• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.10
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• pp.851-859
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• 2020

Saururus chinensis has white roots, leaves, and flowers and is known to have antibacterial activity and anti-cancer efficacy. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the ethyl acetate fraction of a methanol extract of Saururus chinensis (SCEA) on antioxidant activity and melanin synthesis. SCEA at 64 ㎍/ml showed 62% of the DPPH radical scavenging activity of vitamin C, and its reducing power was 33% greater than that of vitamin C. Tyrosinase activity was 26% higher and melanin synthesis was 44% higher in the presence of SCEA at 64 ㎍/ml than in a blank group in a dopa oxidation assay. MTT assay showed that SCEA displayed cytotoxicity above 0.5 ㎍/ml, and SCEA at 1 ㎍/ml increased melanin synthesis by 69% in live B16F1 cells. SCEA was also separated into 13 fractions by silica column chromatography, and fraction 2 (Fr. 2) showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and melanin synthesis. SCEA also promoted melanin production in live cells. LC-MASS analysis showed that Fr.2 had a molecular weight of 239, and these findings suggest that SCEA could be available for the promotion of melanin synthesis in black hair.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.1409-1413
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• 2000

The seeds of Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen(yullmoo) were investigated for the free radical scavenging and mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activities. Brown yullmoo, which contains bran in the seed, has also been evaluated for comparison. After partitioning of the total methanol extracts of yullmoo and brown yullmoo, each organic layer exhibited mild or potent dose-dependent inhibition(about 20-80%) on 1,1-diphenyl picryl hydrazyl(DPPH) free radical with the concentration of $300\;{\mu}g/ml$ to $800\;{\mu}g/ml$. n-Butanol fraction of yullmoo showed the most potent scavenging effect on DPPH free radical. $IC_{50}$ of n-butanol fraction was $423\;{\mu}g/ml$, about six to seven fold higher concentration than standard BHT at the same inhibition rate. As for the tyrosinase inhibitory activity, all of the fractions including the methanol extract exhibited the similar activities even after partitioning. The chloroform fraction of brown yullmoo was found to show the most potent inhibitory activity with an $IC_{50}$ of $321.5\;{\mu}g/ml$.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.339-346
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• 2022

This study investigates the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the ethanol extract of Acer tegmentosum Maxim (EATM) against Staphylococcus aureus. The total polyphenol and flavonoid content, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging effect, and reducing power of the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) method were measured to verify the antioxidant activity of the EATM. The antibacterial activity against S. aureus using the EATM was verified by the paper disc method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) methods. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were 266.66 ㎍ GAE/mg and 6.46 ㎍ QE/mg, respectively. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity showed a concentration-dependent scavenging activity. The RC₅₀ values of the EATM were 21.49 and 12.81 ㎍/mL, respectively. A FRAP analysis was conducted for evaluating the reducing power of the EATM and an efficacy of 0.73 ± 0.19 mM FeSO₄ E/mg was observed. The antibacterial activity of EATM against S. aureus, determined using the paper disc method, showed an inhibitory ring of 3 mm at 2 mg. The MIC was confirmed at a concentration of ≥ 16 mg/mL, while the MBC was confirmed at 32 mg/mL. As the EATM shows antioxidant and antibacterial activities against S. aureus, it can be used as an effective antidote against atopic dermatitis.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.261-267
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to investigate the various functionalities of the peels, pulps, and seeds of passion fruit. Proximate composition, mineral contents, phenolic acid contents, total polyphenols, total flavonoids, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities, 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, reducing power, α-glucosidase, and α-amylase inhibitory activities were measured for each part of passion fruit. Proximate composition analysis of the passion fruit indicated that moisture content contained (4.78-8.20%), carbohydrate (68.33-73.23%), protein (8.78-13.63%), fat (1.19-11.60%), and ash (1.51-8.80%). K, Ca, Na and Fe were the predominant mineral in the peels. P and Mg were the predominant mineral in the pulps. All the antioxidant activities (total polyphenols, total flavonoids, DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS radical scavenging, and reducing power) showed high results in the seeds. α-Glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities IC₅₀ were in the peels (5.59 and 63.16 mg/mL), in the pulps (3.80 and 31.90 mg/mL), and in the seeds (0.06 and 1.02 mg/mL). These results indicated that the pulps, peels, and seeds of passion fruit have value as natural antioxidants with the high quality functional components.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.55-59
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• 2010

Objective : This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant activity and inhibitory effect on oxidative DNA damage of Nelumbinis Semen Extracts Methods : Nelumbins semen were extracted with hot-water and ethylacetate (EtOAC). The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radical scavenging assay and $Fe^{2+}$ chelating assay were performed for antioxidative effect and ${\phi}X$-174 RF I DNA cleavage assay and intracellular DNA damage assay were used for inhibitory effect on intracellular DNA damage. Results : In DPPH, Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and $Fe^{2+}$ chelating activity of EtOAC extracts were 96.22%, 53.53%, 64.72%, while those of hot-water extracts were 20.86%, 10.72%, 29.74% at $200{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, respectively. In ${\phi}X$-174 RF I plasmid DNA cleavage assay, the protective effects of EtOAC and hot-water extracts against oxidative DNA damage were 76% and 6% at $200{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, respectively. Conclusion : These results indicated that the seed extracts of Nelumbo nucifera can be used as a natural antioxidants, which effectively inhibits the oxidative DNA damage.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.445-449
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• 2008

