• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.8
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• pp.1122-1129
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• 2016

In this study, bioactive constituents and biological activities of aronia, blackcurrant, and maquiberry were investigated. The 60% ethanol extracts were prepared and evaluated for total polyphenol, total flavonoid, and total anthocyanin contents. Biological activities, including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), reducing power, tyrosinase inhibitory activity, and nitrite scavenging activity were also examined. Maquiberry showed the highest bioactive constituents as shown based on total polyphenol (73.66 mg GAE/g), total flavonoid (28.08 mg/g), and total anthocyanin (12.82 mg/g) contents compared to aronia and blackcurrant. Maquiberry also exhibited the highest DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity, FRAP, and reducing power at a concentration of 5 mg/mL, which were superior to those of ascorbic acid (a positive control). Therefore, maquiberry could be used as a potential source of antioxidants and functional food substances.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.173-182
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the change of Aaster scaber antioxidative activity, total phenolic compounds and flavonoids during the blanching processes. With two parameters such as blanching time and temperature, response surface methodology and central composite design was used to study the combined effect of blanching time (90 to 162 sec) and blanching temperature (75 to $99^{\circ}C$). We found that antioxidative activity, total phenolic compounds and flavonoids during the blanching processes were influenced by blanching temperature and time. Within process condition, total phenolic compounds and flavonoids were extracted 3.00 - 35.48 mg/g and 2.35 - 8.38 mg/g, respectively. DPPH radical scavenging activity was 42.10 - 67.14%. The change of total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and DPPH radical scavenging activity was dependent of blanching temperature more than time. The total phenolic compounds was increased as temperature rise, but flavonoids not. However, DPPH radical scavenging activity was increased during the blanching process.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.53-60
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• 2016

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate anti-aging and antioxidant effects of extracts of Nelumbo nucifera leaves (NN-L) using ethanol on skin .Methods : Each part of leaves(NN-L), flowers(NN-F) and stem(NN-S) was extracted with 70% ethanol. We performed radical scavenging assay(DPPH, ABTS+, Superoxide anion radical), elastase inhibition assay, collagenase inhibition assay. NN-L extracts were tested for cell viability(MTT assay), MMP-1 inhibition and MMP-1 protein expression on CCD-986sk cells (human fibroblast line).Results : Recently, many studies have reported that elastin is also involved in inhibiting or repairing wrinkle formation, although collagen is a major factor in the skin wrinkle formation. We measured its free radical scavenging activity, elastase inhibitory activity and expression of MMP-1 (matrix metalloprotease-1) in human fibroblast cells. Among the parts of Nelumbo nucifera, NN-L showed the highest antioxidant activities and in radical scavenging. DPPH, ABTS+ and Superoxide anion radical scavenging activity of NN-L at concentration of 1,000 μg/mL were 91.43%, 99.31% and 73.7% respectively. In vitro elastase and collagenase inhibition effects of NN-L at concentration of 1,000 μg/mL was 42.8% and 55.3% respectively. The ethanol extract of NN-L showed cell viability of 95.4% in 50 μg/mL concentration. In addition, The results from Western blot assay showed that NN-L decreased the expression of MMP-1 protein in a dose-dependent manner (by up to 35.0% at 50 μM).Conclusion : The findings suggest that the NN-L great potential as a cosmeceutical ingredient with antioxidant and anti-wrinkling effects.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2009

The antioxidant and anti-diabetes effects were evaluated by the ethanol extracts from Astragalus membranaceus root classified by years using through DPPH radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical (${\cdot}OH$) scavenging activity, total phenolic and flavonoid contents, reducing power activity, $\alpha$-amylase and $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitory activities. $IC_{50}$ values for DPPH radical scavenging activity of ethanol extract from 6 years old root ($749.25{\mu}g/mL$) was higher than 1 year ($1452.67{\mu}g/mL$) and 3 years old root ($1095.61{\mu}g/mL$). 6 years old root showed better effects in ${\cdot}OH$ scavenging activity ($IC_{50}$: $10.58{\mu}g/mL$), reducing power, total phenolic contents ($26.13{\pm}0.79\;Tan\;{\mu}g/mg$, $24.03{\pm}0.74\;Cat\;{\mu}g/mg$) $\alpha$-amylase ($33.33{\pm}0.55%$) and $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitory activity ($49.71{\pm}1.01%$). On the other hand, total flavonoid compound contents were estimated much higher in 1 year old root ($44.93{\pm}1.35\;Que\;{\mu}g/mg$, $70.32{\pm}2.03\;Rut\;{\mu}g/mg$) than others. Based on these results, It was suggested that 6 years old root of A. membranaceus has a potential candidate for functional cosmetic and medicine.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.427-435
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• 2019

