• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.197-209
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• 2004

The study was aimed at evaluating the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of methanol extract of Caesalpinia bonducella leaves (MECB) (Family: Caesalpiniaceae). The effect of MECB on antioxidant activity, reducing power, free radical scavenging (DPPH radical, nitric oxide radical, superoxide anion radical, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging), total phenolic content and antimicrobial activities were studied. The antioxidant activity of MECB increased in a dose dependent manner. About 50, 100, 250 and 500 g of MECB showed 53.4, 61.2, 69.1 and 76.2 % inhibition respectively on peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion. Like antioxidant activity, the effect of MECB on reducing power increased in a dose dependent manner. The free radical scavenging activity of MECB was determined by DPPH radical scavenging method. The potency of this activity was increased with increased amount of extract. MECB was found to inhibit the nitric oxide radicals generated from sodium nitroprusside $(IC_{50}\;=\;102.8\;g/ml)$ whereas the $IC_{50}$ value of curcumin was 20.4 g/ml. Moreover, the MECB was found to scavenge the superoxide generated by photoreduction of Riboflavin. MECB was also found to inhibit the hydroxyl radical generated by Fenton reaction, where the $IC_{50}$ value is 104.17 g/ml compared with catechin 5 g/ml, which indicates the antioxidant activity of MECB. The MECB capable of scavenging hydrogen peroxide in a concentration-dependent manner. The amounts of total phenolic compounds were also determined. Antimicrobial activities of MECB were carried out using disc diffusion methods with five Gram positive, four Gram negative and four fungal species. The results obtained in the present study indicate that MECB leaves are potential source of natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.1601-1605
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• 2004

To develop the functional food, methanol extracts of dried plantain (Plantago asiatica L.) was fractionated in hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and aqueous fraction. DPPH radical scavenging effect, reducing power, nitrite scavenging effect and antimicrobial activities of these fractions were investigated. Ethyl acetate fraction among these fractions showed the highest effect of all experiments. Ethyl acetate fraction showed about 60% scavenging effect on the DPPH radicals at 400 $\mu$g/5 mL. Nitrite scavenging effect of ethyl acetate and butanol fraction was more than 70~80% at concentration above of 500 $\mu$g. Among various solvent fractions from methanol extracts of plantain, ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest inhibitory effect on the microorganism such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus at 5 mg/disc.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.57-63
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• 2009

In recent year, We are concerned about anti-aging, disease-protection, long-life, many methods are used in solving this problem. And Those are related with antioxidative ability. Recently, We heard that Cucurbita moschata Duch. has anti-hypertensive effect and good for health. So I let made a experiment for this result of the anti-oxidant effect of Cucurbita moschata Duch. used for 3 methods, those are DPPH radical scavenging activity, Nitric oxide(NO) radical scavenging activity and Bovine serum albumin(BSA). The results of this study were as follows: We measured level of DPPH radical scavenging activity. And we obtained results that the ability of DPPH radical's elimination was increased when concentration of Cucurbita moschata Duch. was to $20\;mg/m{\ell}$. We measured level of Nitric oxide(NO) radical scavenging activity. And we founded that the ability of NO radical's elimination was increased when concentration of Cucurbita moschata Duch. was to $10\;mg/m{\ell}$. When we inspected antioxidation with Bovine serum albumin(BSA). And we obtained that antioxidative ability was increased after$2.5\;mg/m{\ell}$ of Cucurbita moschata Duch.. So I guess that Cucurbita moschata Duch. has effect of antioxidative ability. Hereafter we need differential experimental methods for evidence of antioxidative effect on Cucurbita moschata Duch.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2009

