• 가정간호학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.135-147
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• 2001

The aim of this descriptive study was to identify the impact of chronic illness on children and their families. Mothers of 177 children with chronic disease were recruited from aged one to 17 years hospitalizing the pediatric nursing unit at one university hospital. 28 questions. a self-complete maternal questionnaire developed by researchers based on literatures and 'The Impact of Childhood Illness Scale' (Hoare & Russell, 1995) assess four aspects of the child's and family's lifestyle with two dimensions for each question. the frequency of the problem and its importance of concern that it cause. In the data analysis. Pearson correlation coefficients and analysis of variance were used to test any association and a statistical comparisons. between individual variables and the impact on child's and family's lifestyle. The results were as follows: 1) There were the higher mean scores on the importance dimension than on the frequency dimension on total impact on child's and family's lifestyle. On the importance dimension. mothers had much higher levels of concern about impact on child's development and adjustment among subscales. On the frequency dimension, mothers had much higher levels of concern about impact on the family daily living on subscales. 2) The impact on child's and family's lifestyle related on individual variables were: (1) On the importance dimension. there was statistically significant low in the impact on child's development and adjustment among subscales in older parent group compared with it of younger parent group. (2) On the frequency dimension. there were statistically significant high in the impact on child's development and adjustment among subscales in the children with leukemia or cancer compared with it of the other children who had another chronic illnesses. And there were statistically significant high in the impact on child's development and adjustment among subscales in less than high school educated mothers compared with it of mothers who was educated college level. (3) On the frequency dimension. There were statistically significant high in the impact on family's daily living among subscales and total impact on child's and family's lifestyle in female children. (4) There was positive correlation between impact on parents daily living and frequency of child's hospitalization on the frequency dimension. but there was negative correlation between the two variables on the importance dimension. (5) There was positive correlation between impact of chronic illness and its treatment and duration of child's hospitalization on the frequency dimension. In conclusion. these results were reflected by the high level of concerns about impact on child's development and adjustment although mothers had frequently responded about the impact on the family daily living. We suggest consistent intervening program that help the family empowering to make children live with and adjust to their chronic illnesses from the point of diagnosis and after discharge from the hospital. We also suggest these results can be utilized as a useful data in the practice of home health nursing for children who have chronic illnesses and their families.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.34-44
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between school adjustment and stress-coping styles among adolescents. Methods: This is a descriptive correlation survey using a convenience sample of 701 middle school students in Seoul, Gyeonggi, Incheon, Jeonbuk, and Gangwon province, Korea. The study's questionnaire included a scale of school adjustment and a scale of stress-coping style. The data analysis, using the SPSS 19.0 program, involved frequency, the mean and standard deviation, the t-test, ANOVA, the scheffe test, and the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: Positive correlations were identified between positive stress-coping styles and the adjustment to school life of adolescents. The degree of school adjustment varied significantly according to the region, grade, attending private educational institutes after school or not, academic performance, daily study hours after school, and the hours students spend on gaming and Internet use a day. With regard to the behaviors to cope with stress, teenagers with a higher sense of life-satisfaction tended to show active coping behaviors, and female students were more likely to show positive or negative coping behaviors than mystic coping behaviors. Since adolescents' stress-coping styles showed connection with their adjustment to school, it is necessary to develop stress management programs to help middle school students adjust to school life. Conclusion: Based on the study's findings, it is important to develop programs which can help students adjust to school and learn how to cope with stress positively.

• 한국임상보건과학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2013

Purpose. This study was to investigate that the adjustment of Chiropractic pelvis method have effect on body balance and improvement people who has some problem in their daily life. Methods. With 20 students of experiment group and 20 students of compare group who has cervical syndrome, experiment group has adjustment of chiropractic pelvis 2 times a week for 4 weeks, the other group who didn't take any action. Results. As a result, center of body of experiment group wasn't improved relations between left and right statistically. But the relations between front and back of center of body increased statistically, cross analysis relations between short leg and center of body increased statistically. Conclusions. As a conclusion, experiment group with the front of center of body was improved 12.88% average of center of body. Experiment group with back of center of body was improved 13.84% average of center of body. This result come to the conclusion that chiropractic pelvis adjustment help the front and back of body balance.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2013

연평균 일교통량(AADT)은 교통 및 도로부문에서 중요한 기초자료로 활용되지만 예산 제약 등의 한계로 인해 일부 지점에 대해서만 상시조사를 통해서 AADT를 산출하고 있으며, 대다수의 지점에서는 단기 교통량 조사에서 수집된 샘플자료를 이용하여 AADT를 추정 활용하고 있다. 현재 단기 교통량 조사지점의 AADT 추정을 위하여 조사된 자료를 단순 평균하는 방법이 적용되고 있다. 기존 AADT 추정모형은 보정계수를 적용하는 방법이 대표적인 방법이나, 이 방법은 단기 교통량 조사 지점이 어떤 상시조사 지점의 보정계수를 적용할지에 대한 객관적인 방법이 없어 한계가 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 공간통계모형을 도입하여 교통량 자료의 공간상관관계를 분석하고, 크리깅 모형을 적용하여 AADT를 추정하는 방법에 대하여 알아보았다. 공간통계모형의 AADT 추정의 정확도를 기존 연구와 비교하기 위하여 동일 대구간의 상시조사 지점의 보정계수를 적용하는 방법(방법 1)과 보정계수 그룹핑을 이용하여 해당 그룹의 보정계수를 적용하는 방법(방법 2), 공동크리깅을 적용한 방법(방법 3)을 비교분석하였다. 분석결과 공동크리깅을 적용한 모형은 기존 모형에 비해 AADT 추정 정확도가 향상되는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.11-22
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• 1998