Background: A growing interest in health has increased the need for the development of potent antioxidant materials known to play a role in various physiological activities. Currently research and development of non-toxic natural antioxidants with high activity is ongoing. Methods and Results: In this study, we measured 2,2'-azinobis- (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability of 10 plant essential oils, selecting samples of Dendranthema indicum, Dendranthema zawadskii, and Citrus sunki essential oils. The samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography (LC) and the radical scavenging activity on LC-based systems with the same conditions. In the LC-mass spectroscopy (MS)/MS analysis of the active compound peak, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol with a molecular weight of 150.1 g/mol was identified in C. sunki essential oils. Eugenol or isoeugenol with a molecular weight of 164.1 g/mol as identified in D. indicum and D. zawadskii essential oils as radical scavenging active compounds. Conclusions: In the LC-based measurement system, the active ingredient can be identified by simultaneously conducting profile analysis and the radical scavenging activity of essential oil samples. In addition, LC-MS/MS analysis of the active compound peaks can be performed under the same separation conditions to obtain data that can identify the active compounds in the sample.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.263-270
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• 2016

Background: In this study, microwave extraction was used, which is an effective method to extract useful bioactive substances as it requires low quantities of solvent and short time periods. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal extraction conditions for Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. Methods and Results: The independent variables were ethanol concentration, microwave power, and extraction time, each of which had five levels. The dependent variables were total polyphenol and total flavonoid content, and DPPH radical scavenging activity. To determine the optimal extraction conditions for bioactive compounds, a response surface methodology was employed. Contour maps were generated from polynomial equations. The optimal conditions were then assumed by superimposing these contour maps. Based on the resulting graph, the optimal microwave extraction conditions for Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb were determined as 42 - 48% ethanol concentration, 240 - 280W microwave power, and 13 - 20 min of extraction time. Conclusions: Ethanol concentration had a significant effect on microwave extraction, in terms of total polyphenol and total flavonoid content, as well as DPPH radical scavenging activity. Microwave power and extraction time influenced the total polyphenol content, but not the total flavonoid content or the DPPH radical scavenging activity.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.744-750
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• 2015

Purple sweet potatoes were dehydrated with maltodextrin with different dextrose equivalent (DE) values of 4-7, 13-17, 16.5-19.5, and 17-20. Maltodextrin was used as a molecular press dehydrating agent. The molecular dehydration rate of the purple sweet potatoes increased over time. As the DE of maltodextrin increased, the moisture content after 12 h of dehydration decreased from 65.7% to 40.8, 36.1, 34.9, and 28.6% for DE values of 4-7, 13-17, 16.5-17.5, and 17-20, respectively. Additionally, total phenolic content, anthocyanin, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities decreased as the DE value of maltodextrin increased. While maltodextrins with DE values of 16.5-19.5 and 17-20 effectively dehydrated the purple sweet potatoes, total phenolic, anthocyanin, and DPPH radical scavenging activities were lowered during dehydration. The DPPH radical scavenging activities correlated to both the total phenolic content ($r^2=0.96$) and anthocyanin contents ($r^2=0.95$) of the purple sweet potatoes. These results indicate that the purple sweet potatoes were effectively dehydrated with maltodextrin whose DE values ranged 16.5-20, although there were losses in the total phenolic and anthocyanin contents.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.673-675
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• 2003

