 4.2 Mcal/kg DM) on feed consumption, body weight (BW) gain, health and selected blood metabolites in Holstein calves during the pre-weaning period. At each feeding, each milk replacer (MR) was prepared by mixing 0.125 kg of dry MR in 1L of warm ($60^{\circ}C$) water. The calves were fed either HPR (n = 10) or HER (n = 10) using mobile plastic bottles fitted with soft rubber nipples. All calves received 1.8L diluted MR at each feeding 3 times daily during the first 4 weeks of age; feeding frequency was reduced to 2 times daily for the next 2 weeks of age and then to once daily during the last week of the experiment. Jugular blood was sampled in calves at day 7, 14, 21, 35 and 49 of age to enumerate selected metabolites. Daily MR, starter and hay intake during the pre-weaning period were similar in calves fed HPR and HER. Consumption of starter, MGH and total DM steadily increased with the age of calves. Final BW, daily BW gain and feed efficiency of calves were not affected by treatments. Serum glucose, cholesterol, creatinine were decreased (p<0.05) and blood urea N was increased (p<0.05) in calves fed HER or HPR as they grew older. Serum glucose, total protein and albumin concentrations in calves were not affected by treatments. Serum GPT and GOT concentrations were higher (p<0.05) in calves on HPR than on HER. Scouring score, days scoured, respiratory score, rectal temperature and general appearance were similar in calves fed HPR and HER. Poor general appearance (dullness and droopy ears) of calves fed either HPR or HER reflected nutritional insufficiency and stress. In conclusion, energy and protein concentrations in MR did not affect feed intake and BW gain in Holstein calves during the pre-weaning period. Poor general appearance and lower BW gain of calves compared to those reported in the literature for milk fed calves prompt a demand for further research to improve the daily nutrient supply to MR-fed calves.