• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.279-285
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• 2003

In our ongoing study to identity antioxidants from natural sources, the antioxidant activity of Nelumbo nucifera stamens was evaluated for their potential to scavenge stable 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals, inhibit total reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, in kidney homogenates using 2 ,7 -dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCHF-DA), and scavenge authentic peroxynitrites ($ONOO^-$). A methanol (MeOH) extract of the stamens of N. nucifera showed strong antioxidant activity in the $ONOO^-$system, and marginal activity in the DPPH and total ROS systems, so were therefore fractionated with several organic solvents, such as dichloromethane ($CH_2 Cl_2$), ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and n-butanol (n-BuOH). The EtOAc soluble fraction, which exhibited strong antioxidant activity in all the model systems tested, was further purified by repeated silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies. Seven known flavonoids [kaempferol (1), kaempferol 3-Ο-$\beta$-D-glucuronopyranosyl methylester (2), kaempferol 3-Ο-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (3), kaempferol 3-Ο-$\beta$-D-galactopyranoside (4), myricetin 3 ,5 -dimethylether 3-Ο-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (5), kaempferol 3-Ο-$\alpha$-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1$\rightarrow$6)-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (6) and kaempferol 3-Ο-$\beta$-D-glucuronopyranoside (7)], along with $\beta$-sitosterol glucopyranoside (8), were isolated. Compound 1 possessed good activities in all the model systems tested. Compounds 2 and 7 showed scavenging activities in the DPPH and $ONOO^-$ tests, while compounds 3 and 4 were only active in the $ONOO^-$ test. Conversely, compound 8 showed no activities in any of the model systems tested.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.223-231
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• 2021

유산균에 의한 감국 추출물(CIL)의 항산화능의 변화를 알아보기 위해 64%, 80% ethanol 로 추출한 농도별 CIL를 발효시켜 total phenolic contents (TPC), flavonoid, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), reducing power (RP), linoleic acid 자동산화 저해활성의 변화를 확인해 보았다. TPC의 경우 3109, 3237에서 증가하였으며, flavonoid에서는 모든 균주에서 감소를 나타냈다. DPPH 측정에서는 64% CIL 발효 후 3074, 3109에서 증가하였으며, 80% CIL 발효에서는 모든 균주가 증가를 나타냈다. RP측정에서는 64%, 80% CIL에서 모든 균주에서 증가를 보였으며, linoleic acid 자동산화 저해활성에서는 모든 균주에서 감소를 나타냈다. 특히 3109 항산화능을 평가하는 DPPH와 RP 측정에서 다른 균주에 비해 전반적으로 높게 측정이 되었다. 결과적으로 4종의 유산균 중에서 3109가 발효과정을 통해서 CIL의 항산화 효능을 효과적으로 증대하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1299-1304
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• 2008

The potential antioxidant activities of different fractions from a 70% methanolic (MeOH) extract of Sonchus oleraceus were assayed in vitro. All of the fractions exception of n-hexane showed a strong antioxidant activity, especially the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction, which showed the highest 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity ($IC_{50}=19.25{\mu}g/mL$). The results of hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and a reducing power assay showed concentration dependence, the EtOAc fraction demonstrating a better result than the other fractions at the same concentration in the studies. Additionally, the fractions' total phenolic (TP) contents was measured, phenolic compounds such as tannic acid, p-coumatric acid, quercetin, epicathchin, and kaempferol being detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Meanwhile, a regression analysis revealed a moderate-to-high correlation coefficient between the antiradical activity and the TP contents, suggesting that fractions obtained from the 70% MeOH extract of S. oleraceus are of potential use as sources of antioxidant material.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.159-167
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• 2008

