• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.9
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• pp.1190-1195
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• 2008

Effect of electron beam irradiation on various physiological property changes of the ethanol extract from the cooking drips of Enteroctopus dofleini was investigated. The Hunter's color values of extract were increased with increasing irradiation doses. The radical scavenging activity of the extract was increased depending on the irradiation dose. The inhibitory activities against tyrosinase and angiotensin I converting enzyme were also increased with irradiation dose. It was also shown that the contents of proteins and polyphenols were increased by the irradiation. It was reasoned that the antioxidant activities were increased by proteins modified by the irradiation.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.538-546
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• 2016

This study was carried out to evaluate the quality characteristics of Korean domestic commercial white wines. Four sample wines were analyzed in terms of their pH, total acidity, volatile acidity, alcohol content, soluble solid, free $SO_2$, total $SO_2$, color, free sugar content, organic acid, volatile compounds, total polyphenol content, DPPH radical scavenging activity and sensory characteristics. The pH of wines ranged from 3.06 to 3.76 and their total acidity from 0.43 to 0.83% (v/v). The alcohol content of samples ranged from 9.4 to 12.8% (v/v) and their soluble solid contents from 9.9 to $12.3^{\circ}Brix$. The free $SO_2$ and total $SO_2$ contents of the W1 wine were lower than those of the other wines, while the color intensity, a (redness) and b (yellowness) of W1 wine were higher than the values of the other wines. The malic acid contents of the four wines indicated that complete malolactic fermentation (MLF) occurred in W1, incomplete MLF in W3, and was absent in W2 and W4. Aroma analysis resulted in identification of 10 alcohols, 11 esters, 2 ketones and 6 miscellaneous compounds. 2,3-Epoxybutane and 1-(ethenyloxy)-pentane levels in were significantly higher W1 than the other wines, while several types of ester predominated in W2, W3 and W4. W1 had the lowest sensory score among the four wines. Therefore, the quality characteristics of domestic white wines are considered to be acceptable.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.38-38
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• 2017

Water stress obstructs rice growth mainly by oxidative damage in biological cells to cause a reduction of leaf photosynthesis and evapotranspiration processes. In this study, exogenous application of vanillic acid (VA) and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA) to improve drought tolerance of two Oryza sativa cultivars, Q2 and Q8 was tested. The drought evaluation based on leaf phenotypes to show that both Q2 and Q8 resulted in remarkable water-stress tolerance induced by leaf spraying pretreatment of mixed solution of $50{\mu}M\;VA+50{\mu}M\;PHBA$. The mixtures of $25{\mu}M\;VA+25{\mu}M\;PHBA$ and $50{\mu}M\;VA+50{\mu}M\;PHBA$ treated on Q2 and Q8 in water deficit condition also indicated that total phenols, total flavonoids, and DPPH radical scavenging activity were significantly greater their controls. In general, the accumulation of individual phenolic acids was increased in exogenous phenolic treatments, as compared with controls. Particularly, Q2 obtained a considerable amount of endogenous PHBA after application of $50{\mu}M\;VA$, $25{\mu}M\;VA+25{\mu}M\;PHBA$, and $50{\mu}M\;VA+50{\mu}M\;PHBA$ (0.18 mg/g DW, 0.71 mg/g DW, and 1.41 mg/g DW, respectively); and a negligible content of VA (0.003 mg/g DW) appeared uniquely in the treatment of $50{\mu}M\;VA$. Similarly, Q8 also absorbed a significant quantity of PHBA in $50{\mu}M\;PHBA$, $25{\mu}M\;VA+25{\mu}M\;PHBA$, and $50{\mu}M\;VA+50{\mu}M\;PHBA$ treatments (0.15 mg/g DW, 0.15 mg/g DW, and 0.22 mg/g DW, respectively). In addition, the spraying $50{\mu}M\;PHBA$ and $25{\mu}M\;VA+25{\mu}M\;PHBA$ on Q8 leaves induced similar amount of drought tolerance of Q2 and Q8 were improved, paralleled with the increased amounts of endogenous phenolics revealed that VA and PHBA played an important role to enhance drought tolerance in rice.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.33-33
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• 2017