This study was carried out in order to determine the biological activities such as antioxidant activities in nine cultivars of Momordica charantia L. (Korea, China, Japan and Philippine native cultivars). Their antioxidant activities were measured using DPPH free radical scavenging, ABTS cation radical scavenging, and Nitrite scavenging ability. The highest total polyphenol content (16.82 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$) measured in the native Korea cultivar, and this value was 4.0 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ higher than that of the 'Verde Beuhas' cultivar (12.82 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$). The 'Peacock' cultivar had the highest total flavonoid amount which was 4.38 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$. The free radical scavenging activity using DPPH method was the highest in the native China cultivar ($RC_{50}$ = 102.6 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$). ABTS cation radical scavenging activity according to cultivars was significantly higher in 'Peacock'. Nitrite scavenging ability showed the most remarkable effect at the pH 1.2, exhibited to 81.5${\sim}$86.9% by addition of ethanol extract 1${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ from Momordica charantia L. These results suggest that Momordica charantia L. had the potent biological activities, and that their activities exhibited differently depending on cultivars.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.202-208
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• 2018

This experiment was conducted to determine optimal hot-air drying time for producing antioxidative calendula tea. The edible calendula was dried in hot air at $60^{\circ}C$ for 5, 10, 15 hours and Hunter's color value was measured and extracted with 95% ethanol as a solvent. The contents of total polyphenol, total flavonoid, total carotenoid and DPPH (2,2 Dipheny-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity were investigated. The correlation between the amount of antioxidant and antioxidant activity was analyzed. As the treatment time increased, the Hunter values of L, a, and b tended to decrease, and the L value and b value decreased significantly at 15 hours. The color change was occurred in all treatments compared with the control, and the total color difference (${\Delta}E$) was the largest at 15 hours treatment. The contents of total flavonoids, total carotenoids and DPPH scavenging activity increased in the 5 hours, but decreased in the 15 hours compared to the 10 hours. The content of total polyphenol was not changed with different treatment time. A positive correlation ($p{\leq}0.01$, r = 0.610) between carotenoids and DPPH radical scavenging activity was demonstrated. The DPPH radical scavenging activity was increased at 5 and 10 hours compared to the control and decreased at 15 hours. Therefore, 5 hours or 10 hours of treatment is appropriate and further studies are needed to determine the specific treatment time.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.1217-1223
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• 2014

This study was attempted to investigate antioxidant activities of water and ethanol extract from Rosa multiflora (RM) by in vitro assays measuring 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, 2,2'-azino-di-2-ethyl-benzthiazoline sulphonate (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, reducing power activity, nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging activity, total phenol and total flavonoid content. The water and ethanol extracts from RM scavenged the DPPH radical and ABTS radical in a dose-dependent manner at the concentration range from 10 to $500{\mu}g/ml$. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of water extract was higher than that of ethanol extract. $IC_{50}$ of DPPH radical scavenging activity of water and ethanol extract were $79.73{\mu}g/ml$ and $145.85{\mu}g/ml$. The reducing power activity of water extract was higher than that of ethanol extract. The nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging activity of the RM extract was similar to their DPPH radical scavenging activity. $IC_{50}$ of ABTs radical scavenging activity of water and ethanol extract was $79.82{\mu}g/ml$ and $159.03{\mu}g/ml$. The reducing power activity of water extract (0.775) was higher than that of ethanol extract (0.568). Total phenolic content of water extract (140.74 mg/g) was higher than that of the ethanol extracts (37.83 mg/g). Total flavonoid content of water extract (45.31 mg/g) was higher than that of the ethanol extracts (42.68 mg/g). This results suggest that water extract of RM may be useful as potential antioxidant sources.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.713-719
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• 2011