본 연구는 편백정유의 천연 항산화제로의 유용성을 평가하기 위하여 수행했다. 편백정유 원액과 편백정유 분획물의 항산화활성을 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)법과 ammonium thiocyanate법을 사용하여 조사하였다. DPPH법을 이용한 경우 편백정유의 $IC_{50}$은 $40{\mu}{\ell}/m{\ell}$였으며, 편백정유 분획물 중에서 G분획의 DPPH 항산화능이 $0.5{\mu}{\ell}/m{\ell}$ 농도에서 66.94%로 가장 높았다. Ammonium thiocyanate법에서 배양 1일 후 편백정유 원액과 편백정유 분획물 C, D, E의 항산화효과는 각각 72.0%, 71.2%, 71.9%, 71.0%였다. 항산화 활성분획인 G분획은 $\alpha$-terpineol, elemol, widdrol, $\alpha$-cadinol 등으로 구성되어 있었다.

• 약학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.361-364
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• 2003

Acanthopanax species (Araliaceae) has been traditionally used as tonic, analgesic, stimulant of immune system, and replenishment of body function. The antioxidant activities of leaf and root bark of Acanthopanax species were determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay and relative electrophoretic mobility (REM) on human plasma low density lipoproteins (LDL). Acanthopanax divaricatus var. albeofructus and Acanthopanax for. nambunensis showed potent antioxidant activities.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.40-44
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the antioxidant activities of domestic trees grown in Korea. Based on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity method, the methanolic extracts of 23 species were screened in order to search for natural antioxidants. Among these species, Acer ginnala, Cotinus coggygria, Acanthopanax koreanum, Thea sinensis and Pinus densiflora showed stronger antioxidative activity comparing with reference compound, ascorbic acid.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.116-122
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• 2007

Four compounds with antioxidant activity were isolated from the MeOH extract of peanut shells (pod) and identified as 5,7-dihydroxychromone (1), eriodictyol (2), 3',4',7-trihydroxyflavanone (3), and luteolin (4) by electron impact-mass spectrometry (EI-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. The relationship between antioxidant activity and chemical structure of the isolated compounds with their analogues [(-)-epicatechin, quercetin, taxifolin] was examined by measuring 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity and using the 2-deoxy-D-ribose degradation system. The order of antioxidant activity on the basis of DPPH radical-scavenging was quercetin = (-)-epicatechin (6.0 molecules) > taxifolin (4,5 molecules) > 4 (luteolin; 4.0 molecules) > 2 (eriodictyol; 2.5 molecules) > 3 (3',4',7-trihydroxy-flavanone; 2.0 molecules) > 1 (5,7-dihydroxychromone; 0.5 molecules). On the other hand, using the 2-deoxy-D-ribose degradation system, the order of antioxidant activity was quercetin > 4 >> (-)-epicatechin ${\geq}\;2\;{\geq}$ taxifolin > 3 > 1. These compounds from peanut shells may provide defensive measures against oxidative stress and insects in the soil.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2015

Calculated chemical scores (computed in relation to the FAO/WHO reference protein) for salmon liver protein hydrolysates indicated that all amino acids (other than methionine and threonine) were present in adequate or excess quantities; thus, the raw liver material is a good source of essential amino acids. The hydrophobic amino acids contents in hydrolysates prepared from Oncorhynchus keta and O. gorbuscha were 38.4 and 39.1%, respectively. The proportion of released peptides exceeding 500 kDa was reduced when hydrolysates were treated with the commercial enzyme Alcalase, although proportions in the following MW ranges were elevated: 100-500 kDa and <50 kDa. The optimal conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis were as follows: pH 7.0, $50^{\circ}C$, and a reaction time of 1 h. Of the different proteases tested, Alcalase was the most efficient for production of salmon liver hydrolysate with the highest 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity. The hydrolysates prepared from salmon liver had a balanced amino acid composition. The liver protein hydrolysates contained low molecular weight peptides, some of which may be bio-active; this bio-active potential should be investigated. Inhibition of the DPPH radical increased with increased degree of hydrolysis (DH), regardless of protease type. DPPH radical scavenging abilities, antithrombotic effects and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase enzyme inhibition effects of O. keta liver hydrolysate increased in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, salmon liver hydrolysate may be useful in functional food applications and as a source of novel products.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.865-872
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• 2002