Social support may be a crucial aspect in single mothers' adjustment from the loss of spouse. Using a survey data collected from 285 widowed or divorced mothers, this study investigated whether social support buffers the deleterious effects of stress on psychological adjustment among poor single mothers. Results revealed that social support is not provided for at a desirable level. After controlling the single mothers' characteristics, stress in daily life, emotional support, job status and child relationship were associated with depression of them. It was also founded that emotional support buffer the negative effect of stress on depression of single mothers. Therefore, the support programs focused on emotional support are necessary for single mothers to enhance their mental health.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 6th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.595-596
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• 2015

Growing demand for traditional Korean housing, modernized Korean traditional housing (Hanok) was developed as a way of providing Hanok for the public. However, the standard cost data for Hanok has limitations, as it was developed based on single mock-up project actually constructed and verified by another mock-up Hanok. In order to meet these research objectives, daily report composition which is easy-to-use for on-site workers and managers and also easy-to-accumulate standard cost data was developed first. Secondly, access to the system was made easy through a web server. Finally, an automated calculation formula was inserted to allow the last inputted data to be automatically included for adjustment of standard costs. This system was designed from an industry perspective so that any unspecified and nonprofessional users can easily use. For the users, it has an advantage that on-site workers are provided with a daily report system through web server and also they are able to complete such reports through simple input and output without any additional forms.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.548-556
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was done to investigate the relationship between self esteem, stress, depression and school adjustment among adolescents who were victims of bullying and those who were not. Methods: The questionnaire included the Peer Victimization Scale (Callaghan & Joseph, 1995), Self-esteem Scale, (Rosenberg, 1965), Daily Hassles Questionnaire (Feiner, Ginter & Primavera, 1982) and Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (Radloff, 1977). Data from 738 questionnaires were analyzed using frequencies, means, ${\chi}^2$-test, t-test and logistic regression analysis with SPSS 14.0. Results: Victims of bullying accounted for 19.8% of the students. Significant differences were found for grade, school record, family living together, satisfaction with parents and satisfaction with friends between students who were victims of bullying and those who were not. Self esteem and school adjustment for the victims of bullying were lower than for those in the non-victim group, and stress and depression were higher. The logistic regression analysis revealed that school record, family living together, satisfaction with friends, self esteem, friend related stress, family related stress and depression were significantly associated with being a victim of bullying. Conclusion: The result of this study offer basic data for the development of intervention programs to prevent students becoming victims of bullying.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제26권1D호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2006

임의의 도로에서 교통량 변동은 해당 도로를 이용하는 사람들의 경제활동, 생활패턴을 반영한 결과이다. 또한 도로가 위치한 곳, 도로의 용도 등에 따라 시간에 따른 교통량 변동 특성은 다르게 나타나는 것이 일반적이다. 본 논문에서는 산지 관광부, 해양 관광부와 같은 관광지로 접근하기 위한 도로의 교통량 특성을 나타내는 지표인 월 보정계수(Monthly Adjustment Factor), 요일 보정계수(Weekly Adjustment Factor), 그리고 설계시간계수(Design hourly Factor)를 산출하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 관광부 도로별 교통량 특성이 분석될 경우, 해당 도로의 적정 연평균일교통량(AADT) 및 설계시간교통량의 추정은 물론, 효율적인 교통소통정책 및 교통처리대책의 수립에도 크게 기여할 것으로 기대되며, 향후 도로용량편람 등의 개정을 위한 기초연구로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.281-288
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• 1987

In this study we have evaluated daily beverage intake of the inhabitants in Seoul by a 24 hrs. recall procedure from 1145 respondents between pre-school children to adults in the period of June-July 1985. Estimates of consumption were made for each of seven beverage groups and comparisons were made within age, sex and body weight. Significant differences existed for certain beverage in each category analyzed. Total Fluid intake was greater for male than female at all ages and tended to be lower in the older age group with adjustment for differences in body weight. Milk was the major beverage among children while soft drinks were the predominant beverage for teen-ages. Alcoholic drinks represented the smallest component of daily fluid intake among women but were the second largest component of daily fluid levels for men over the age of 24 years.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.977-985
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• 2012

Data quality and climate forecasting performance deteriorates because of long climate data contaminated by non-climatic factors such as the station relocation or new instrument replacement. For a trusted climate forecast, it is necessary to implement data quality control and test inhomogeneous data. Before the inhomogeneity test, a reference series was created by $d$ index to measure the temperature series relationship between the candidate and surrounding stations. In this study, a inhomogeneity test to each season and climatological station was performed on the daily mean temperatures, daily minimum temperatures and daily maximum temperatures. After comparing two inhomogeneity tests, the traditional and the adjusted SNHT method, we found the adjusted SNHT method was slightly superior to the traditional one.