The antioxidant activities of methanol and dichloromethane extracts of eighteen salt marsh plants were tested by using 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl(DPPH) at a $100{\mu}g/ml$ concentrations. The methanol extracts of four salt marsh plants(Rosa rugosa Thunberg, Erigeron annuus, Ixeris tamagawaensis kitamura, Artemisia capillaris Thunberg) were found to be most effective in DPPH radical scavenging activity. The DPPH radical scavenging effect of these plants was Artemisia capillaris Thunberg(88.67%), Rosa rugosa Thunberg(87.51%), Erigeron annuus(78.49%), Ixeris tamagawaensis kitamura(69.99%) in order and was comparable with that of natural antioxidant, L-ascorbic acid(96.64%). The next effective ones were the methanol extracts of Teragonia tetragonoides(58.66%) and the dichloromethane extracts of Artemisia capillaris Thunberg(54.67%) and the others did not show a considerable activity. These salt marsh plants were evaluated using the pyrogallol UV-VIS spectrophotometeric method to generate superoxide anion. Among them, the dichloromethane extracts of four salt marsh plants and the methanol extracts of fifteen ones were weak superoxide dismutase-like activities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.77-85
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• 2005

이 연구에서는 미국산 R. rhabarbarum L.과 중국산 R. palmatum L.의 줄기 추출물과 그리고 한국산 R. undulatum L.의 뿌리 추출물이 천연항산화제로서의 사용 가능성을 평가하였다. 대황의 페놀화합물을 추출하기 위해서 물, 에탄올, 메탄올이 사용되었다. 에탄올이 대황(Rhubarb)에서 페놀화합물을 추출하는데 가장 효과적인 용매였으며 50% 에탄올은 R. rhabarbarum L. 줄기에, 70% 에탄올은 R. palmatum L.의 줄기에, 80% 에탄올은 R. undulatum L.의 뿌리에서 페놀을 추출하는데 각각 가장 효과적인 용매농도였다. 또한 추출물리 항산화능을 알기 위해 ${\beta}-carotene$ bleaching inhibition activity와 DPPH radical scavenging activity를 측정하였으며 합성항산화제인 BHT와 비교하여 측정하였다. ${\beta}-Carotene$ bleaching inhibition activity 실험에서 추출물의 농도가 증가하면 대황추출물의 항산화능이 역시 증가하였다. 추출물의 농도가 5mg/ml와 10mg/ml 일때 R. undulatum L. 뿌리추출물과 BHT의 항산화능은 유의적 차이는 없었다$(p{\leq}0.05)$. 그러나 DPPH radical scavenging activity에서 R undulatum L. 뿌리추출물이 0.4 mg/mL 농도 이상에서는 BHT 보다 높은 항산화능을 나타내었다. 결과적으로 대황(R. undulatum L.)의 80% 에탄올 추출물이 천연항산화제로의 사용이 가능하였다. 그러나 합성항산화제인 BHT의 식품에 사용농도를 비교하여 볼 때 대황 추출물의 항산화능이 BHT와 동일하기 위해서는 보다 높은 농도를 필요로 하였다.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2008

In order to examine oxidative stress of reactive oxygen species and the antioxidant effect of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP) extract, human skin melanoma cells were treated with various concentrations of hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$). Antioxidant effect of CRP extract on $H_2O_2$-induced cytotoxicity, cell viability, DPPH-radical scavenging activity and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity. In this study, $H_2O_2$ decreased cell viability of cultured human skin melanoma cells in dose- and time-dependent manners, and then, midcytotoxicity value (MCV) was determined at $60\;{\mu}M$ after human skin melanoma cells were cultured for 5 hours in the media containing $20{\sim}60\;{\mu}M$ of $H_2O_2$, respectively. The $H_2O_2$ was on cultured human skin melanoma cells because MCV of $H_2O_2$ was lower than $100\;{\mu}M$. In the antioxidant effect of CRP extract, CRP extract increased cell viability DPPH-radical scavenging activity and SOD-like activity. From these results, it is suggested that $H_2O_2$ was very toxic on cultured human skin melanoma cells. And also, CRP extract has the antioxidant effect on $H_2O_2$-induced cytotoxicity.