In the course of the investigations of natural antioxidants, we examined the antioxidant activities of the methanol (MeOH) extracts of some selected Prunus species, including P. buergeriana, P. davidiana, P padus, P. pendula for. ascendens, P. sargentii, P. serrulata var. spontanea and P. yedoensis by three methods as represented by the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, total ROS (reactive oxygen species) and the peroxynitrite ($ONOO^-$) scavenging activity tests. We also evaluated the activities of the organic solvent-soluble fractions, including the dichloromethane ($CH_2Cl_2$), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-butanol (n-BuOH) fractions and the water ($H_2O$) layer of P. serrulata var. spontanea leaves. By means of bioassay-directed fractionation, we isolated eleven known flavonoids (1-11) from the EtOAc soluble fraction of the MeOH extract of the Prunus serrulata var. spontanea leaves, exhibiting strong antioxidant activity and characterized as prunetin (1), genistein (2), quercetin (3), prunetin $4'-O-{\beta}-glucopyranoside$ (4), kaempferol $3-O-{\alpha}-arabinofuranoside$ (5), prunetin $5-O-{\beta}-glucopyranoside$ (6), kaempferol $3-O-{\beta}-xylopyranoside$ (7), genistin (8), kaempferol $3-O-{\beta}-glucopyranoside$ (9), quercetin $3-O-{\beta}-glucopyranoside$ (10) and kaempferol $3-O-{\beta}-xylopyranosyl-(1{\rightarrow}2)-{\beta}-glucopyranoside$ (11). Compounds 3 and 10 showed good activities in all tested model systems. Compounds 2 and 8 showed scavenging activities in the DPPH and $ONOO^-$ tests, while compounds 5, 7, 9 and 11 were active in the $ONOO^-$ and ROS tests. On the other hand, compounds 1, 4 and 6 did not show any activities in the tested model systems.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.67-78
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• 2008

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the antioxidant effects among wild ginseng, cultivated wild ginseng, and ginseng extracts. Methods: In vitro antioxidant activities were examined by total antioxidant capacity (TAC), oxygen radical scavenging capacity(ORAC), total phenolic content, 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, inhibition of induced lipid peroxidation using liver mitochondria, reactive oxygen species(ROS) scavenging effect using 2', 7'-dichlorofluorescein(DCF) fluorescence. Results: 1. TAC of 1.5 and 3.75 mg extracts was highest in cultivated wild ginseng, followed by wild ginseng and lowest in ginseng. 2. ORAC of 2, 10, and $20{\mu}g$ extracts was highest in cultivated wild ginseng, followed by wild ginseng and lowest in ginseng. 3. Total phenolic content of 0.375, 0.938, and 1.875 mg extracts was highest in cultivated wild ginseng, followed by wild ginseng and lowest in ginseng. 4. DPPH(1, 1 -Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging activity between wild ginseng and cultivated wild ginseng did not differ significantly (p>0.05). 5. Induced lipid peroxidation, measured by TBARS concentration in solution containing rat liver mitochondria incubated in the presence of $FeSO_4$/ascorbic acid was inhibited as amounts of wild ginseng, cultivated wild ginseng, and ginseng extracts increased. TBARS concentration of ginseng extracts were significantly (p<0.05) higher than wild ginseng or cultivated wild ginseng extracts. 6. DCF fluorescence intensity was decreased as concentrations of wild ginseng, cultivated wild ginseng, and ginseng extracts increased, demonstrating that ROS generation was inhibited in a concentrationdependent manner. Conclusions: In summary, the results of this study demonstrate that cultivated wild ginseng extracts had similar antioxidant activities to wild ginseng extracts and greater that of cultivated ginseng extracts.