• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제48권2호
• /
• pp.265-272
• /
• 2021

A total of fourteen primiparous sows' (Landrace × Yorkshire) were used to determine the effects of two patterns of feed intake during early gestation on the growth performance and litter characteristics in sows. Daily feed intake from day 5 to 112 of gestation for parity 1 sows was 2.2 kg·d^-1 of feed offered with the exception of seven sows who were offered 3.2 kg·d^-1 from day 90 to 108 of gestation (TRT A) or 2.5 kg·d^-1 (d 5 - 60) and 2 kg·d^-1 (d 60 - 90) of feed with the exception of seven sows who were offered 3.5 kg·d^-1 from day 90 to 108 of gestation (TRT B). The different feed intake patterns in early gestation did not have a significant effect on body weight, backfat thickness, or body condition score during, before, and after farrowing (p > 0.05) respectively. However, initial to d 60, backfat thickness difference was significantly improved by TRT B patterns of feed intake during early gestation. In addition, during the overall experiment, average daily feed intake was significantly enhanced for sows in the dietary TRT B group feed intake pattern (p = 0.0001). The fecal score during day 90 was significantly reduced (p = 0.0132) in sows fed with TRT B feed intake pattern. Litter size, litter survival rate, and initial weight showed no significant differences with different feed efficiency of gestating sows. In summary, the results indicate that the 2.5 kg·d^-1 gestation intake pattern allowed gestating sows to obtain optimal performance.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제27권8호
• /
• pp.844-855
• /
• 1994

The purpose of this study is to investigate the nutritional status and dietary intake of gastrectomized cancer patients. For this study, from 1993. 1 to 1993. 8, 50 postoperative gastric cancer patients were selected to examine anthropometric and laboratory data(Body Weight, Body Fat, serum Albumin, Total Lympocyte count), and dietary intake related symptoms. The results were 1) All anthropometric and laboratory data were significantly deteriorated by gastrectomy(s-Albumin, TLC. Body Fat : p<0.001). Weight loss of gastrectomized patients was 8.23$\pm$3.72% from admission to discharge. 2) In many gastrectomized cancer patients, preoperative dietary intake was decreased by abdominal discomfort, indigestion, early satiety, and anorexia. 3) Postoperative energy intake was 602$\pm$158㎉, and it is correspond to 31.18$\pm$.90% of daily energy requirement(1918$\pm$236㎉). The cause of poor oral intake is mostly fear, abdominal distension and fullness, and early satiety. In consideration of the fact that an inadequate energy intake was the main cause of the decreasing nutritional status, a careful nutritional care and dietary education is necessry after gastrectomy.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.299-305
• /
• 2012

Yam has been recognized having the beneficial effects for the prevention of various diseases, such as cancer, immunity, infection and obesity etc. There is increasing consideration to supplement the antioxidant nutrients to make up the lack of the antioxidant nutrient intakes. No study has been reported for the analysis of antioxidant mineral contents and comparison to dietary recommended intake for the sense of health promotion. In our study, we analyzed the contents of antioxidant trace elements (Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu and Se) and Cr contents in cultivated Korean yam powders for evaluation of nutrient intake aspects. We collected the commercial yam powders from six different cultivated areas in the South Korea and measured antioxidant minerals (Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu and Se) and Cr contents using trace element-free plasma spectrometer (ICP) or atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) after dry-ashing and then wet-acid digestion. The accuracy of mineral analysis method was confirmed by the mineral analysis of standard reference material. Each analyzed element contents in yam were compared to dietary reference intakes of Koreans (KDRIs). The average levels of trace elements (Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu, Se and Cr) in yam powders were 18.3, 11.9, 36.0, 3.7, 1.9 and 1.27 ${\mu}g/g$ yam powder, respectively. The intakes of Zn, Fe, Cu and Se of which KDRIs is determined, are accounted as being up to 23.8%, 55.6%, 32.5% and 236% recommended intake (RI) of KDRIs, if daily yam supplementation (50 g) of commercial instruction would be considered. The intake of Mn is about 25% adequate intake (AI) of KDRIs with the daily supplementation of yam powder. Most of mineral intakes from daily yam supplementation were with the range of non-detectable to <10% upper limit (UL) level, which is very much safe. The study results show that daily supplementation of Korean yam power is beneficial to provide the supplemental nutrient intake and also is safe, if the suggested dosage would be considered.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.90-103
• /
• 1987

