• Title/Summary/Keyword: DVE

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Probing Equivocal Effects of Heat Processing of Legume Seeds on Performance of Ruminants - A Review -

  • Yu, P.;Tamminga, S.;Egan, A.R.;Christensen, D.A.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.17 no.6
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    • pp.869-876
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    • 2004
  • Published studies show that effects of heat processing of legume seeds on animal performance are equivocal. In this article, we used a nutrition model - the DVE/OEB system to re-analyze nutrient supply (such as truly absorbed intestinal protein DVE value and protein degradation balance OEB value) to ruminants from published studies to probe reasons for such equivocal effects and provided some explanation why equivocal effects occurred. The analysis results showed that an unsuitable supply of nutrients in terms of DVE and OEB intakes (negative total OEB intake, oversupply of total DVE values) resulted in an inability to detect the effectiveness of heat processing in altering bypassing protein (BCP) and/or starch (BST) and their effects. The overall nutrient supply to animal in an experiment should be the context in which any animal performance study is developed. The information described in this article may give better understanding of animal performance in relation to nutritive changes occurring upon processing of legume seeds.

A Partitioning Method of Balancing CPU Utilization of Servers in DVE (분산 가상 환경에서 균등 부하 분산을 위한 CPU 사용률 기반 파티션 분할)

  • Won, Dong-Kee;An, Dong-Un;Chung, Seung-Jong
    • Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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    • 2008.06a
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    • pp.777-778
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    • 2008
  • The partitioning problem is one of efficient issues on designing an excellent DVE. A brilliant partitioning method is related with assigning several avatars into the suitable servers with well balancing the growing requirement of bandwidth and computational resources in DVE. In this paper, a new method LCAA is proposed. The LCAA is a new partitioning method that balancing the CPU utilization of servers in DVE especially.

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Scalable sub-region based inter-region interaction management for distributed virtual environments (분산 가상 환경을 위한 확장성 있는 서브 영역 기반의 영역간 상호작용 관리)

  • 임민규;이동만
    • Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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    • 1999.10c
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    • pp.203-205
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    • 1999
  • 분산 가상환경(DVE)이 대규모가 되어감에 따라, 고려해야 할 중요한 사항중의 하나는 확장성이다. DVE에 확장성을 지원하기 위한 여러 접근 방법 중의 하나는 region 분할 방법이다. 대부분의 DVE 시스템에서는 region은 분리되어 있으며 이웃한 region의 사용자들 사이의 상호작용이 지원된다. 하지만 사용자들은 항상 자신이 관심을 가지고 있는 이웃 region들 안의 모든 사용자 상태 정보를 알아야 한다. 이것은 region간 상호작용을 하는 사용자들에게 통신에 따른 부하가 많이 걸리게 되며 따라서 시스템 확장성이 떨어지게 된다. 본 연구에서는 region 관리자가 현재 region안의 사용자들에 대한 관심도가 높은 이웃 region안의 사용자들의 일부만 선택한다. 이를 통해 region안의 사용자들은 이웃 region으로부터 모든 갱신 메시지를 받지 않아도 된다. 본 연구를 통해 DVE 시스템은 확장성 있는 region안에서의 상호작용뿐만 아니라 region간 상호작용을 지원할 수 있다.

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Protein Evaluation of Dry Roasted Whole Faba Bean (Vicia faba) and Lupin Seeds (Lupinus albus) by the New Dutch Protein Evaluation System: the DVE/OEB System

