• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 1999.10b
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• pp.259-261
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• 1999

본 논문은 MPEG-2 TM 5 video 부호기의 전체구조 및 처리과정을 기술한다. MPEG-2는 저장 매체, 통신, 방송 매체 등을 위한 동영상 압축이 표준이다. MPEG-2 압축 방법에는 공간적 압축과 시간적 압축 방법이 있다. 공간적 압축 방법에는 화면에서의 중복성을 줄이기 위한 표본화 주파수(4:4:4, 4:2:2, 4:2:0, format), DCT, scanning(zigzag 혹은 alternate scanning)과 quantization이 있고 시간적 압축 방법에는 움직임 예측(motion estimation)과 I, P, B-picture를 사용하는 방법이 있다. 본 논문에서는 MPEG-2 부호기의 핵심을 전체 구조, DPCM, MPEG bitstream syntax, MPEG-2 부호화 알고리즘, 움직임 예측, 움직임 벡터, rate control 그리고 가변길이 코딩(variable length coding)으로 구분하여 소개한다.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.1956-1963
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• 2000

In this paper, a wavelet image coding scheme exploiting the correlation of neighboring VQ indices in eh wavelet domain is proposed. the codewords in each sub-codebook are re-ordered in terms of their energies in order to increase the correlation of he indices. Then, the generated indices after VQ can be further encoded by non-adaptive DPCM/Huffman method. LBG algorithm and a fast-PNN algorithm using k-d trees are used for generating a multiresolution codebook. Experimental results show that or scheme outperforms the ordinary wavelet VQ and JPEG at low bit rates.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1987.07b
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• pp.1422-1426
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• 1987

In this paper, an adaptive DPCM scheme is presented for encoding monochrome images with easy hardware implementation at a transmission rate of exactly 1 bit/pel. The system is mainly composed of a compensated mean predictor and an adaptive two-level quantizer with backward estimation. In this system, the predictor is a sort of two-dimensional ARMA predictor in which a moving-average part is added to the conventional mean predictor. The quantizer adapts to the local statistics of its input without overhead information. To reduce annoying granular noise in the reconstructed image, Lee filter is used after reconstruction in the receiver.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.784-792
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• 1990

In this paper, attempts have been made to compare the subjective performance of sub-band coding (SBC) techniques incorporating four representative modulation transfer functions (MTF's) of th human visual system(HVS): Sakrison, Nill, Ngan, and Rao. In SBC, the frequency band of input signal is split into 16 equal sub-bands. In addition, 28 sub-band splitting schemd which splits more sub-bands in low spatial frequency is considered to compare the 4 MTF's effectively. In encoding of each sub-band, the weight of each sub-band obtained from the MTF of HVS is applied to bit allocation process which minimize the weighted mean square error (WMSE). The differential pulse code modulation(DPCM) coder is used to encode the lowest sub-band and the pulse code modulation(PCM) coder is used for the rest of sub-bands. It is found that the images incorporating the MTF of Rao yields the best results in subjective criteria, followed by Ngan, Nill, Sakrison, and the images not employing the HVS.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.157-162
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose a flight data storing system for effective data processing. Since the flight data contains critical information and their sizes are vast, encryption and compression would be needed to manage the flight data in effect. And we implemented the flight data storing system using an embedded board with DSP based on DPCM compression and AES encryption. Especially, we applied the reordering technique to advance the security function. From the simulations for two type data of voice and avionics, we found the developed system is well performed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.81-87
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• 1988

This paper proposes a new EBTC(extended block truncation coding) algorithm extended from the BTC for image compression. The EBTC has a capability to eliminate the defects of BTC, such as the deterioration of resolution or blocky effect,and to make a real-time processing like BTC. It shows better performances than the DPCM and the transform coding. Especially, it is a suitable coding method for the high quality picture transmission. It may be adequate to the system of transmission rate of 30-50 Mbits/sec. The picture quality has been scarecely degraded with a vector quantization to the EBTC output at the bit rate of 1.25 bits/pel. The bit rate of the scalar quantized EBTC method is 2.6-3.7 bits/pel.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.937-943
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• 1990

In this paper, a subband coding scheme using the human visual system(HVS) model for encoding monochrome images is proposed to produce perceptually higher quality images compared with the regular subband coding scheme. The proposed approach first transforms the intensity image to the density image by a point nonlinear transformation. A frequency band dexomposition of the density image is carried out by means of 2-D seaprable quadrature mirror filters, which split the density image spectrum into 16 equall rate subbands. Bits are allocated among the subbands to minimize the weighted mean squar error (WMSE) for differential pulse code modulation(DPCM) coding of the subbands. The weight for each subband is calculated from the modulation transfer function (MTF) of the HVS model at corresponding frequencies. The performances of the proposed approach are evaluated for 256 * 256 monochrome images at the bit rates of 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 bita per pixel. Computer simulation results indicate that using the HVS model yields more pleasing reconstructed images than regular subband coding approach which does not use HVS model.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.31B no.10
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• pp.130-139
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• 1994

Video compression algorithms are based on removing spatial and/or temproal redundancy inherent in image sequences by predictive(DPCM) encoding, transform encoding, or a combination of predictive and transform encoding. In this paper, each 8$\times$8 DCT coefficient of DFD(displaced frame difference) is adaptively quantized by one of the four quantizers depending on total distortion level, which is determined by characteristics of HVS(human visual system) and buffer status. Therefore, the number of possible quantizer selection vectors(patterns) is 4$^{64}$. If this vectors are coded, toomany bits are required. Thus, the quantizer selection vectors are limited to 2048 for Y and 512 for each U, V by the proposed method using SWAD(sum of weighted absolute difference) for discriminating vectors. The computer simulation results, using the codebook vectors which are made by the proposed method, show that the subjective and objective image quality (PSNR) are goor with the limited bit allocation. (17Mbps)

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.26 no.8B
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• pp.1168-1175
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• 2001

H.263부호기에서 정지영상 부호화를 위한 부가 부호기법인 Annex I는 기존의 JPEG, MPEG-1, -2와는 달리 부호화하고자 하는 현재 블록의 DCT 계수를 기부호화된 블록의 DCT 계수들을 이용하여 예측부호화 (Differential Pulse Coded Modulation; DPCM)를 행하고, 이를 통한 부호화 이득의 향상을 얻고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이런 H.263 Annex I의 예측기법을 공간영역에서의 의미를 수학적으로 유도한다. 이를 통해서 H.263 Annex I의 예측기법의 비효율성을 지적하고, 영상신호의 특성에 맞게 예측방식을 수정한다. 제안된 DCT 계수 예측 방식과 기존의 H.263 Annex I 방식의 이론적인 예측성능을 평가하고, H.263 부호기에 적용하여 제안방식의 효율성을 검증한다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.26 no.9B
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• pp.1226-1235
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• 2001

The convergence analysis of the improved multiplication free adaptive digital filter (IMADF) with a fractionally-spaced equalizer (FSE) to remove the intersymbol interference (ISI) in fast data transmission is presented. The IMADF structure use the one-step predicted filter in the multiplication-free adaptive digital filter (MADF) structure using the DPCM and Sign algorithm. In the experimental results, the IMADF algorithm has reduced the computational complexity by use of only the addition operation without a multiplier. Also, under the condition of identical stationary-state error, it could obtain the stabled convergence characteristic that the IMADF algorithm is almost same as the sign algorithm, but is better than the MADF algorithm. Here, this algorithm has effective characteristics when the correlation of the input signal is highly.