A study was conducted to measure nitrogen intake and excretion in young korean women on their normal diet and leading normal activity level. Dietary survey by food record, fecal and urinary samples were collected for 3 days in 19 healthy female college students in Korea. On one of the 3 days, duplicate of one-day diet was collected from each subjects. Mean daily intakes of energy and protein were calculated from food recorded. Duplicate diet samples and pooled fecal samples were analyzed for N content. Pooled urine samples were analyzed for total N, urea N, and creatinine content. Apparent N absorption, apparent N balance and urea N/creatinine N were calculated to evaluate protein nutritional status. The results obtained are summarized as following ; 1) Accordingly to food record, mean daily intakes of energy, protein, carbohydrate and far were 1535.2 $\pm$53.78Kcal, 55.95$\pm$2.97g(total nitrogen 8.95$\pm$0.45g), 254.13$\pm$10.31g and 39.24$\pm$2.76 g, providing 14.6%, 66.2%, 19.2% of total energy respectively. 2) Nitrogen intake by chemical analysis was 7.16$\pm$0.31g/day (protein 44.75$\pm$1.94kg/day) providing 82.39$\pm$4.58% of nitrogen intake by food record. The difference of total nitrogen intake between food record and chemical analysis in diets was significant(p<0.05). 3) Mean daily fecal nitrogen excretion was 1.38$\pm$0.10g and then mean apparent digesbility of protein was 80.53$\pm$5.21%. 4) Mean daily urinary nitrogen excretion, urea N excretion and creatinine excretion were 6.03$\pm$0.30g, 4.52$\pm$0.22g, and 0.88$\pm$0.04g respectively. Urinary urea nitrogen was 75.2$\pm$1.38% of total urinary nitrogen excretion and urinary nitrogen was 85.4$\pm$3.56% of total nitrogen intake by chemical analysis. 5) Mean urea N/creatinine N ration was 14.01$\pm$0.77. 6) Mean nitrogen balance was -0.244$\pm$0.33g/day. From the above results, it is concluded that the subjects in this study seem to be in marginal protein nutritional status and therefore should increase dietary protein intake.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.51-59
• /
• 1976

This study was designed to find out passible correlations between the growth rate and daily food intakes of two hundreds E and Y kindergarden children in Seoul, Korea. The subjects adapted in this study were 5-year-old boys and girls and their physical growth index was calculated by means of body weight and height. Dietary survey was performed by recording all the foods taken at daily basis for six days. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Living circumstances of the subjects. a) In most cases, subjects had two to three brothers and sisters. b) About 39% of boys were brought up by cow's milk and 34%, by mined nourishment with mother's milk and cow's milk, while approximately 40% of the girls were brought up by mother's milk and 37%, by mixed one. Of the whole subjects, 70% were weaned at the age of $7{\sim}18$ months. c) Fruit juices were introduced to children at about 3 months old in 40% of the subjects. d) Approximately 60% of the children had their meals regularly and the rest of the subjects had irregularlity in their meal, mainly because of excess consumption of snacks. e) About $20{\sim}40%$ of total income of sampled families were spent for foods. f) The most favorate main dish was steamed rice, other favorate foods were beef and pickled cabages for boys, and ham and dried laver for girls. The least favorate foods for both sexes were oyster, shellfish and various vegetabes. Fruits, juice, milk, and ice cream are more popular snacks among children. 2. Nutrition survey a) Insufficient caloric intakes were shown in both sexes, comprising 90% of daily recommended dietary allowences for boys and only 75% for girls. Iron intake was strikengly low, reaching only 62% of R.D.A. for boys and 72% for girls. b) The total caloric intake was composed of CHO 62%, protein 18%, and fat 21% respectively. c) The consumption of animal protein comprises 55% of total protein intake. d) The cereal consumption was found to be the highest at the level of 43%. e) When the total caloric intake was divided into each meal and snack, snack took the highest part in any other meal. Each figure showed as follow; breakfast 21%, lunch 27%, supper 22% and Snack 30% for boys, and 23%, 22%, 25% and 30% for girls, respectively. 3. The result of statistical analysis. a) There was a significant relationship between the growth rate and the caloric intake of the subjects at the level of 0.050.01.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제57권3호
• /
• pp.292-306
• /
• 2024