  • Yu, P.;Egan, A.R.;Leury, B.J.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.12 no.6
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    • pp.871-880
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    • 1999
  • The effects of dry roasting (110, 130, $150^{\circ}C$ for 15, 30, 45 min) on potential ruminant protein nutritional values in terms of: a), rumen bypass protein (BCP); b), rumen bypass starch (BST); c), fermented organic matter (FOM); d), true absorbed bypass protein (ABCP); e) microbial protein synthesized in the rumen based on available energy (E_MP); f), microbial protein synthesized in the rumen based on available nitrogen (N_MP); g), true protein supplied to the small intestine (TPSI); h), true absorbed rumen synthesized microbial protein (AMP); i), endogenous protein losses (ENDP); j), true digested protein in the small intestine (DVE); k), degraded protein balance (OEB) of whole lupin seeds (WLS) and faba beans (WFB) were evaluated by the new Dutch DV/OEB protein evaluation system. Dry roasting significantly increased BCP, BST, TPSI, ABCP, DVE (p<0.001) and decreased FOM, E_MP, AMP, N_MP and OEB (p<0.001) with increasing temperatures and times except that when temperature was at $110^{\circ}C$. The values of BCP, BST, TPSI, ABCP and DVE at $150^{\circ}C/45min$ for WLS and WFB were increased 2.2, 3.7; -, 2.0; 1.7, 1.7; 2.3, 3.7 and 1.7, 1.7 times and the values of FOM, E_MP, AMP, N_MP and OEB at $150^{\circ}C/45min$ for WLS and WFB were decreased by 15.3, 25.8; 18.1, 25.8; 18.7, 25.8; 54.6, 41.6 and 82.3% 54.7%, respectively, over the raw WLS and WFB. The results indicated that though dry roasting reduced microbial protein synthesis due to reducing FOM, TPSI didn't decrease but highly increased due to increasing BCP more than enough for compensation of the microbial protein decreasing. Therefore the net absorbable DVE in the small intestine was highly increased. The OEB values were significantly reduced for both WLS and WFB but not to the level of negative. It indicated that microbial protein synthesis might not be impaired due to the sufficient N supplied in the rumen, but the high positive OEB values in the most treatments except of $150^{\circ}C$ for 30 and 45 min of WLS (The OEB values: 54.8 and 26.0 g/kg DM) indicated that there were the large amounts of N loss in the rumen. It was concluded that dry roasting at high temperature was effective in shifting protein degradation from rumen to intestines and it increased the DVE values without reaching the negative OEB values. No optimal treatment was found in WLS due to the too high OEB values in all treatments. But dry roasting at $150^{\circ}C$ for 30 and 45 min might be optimal treatments for WLS due to the very lower OEB values.

A Scalable Load Balancing Scheme for Large-Scale Multi-Server Distributed Virtual Environment (DVE) Systems (대규모 다중 서버 분산 가상 환경 시스템을 위한 확장성 있는 로드 밸런싱 기법)

  • 이경민;이동만;김성훈;장소희;박은광;현순주
    • Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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    • 2002.10e
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    • pp.160-162
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    • 2002
  • 분산 가상 환경(Distributed Virtual Environment, DVE)시스템의 규모가 커지면서 확장성(scalability)이 중요한 이슈가 되고 있다. 시스템의 확장성을 높이기 위해 제안된 다중 서버 DVE 시스템에서 사용자들의 집단적인 움직임 특성은 서버간 작업부하의 불균형을 초래한다. 이는 전체 시스템의 효용을 떨어뜨리고 다중 서버의 효과를 감소시킨다. 결과적으로 시스템의 확장성이 저하된다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 기존에 제안된 로드 밸런싱 기법은 크게 로컬 기법과 글로벌 기법으로 구분할 수 있다. 로컬 기법은 적은 비용을 갖지만 작업부하의 분포가 한쪽으로 치우쳐 있을 경우 성능이 낮다. 글로벌 기법은 좋은 성능을 보여주는 반면, 서버의 수가 증가하면 비용이 크게 증가한다. 본 논문은 서버들의 작업부하분포에 동적으로 적응(adaptation)하는, 대규모 다중 서버 DVE 시스템을 위한 확장성 있는 로드 밸런싱 기법을 제안한다. 제안하는 기법에서 과부하된 서버는 그 주변 서버들의 작업부하가 적을 경우 로컬 확산 (Local Diffusion) 로드 밸런싱을 수행하고, 그렇지 않을 경우 제한적 글로벌 (Limited Scope Global)로드 밸런싱을 수행한다. 시뮬레이션 결과를 통해 제안하는 기법이 효율(efficiency)의 측면에서 기존의 로컬 기법과 글로벌 기법보다 각각 14%, 3%가 우수함을 보인다. 또한, 제안하는 기법은 서버의 수가 증가함에 따라 효율이 감소하는 추세가 기존 기법들보다 완만함을 보인다.