Water stress obstructs rice growth mainly by oxidative damage in biological cells to cause a reduction of leaf photosynthesis and evapotranspiration processes. In this study, exogenous application of vanillic acid (VA) and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA) to improve drought tolerance of two Oryza sativa cultivars, Q2 and Q8 was tested. The drought evaluation based on leaf phenotypes to show that both Q2 and Q8 resulted in remarkable water-stress tolerance induced by leaf spraying pretreatment of mixed solution of $50{\mu}M\;VA+50{\mu}M\;PHBA$. The mixtures of $25{\mu}M\;VA+25{\mu}M\;PHBA$ and $50{\mu}M\;VA+50{\mu}M\;PHBA$ treated on Q2 and Q8 in water deficit condition also indicated that total phenols, total flavonoids, and DPPH radical scavenging activity were significantly greater their controls. In general, the accumulation of individual phenolic acids was increased in exogenous phenolic treatments, as compared with controls. Particularly, Q2 obtained a considerable amount of endogenous PHBA after application of $50{\mu}M\;VA$, $25{\mu}M\;VA+25{\mu}M\;PHBA$, and $50{\mu}M\;VA+50{\mu}M\;PHBA$ (0.18 mg/g DW, 0.71 mg/g DW, and 1.41 mg/g DW, respectively); and a negligible content of VA (0.003 mg/g DW) appeared uniquely in the treatment of $50{\mu}M\;VA$. Similarly, Q8 also absorbed a significant quantity of PHBA in $50{\mu}M\;PHBA$, $25{\mu}M\;VA+25{\mu}M\;PHBA$, and $50{\mu}M\;VA+50{\mu}M\;PHBA$ treatments (0.15 mg/g DW, 0.15 mg/g DW, and 0.22 mg/g DW, respectively). In addition, the spraying $50{\mu}M\;PHBA$ and $25{\mu}M\;VA+25{\mu}M\;PHBA$ on Q8 leaves induced similar amount of VA (0.04 mg/g DW). Meanwhile, there were no trace of VA and PHBA found in controls. The levels of drought tolerance of Q2 and Q8 were improved, paralleled with the increased amounts of endogenous phenolics revealed that VA and PHBA played an important role to enhance drought tolerance in rice.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.554-566
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• 2008

Objectives : Modified Gamgil-tang is a prescription commonly used for respiratory diseases. This thesis was carried out to check the treatment effects and diversity of drug formulation by comparing extraction method of ethanol and water of modified Gamgil-tang. Methods : All experiments were carried out with water and 50% ethanol extraction for comparison. In vivo experiment, hyaluronidase inhibitory effects and trypsin inhibitory effects were tested to measure the anti-inflammatory effects activity. Scavenging effects of DPPH free radical, xanthine oxidase inhibitory effects and inhibition on TBA-RS formation were experimented to measure anti-oxidative effects. With the in vivo experiment, ICR group mice and SD group rats were used as experimental animals. An anti-inflammatory effects experiment were carried out to measure the action on carrageenin-induced hind paw edema: analgesic effects were measured using writhing syndrome induced by 0.7% acetic acid in mice: antipyretic effect was measured using endotoxin, and inhibitory effects of increase vascular permeability induced by 0.5% histamine were measured. Results : For extraction of glycyrrhizin contents, ethanol extract was extracted 2 times of that of water extract. Anti-inflammatory effects showed high in ethanol extract. Anti-oxidative effects measured high in ethanol extract. No significant result was found in inhibition on TBA-RS formation. Analgesic effects were found to be similar in water and ethanol extract. Antipyretic effects were found to be stronger in water extract. Inhibitory effects of increase vascular permeability induced by 0.5% histamine showed stronger in ethanol extract. Conclusion : By measuring anti-inflammatory effects, analgesic effects, antipyretic effects, anti-oxidative effects, and histamine permeation inhibition effects both in water extract and ethanol extract after adding agents such as Mentha Herba, Gardenias Fructus, and propolis to existing Gamgil-Tang, ethanol extract was found to be more effective in anti-inflammatory effects, analgesic effects, anti-oxidative effects, and histamine permeation inhibition effects. The converse was found for antipyretic effect.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 2012

In this study red ginseng was extracted with ethanol and then fermented by yeasts including Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium longum. Fermented red ginseng extracts(FRGE) were found to be more effective antioxidants in vitro with regards to 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical scavenging activity than red ginseng extracts(RGE). In FRGE, the contents of ginsenosides $Rb_1$, $-Rb_2$ and -Rc were much lower than in RGE, however, the contents of ginsenosides 20(S)$-Rg_3$, 20(R)$-Rg_3$ and compound K were higher than RGE. FRGE was added to Yanggaeng(0, 5, 10, 15, 20%), and physicochemical and sensory evaluations of the Yanggaeng were conducted. The L and b values of Yanggaeng with added FRGE were decreased by increasing the ratio of FRGE, while the a value was increased. Sensory evaluations for, taste, color, flavor, texture and overall acceptability of Yanggaeng with addition of FRGE (10%) were applicable for improving the Yanggaeng product.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.822-828
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• 2014