본 연구의 목적은 국민건강영양조사 중 제7-8기 (2016-2019) 자료를 활용하여 청소년의 과일 및 채소 섭취실태 및 이에 영향을 미치는 인구사회학적 특성 및 식생활 관련요인을 탐색하고, 과일 및 채소 섭취에 따라 영양섭취 수준을 비교 분석하고자 하였다. 과일 및 채소를 모두 충분히 섭취한 인원은 1.40%이었으며, 모두 충분히 섭취하지 않는 인원의 비율은 79.54%이었다. 청소년의 과일 섭취에 영향을 주는 요인은 성별, 아버지 학력, 어머니 학력, 아침식사 빈도였다. 여자 청소년이 남자 청소년보다, 아버지 학력이 대학교 이상으로 높은 경우, 어머니 학력이 고등학교 이하로 낮은 경우, 아침식사 빈도가 주 3회 이상인 경우 3회 미만인 경우보다 과일을 충분히 섭취하였다. 청소년의 채소 섭취에 영향을 주는 요인은 성별과 가구소득이었다. 남자 청소년이 여자 청소년보다, 가구소득이 상인 경우 가구소득이 하인 경우 보다 채소를 충분히 섭취하였다. 청소년의 과일 및 채소 섭취에 영향을 주는 요인은 아침섭취빈도, 가구소득, 외식, 영양표시 인지 여부였다. 여자 청소년이 남자 청소년보다, 외식을 하루 1회 미만 하는 경우, 가구소득이 하인 경우, 영양표시를 인지하는 경우 과일 및 채소를 충분히 섭취하였다. 청소년의 1일 영양소 섭취량과 1일 영양섭취기준에 대한 영양소 섭취 비율은 과일 또는 채소의 섭취 수준에 따라 유의적인 차이가 나타났다. 칼슘과 철의 1일 권장량에 대한 섭취비율은 미충족군과 과일충족군에서 낮았으며, 비타민 A와 비타민 C의 1일 권장량에 대한 섭취비율은 미충족군에서 가장 낮았다. 그러나 과일 및 채소충족군은 칼슘과 비타민 A를 제외한 나머지 모든 영양소에서 1일 영양섭취기준의 100% 이상을 섭취하였다. 본 연구결과를 통하여 청소년이 과일 및 채소를 모두 충분히 섭취하는 경우 거의 모든 영양소의 1일 권장섭취량을 충족한 것으로 분석되었다. 그러나 과일 및 채소를 모두 충분히 섭취하는 인원의 비율은 매우 낮은 것으로 나타나 청소년의 과일 및 채소섭취를 장려할 수 있도록 구체적인 영양교육의 방안은 물론 현실적으로 효율적인 영양정책이 도입되어야 함을 시사하고 있다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제15권5호
• /
• pp.658-664
• /
• 2002

This study was conducted to determine a proper feeding regime for lactating Holstein cows during the warm season in Taiwan. In Feeding Trial, 21 lactating Holstein cows were randomly allotted into three feeding regimes in a Completely Randomized Design. The feeding regimes were roughage fed ad libitum along with concentrate fed either twice daily (2C) or four times daily (4C), and total mixed ration (TMR) for 8 weeks. No significant differences among the three feeding regimes were found in body weight changes, and intakes in terms of dry matter, crude protein and net energy. For milk yield and 4% FCM yield, 4C were higher than the other two feeding regimes (p<0.05). No significant differences were found in milk compositions or differences noted in the yields of the respective milk components. TMR was worse than 2C and 4C (p<0.05) in milk production efficiencies in terms of dry matter intake per kg milk yield, crude protein intake per kg milk protein yield, as well as dry matter intake, net energy intake and crude protein intake per kg 4% FCM yield. Three ruminally fistulated Holstein dry cows were randomly assigned into the same three feeding regimes in a 3${\times}$3 Latin Square Design. No significant differences were found among the feeding regimes in ruminal pH, ammonia nitrogen, total VFA concentration, molar percentages of VFA, and acetic acid: propionic acid ratio (C$_2$/C$_3$). Taken all together, roughage fed ad libitum and concentrate fed four times daily was the better feeding regime for lactating cows during the warm season in Taiwan.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.41-55
• /
• 1983