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Design of Network Protocols for Distributed Virtual Environments (분산 가상 환경을 위한 네트워크 프로토콜의 설계)

  • Ko, Dong-Il;Choi, Yang-Hee
    • Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.1-11
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    • 2000
  • Recently, the explosive popularity of Internet gave birth to researches on Distributed Virtual Environments(DVE). They aim at providing a shared application data environment at realtime for users participating in the same application session across Internet. As more users join the session, and as more multimedia data are shared, because of network resource limitation, it is more difficult to maintain the quality of DVE, such as users' satisfaction level. Previous works mainly tried to solve the scalability, synchronization and data transport issues at the application level, with limited success. We suggest a new network centric solution, that consists of a novel network architecture and protocols upon which any large-scale DVE application can be easily developed. The performance of the proposed scheme, called GAIA, is verified by simulation.

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Model Prediction of Nutrient Supply to Ruminants from Processed Field Tick Beans

  • Yu, P.;Christensen, D.A.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.17 no.12
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    • pp.1674-1680
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    • 2004
  • The objective of this study was to compare the Dutch DVE/OEB system and the NRC-2001 model in the prediction of supply of protein to dairy cows from processed field tick beans. Comparisons were made in terms of 1) ruminally synthesized microbial CP, 2) truly absorbed protein in the small intestine, and 3) degraded protein balance. The results showed that the predicted values from the DVE/OEB system and the NRC-2001 model had significant correlations with high R (>0.90) values. However, using the DVE/OEB system, the overall average microbial protein supply based on available energy was 16% higher and the truly absorbed protein in the small intestine was 9% higher than that predicted by the NRC-2001 model. The difference was also found in the prediction of the degraded protein balances (DPB), which was 5% lower than that predicted based on data from the NRC-2001 model. These differences are due to considerably different factors used in calculations in the two models, although both are based on similar principles. It need to mention that this comparison was based on the limited data, the full comparison involving various types of concentrate feeds will be investigated in the future.

Congestion Control Method of Area of Interest in Distributed Virtual Environment (분산가상환경에서 참여자 관심영역의 혼잡도 조절기법)

  • 유석종
    • Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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    • v.7 no.4
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    • pp.550-558
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    • 2004
  • Previous researches on scalability problem of distributed virtual environment (DVE) have been mainly focused on spatial partitioning of area of interest (AOI). Congestion phenomena by avatar groups in AOI have been neglected relatively However, AOI congestion is highly related to scalability of DVE because it exhausts system resources such as network bandwidth and rendering time, and could be a bar to perform collaboration among participants. In this paper, this will be defined as the problem that must be solved for the realization of the scalable DVE, and a model will be proposed to measure and control congestion situation in AOI. The purposes of the proposed model are to prevent high density of participants in AOI, and to protect stable collaboration in DVE. For evaluation of the performance it is compared with a previous method by defining the resource cost model which is dynamically activated to AOI congestion.

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Cell-based Participant Management Model in Distributed Virtual Environment (셀분할 모델에 기반한 가상공간 다중참여자 관리기법)

  • 유석종
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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    • 2003.10a
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    • pp.527-531
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    • 2003
  • Previous researches on scalability problem of distributed virtual environment (DVE) have been mainly focused on spatial partitioning of area of interest (AOI). Congestion phenomena by avatar groups in AOI have been neglected relatively. However, AOI congestion is highly related to scalability of DVT because it exhausts system resources such as network bandwidth and rendering time, and could be a bar to perform collaboration among participants. In this paper, this will be defined as the problem that must be solved for the realization of the scalable DVE, and a model will be proposed to measure and control congestion situation in AOI. The purposes of the proposed model are to prevent high density of participants in AOI, and to protect stable collaboration in DVE. For evaluation of the performance it is compared with a previous method by defining the resource cost model which is dynamically activated to AOI congestion.

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