Allium sacculiferum Max. (ASM) is a perennial plant of the Liliaceae family and grows over the entire regions of Korea. Obesity is a serious health problem worldwide and has currently become a prevalent chronic disease. Adipocytes produced by preadipocyte differentiation during adipogenesis and adipocytes combined with abnormal accumulation cause obesity. Recently, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were shown to accelerate lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of ASM methanol extracts on ROS production and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Our results indicate that the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity of ASM methanol extracts increased in a dose-dependent manner. ASM methanol extracts suppressed ROS production and lipid accumulation during adipogenesis. In addition, ASM methanol extracts inhibited the mRNA expression of both pro-oxidant enzymes such as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase as well as the transcription factors, including sterol regulatory element-binding proteins 1c, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$, and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein ${\alpha}$. Our results suggest that ASM methanol extracts inhibit ROS production and lipid accumulation by controlling ROS regulatory genes and adipogenic transcription factors. Thus, ASM has potent natural antioxidant, anti-adipogenic properties and have potential in the development of a potent anti-obesity agent.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.12
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• pp.1826-1831
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• 2015

The study investigated the quality characteristics of white breads prepared 0, 5, 10, and 15% burdock (Arctium lappa L.) powder. Density of the dough was reduced with increasing burdock powder content, whereas pH of the dough increased with increasing content of burdock powder. The baking loss rate of bread decreased as the amount of burdock powder increased. As powder concentration increased, L and a values of crust and L value of crumb decreased, whereas a and b values of crumb increased. The hardness and chewiness of breads increased upon addition of burdock powder, whereas fracturability, cohesiveness, and springiness decreased. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and total polyphenol contents were significantly elevated by addition of burdock powder (P<0.05). In a sensory evaluation, color and flavor were highest in the control group while sweet taste, savory taste, moistness, and chewiness were lowest. The overall acceptability of bread added with 5% burdock powder was higher than both the control and other samples.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.215-221
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect on oxidative stress induced PC12 cells, and volatile flavor composition of essential oils derived from medicinal plant seeds- Gossypium hirsutum L. (G. hirsutum), Coix lachryma-jobi (C. lachryma-jobi) and Oenothera biennis (O. biennis). The essential oils were obtained by the solvent (hexane) extraction method from the seeds. The essential oils of the seeds were analyzed by the solid-phase micro-extraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS). The major compounds of G. hirsutum, C. lachryma-jobi and O. biennis were cyclonexanol (16.65%), β-asarone (14.29%) and ylangene (50.01%). The DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC₅₀) was the highest value of 8.52 mg/mL in the O. biennis. Additionally, IC₅₀ values of G. hirsutum and C. lachryma-jobi were 26.76 mg/mL and 36.81 mg/mL. For the oxidative stress on PC12 cells, we treated with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). The pretreatment of oxidative stress induced PC12 cells with all the essential oils preserved or increased their cell viability and G. hirsutum and O. biennis attenuated the ROS generation (by 68.75% and 56.25% vs. H₂O₂ control). The results of this study suggest that the essential oils derived from medicinal plant seeds could be used as valuable back data as a natural essential oil material to prevent neurodegenerative diseases by protecting neuro-cells.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.228-233
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• 2009

This study was conducted to examine the changes in the molecular structure and physiological activities of silk fibroin by gamma irradiation. The results of gel permeation chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the molecular weight of fibroin was increased depending upon the irradiation dose. Secondary structure of fibroin determined by using circular dichroism revealed that the ratio of $\alpha$-helix was increased up to 10 kGy and then decreased depending upon the irradiation dose. Whereas, the ratio of $\beta$-sheet, $\beta$-turn, and random coil were decreased and then increased with an alteration in the $\alpha$-helix secondary conformation. The 2.2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of fibroin was increased by gamma irradiation at 5 kGy, but was decreased above 10 kGy depending upon the irradiation dose. Also, the inhibition activities of tyrosinase and melanin synthesis of fibroin were increased by gamma irradiation. These results indicated that gamma irradiation could be used as an efficient method to make fibroin more suitable for the development of functional foods and cosmetics.