The antioxidant activities of the ethanol extract of Arctium lappa were assessed by measuring the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl( DPPH) radical scavenging effect, inhibition of $Fe^{2+}$-induced lipid peroxidation, inhibition of malondialdehyde(MDA)-bovine serum albumin(BSA) conjugation reaction and antimutagenic capacities using the Ames test. The DPPH radical scavenging activity and inhibition of $Fe^{2+}$-induced lipid peroxidation of the $Arctium$ $lappa$ ethanol extract significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner. In the radical scavenging assay using DPPH, the $IC_{50}$ of the Arctium lappa extract was 296 ${\mu}g$/assay(1.29 mg of dry sample). In addition, the $IC_{50}$ in the inhibition of $Fe^{2+}$-induced lipid peroxidation was 1,759 ${\mu}g$/assay(7.65 mg of dry sample). This extract also significantly inhibited the MDA-BSA conjugation reaction with an $IC_{50}$ of 57.58 mg/assay(250 mg of dry sample). However, no inhibitory effects against the direct and indirect mutagenicities in $Salmonella$ Typhimurium TA98 and TA100 were observed. Based on these results, the ethanol extract of $Arctium$ $lappa$ was shown to display considerable antioxidative activities.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.147-155
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• 2000

In order to evaluate anti -oxidant activities and protective effect against oxidatve damage, DPPH radical scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity were measured among methanol extracts prepared from natural medicinal plants. Fourteen natural medicinal plants which were reported to have anti -oxidative or anti-inflammatory effects were selected based on our previous report. In addition to the total methanol extracts, n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate, n-butanol and water fractions were prepared from each total extract. DPPH radical scavenging assay was performed against 14 total extracts and all samples showed dose-dependent activities in various extent. Among those, 6 samples, methanol extracts of Euryale ferox, paeonia suffruticosa, Areca catechu var. dulcissima, Cinnamomun cassia, Alpinia katsumadai and Betula platyphlla var. japonica showed IC$\sub$50/ value lower than 6.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml. The highest DPPH radical scavenging activity was found in ethylacetate fraction of paeonia suffruticosa with IC$\sub$50/ value of 1.1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml. Analysis of lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity on hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage in Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (V79-4) cells revealed that the highest inhibitory effect was observed in methanol extract of Betula platyhpylla var. japonica. Lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity was observed as a dose-dependent manner in all samples used in this study. Among fraction samples, ethylacetate fraction of Alpinia katsumadai had the strongest inhibitory activity with IC$\sub$50/ value of 0.9 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.405-410
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• 2006

A series of aqueous or methanol extracts from four different Korean salad plants were assayed to determine their allelopathy and antioxidant activity. The extracts applied on filter paper in a Petri-dish bioassay significantly inhibited root growth of against alfalfa (Medicago sativa) seedlings. Leaf extracts from 40 g dry tissue $L^{-1}$ of Aster yomena was most phytotoxic to alfalfa root growth, and followed by that of Cirsium japonicum, Taraxacum officinale, and Ixeris dentate. Methanol extracts of plants dose-dependently increased DPPH free radical scavenging activity in vitro. Antioxidant activity of methanol extracts from the same plant species was investigated, and the result showed high DPPH free radical scavenging activity in Cirsium japonicum, Aster yomena, and Ixeris dentate, however, in Taraxacum officinale was least activity. By means of HPLC analysis, chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, and total phenolics with 7.68, 17.47 and 18.64 mg, $100g^{-1}$, respectively, showed the highest amounts in methanol extracts from Cirsium japonicum leaves. These results suggest that Compositae salad plants contain water-soluble substances with allelopathic potential as well as antioxidant activity.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.221-229
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• 2011

Optimization study of the hot water extraction for enhancing antioxidative activity from Auricularia auricula was performed by Taguchi approach using orthogonal matrix $L_9(3^4)$ method. The correlation between DPPH radical scavenging activity and the components of samples extracted from different extraction conditions were also analyzed. The correlation coefficient between DPPH radical scavenging activity and melanin content of A. auricula were 0.93, indicating 'good correlation'. The optimum extraction conditions was obtained at the extraction time of 1 hr. temperature of $85^{\circ}C$, solid: water ratio of 1: 40(w/v) and frequency of 2 times. Under these conditions, values of maximum DPPH free radical scavenging activity and melanin contents of A. auricula were $67.21{\pm}2.17$ and $52.94{\pm}2.10 mg/g$, respectively. Melanin content of 1.6 times and DPPH free radical scavenging effect of 130% were enhanced by optimization.