The total phenolic content and antioxidant activities of grape and fruit juice products in the Korean market were examined The total phenolic content was measured by the Folin-Ciocalteau method, and antioxidant activities were evaluated by FRAP and DPPH assays. The total phenolic content of the grape juice products were within the range $57.95{\sim}205.64\;mg/L$. Orange juice had the strongest antioxidant activity, apple juice the weakest, and grape juice was intermediate. Grape juice products exhibited a wide range of antioxidant activities. Especially, GU4, GU5, and GU9 exhibited about 80% of the DPPH radical scavenging activities, similar to the antioxidant activities by the FRAP assay. The antioxidant activities by FRAP and DPPH assays were well correlated with the total phenolic content of grape juice products (> 0.97).

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.1454-1463
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• 2023

Evaluating the antioxidant efficacy using Potentillae Chinensis Herba extract, the anti-inflammatory efficacy was tested in respiratory mucosal epithelium, RAW264.7 cells, and zebrafish. As a result, antioxidant activity increased in a concentration-dependent manner in DPPH free radical scavenging and ABTS+ cation radical activities. As a result of MTT assay for cell experiments, the survival rate of NCI-H292 cells was reduced to less than 70% when treated at each concentration of 100 ㎍/ml, subsequent experiments were conducted at 50 ㎍/ml. Anti-inflammatory efficacy evaluation, NO production, TNF-𝛼, IL-1𝛽, and PGE₂ decreased, and COX-2 also decreased significantly at 50 ㎍/ml. The mucin protein expression of Potentillae Chinensis Herba extract and bioconverted extract, it was observed that MUC5AC expression was significantly reduced. In the zebrafish toxicity evaluation, concentrations below 50 ㎍/ml did not show embryotoxicity and showed anti-inflammatory efficacy by reducing NO production due to LPS. The above results are valid to be valuable for use as a functional material that suppresses inflammation by helping the expression of Potentillae Chinensis Herba's respiratory mucus proteins.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.179-185
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• 2009

Soybean grits, fortified with various bioactive components, were produced by solid-state fermentation using Bacillus subtilis HA. ${\alpha}$-Amylase activity gradually increased during fermentation over 5 days. Fibrinolytic and protease activities were highest in the soybean grits fermented for 7 days. The grits fermented for 5 days also showed the highest tyrosine content, indicating a higher peptide content. Peptides of low molecular weight (below 3,000 daltons) and browning pigments increased with increasing fermentation time. The fermented soybean grits showed higher contents of total phenolic compounds, to approximately 18 mg/g. DPPH free radical scavenging effects were higher in the soybean grits fermented for 3 days. Also, ABTS radical scavenging effects were greater in the fermented grits compared to the unfermented grits. Overall, the soybean grits fermented by solid-state fermentation for 5 days showed enhanced production of bioactive compounds and greater antioxidant properties.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.229-236
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• 2021

This study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant properties of the dried leaves and branches of Stewartia koreana Nakai. The dried leaf and branch of S. koreana were extracted with 70% ethanol at 80℃. The antioxidant activities of ethanol extracts of S. koreana leaf (EESL) and S. koreana branch (EESB) were analyzed. The total polyphenol contents in EESL and EESB were 162.57±0.9 mg of GAEs/extract g and 59.1±0.9 mg of GAEs/extract g, respectively. The flavonoid contents in EESL and EESB were 59.1±0.9 mg of QEs/extract g and 4.7±0.1 mg of QEs/extract g, respectively. EESL showed a better scavenging ability with DPPH and ABTS than EESB, at 0.4 mg/ml. Moreover, EESL were more effective according to ORAC values than EESL. The toxicity of EESL was investigated using a WST-1 assay on the human skin fibroblast cell line CCD-986sk. Therefore, EESL can be used as a potential source of functional, naturally-sourced material in cosmetics as well as food.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.190-199
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the hot water extract from buckwheat (WEB) in RAW-264.7 macrophage cells against lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In these experiments, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of WEB by measuring MTT assay, nitric oxide (NO), inducible NOS (iNOS) production, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression by Western blotting. The extracts showed a protective effect by increasing cell viability on LPS in RAW264.7 cells. WEB (0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/mL) significantly suppressed LPS-stimulated production of NO. Also, WEB reduced the expression of iNOS and COX-2 proteins. The present results show that WEB has potent anti-inflammatory effects on RAW264.7 cells. In addition, WEB has various antioxidant effects as a result of 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) which possess a radical scavenging activity. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of the WEB were $13.22{\pm}3.69mg\;GAE/g$ extract and $38.53{\pm}5.20mg\;CE/g$ extract respectively. The present results give the understanding of biological activities of buckwheat and encourage their application for supplements.