A dietary survey of young childern from one to six-year old, was conducted in summer and in winter, in Yonggin-gun, Kyunggi-do, to survey the differences in food and nutrient intake between a one day and a three day term, and between the winter and the summer season, in an attempt to provide a basis for the development of adequate dietary survey methodology. A total of 65 children originally were surveyed from July 3 to 11, 1981. However, since 9 of the 65 subjects moved away from the original addresses, 54 subjects were available for the winter-term survey, which was conducted from January 15 to 23, 1982. Among a total of 13 foods, intake of cereals (p<0.001), vegetables (p<0.05), beverage and ice candies (p<0.05) were significant in affecting the daily difference : one day vs. three days. Intakes of energy (p<0.05) and carbohydrate (p<0.05) were also significant in affecting daily difference. Among a total of 13 foods, intake of eggs, milk and milk products, sea-weeds, vegetables, cereals, potatoes, fat and oils, were significant in affecting seasonal difference : summer vs. winter. Intake of fat and ascorbic acid were also significant in affceting seasonal difference.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제63권5호
• /
• pp.1086-1097
• /
• 2021

This study examined the impact of using total mixed ration (TMR) and concentrate on feed intake, daily gain, carcass yield grade, and carcass quality grade of Hanwoo steers and its subsequent economic efficiency. Thirty six 7-month-old Hanwoo steers were assigned to one of the four treatment groups, and each group was divided into three repeated pens, with each repeated pen comprising three steers. The treatment groups were: 1) separate feeding with commercial concentrate and forage (namely, SCF) for the entire experimental period; 2) TMR feeding for a growing period followed by SCF for the early and late fattening period (namely, TMRGSCF); 3) TMR feeding for growing and an early fattening period followed by SCF for the late fattening period (namely, TMREFSCF); and 4) TMR feeding for the entire experimental period (namely, TMRW). The results showed that the SCF treatment had significantly (p < 0.05) higher feed intake during the growing period than other treatments. In contrast, the total feed intake had little difference during early and late fattening as well as the whole period regardless of feeding strategies. Daily gain showed no difference during the growing period. However, it was significantly higher in SCF and TMREFSCF treatments for the early and late fattening period, respectively (p < 0.05). The daily gain during the total raising period is in the order of TMREFSCF > TMRGSCF > SCF > TMRW. Carcass characteristics, including carcass weight, loin eye muscle area, and carcass yield grade, did not significantly differ among different treatments. However, TMRW treatment, wherein TMR was fed for a long time, showed that the cold carcass weight was less compared with other treatments, but carcass yield grade was higher with thinner backfat. Backfat thickness was in the order of SCF > TMRGSCF > TMREFSCF > TMRW, showing that the thickness reduced with longer TMR feeding (p < 0.05). TMRGSCF, which numerically had a higher carcass quality grade, showed higher economic efficiency, whereas SCF showed low economic efficiency. In conclusion, it was more feasible to apply TMR strategy in the growing and early fattening period and then SCF for the early or late fattening period to improve carcass yield, quality grade, and economic efficiency.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제36권5호
• /
• pp.464-473
• /
• 2021

Although fine dust pollution in Korea is increasing, there is no information regarding nutritional standards for fine dust-related disease patients. This study analyzed the food and nutrient intake status in adult men with disease associated with fine dust in the area with the increased level of fine dust pollution using the sixth and seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2017). The daily intakes, and average nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) and mean adequacy ratio (MAR) values of energy were significantly increased in the control group compared with patient groups. Compared with the control group, protein, fat and cholesterol intakes were significantly increased in the patient groups. Daily intakes of cereals and grain products in the control group were increased, whereas seasoning intake was decreased in the control group compared with patient groups. The patient groups had low daily water and vitamin B₁ intakes, and the niacin intake of patient groups was significantly lower than that of the control group. Nutrition density and nutritional quality of vitamin C were significantly reduced in patient groups. This study can be used as basic data for nutrition education that emphasizes sufficient calorie, water and antioxidant vitamin intakes for patients related to fine dust pollution.