• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.57-61
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• 2018

Canine peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs) are spindle cell tumors that arise from Schwann cells, perineural cells, fibroblasts or all of them. Based on the morphology and biologic behavior, PNSTs are divided into benign PNST (BPNST) and malignant PNST (MPNST) forms. The aim of this study is to diagnose the two cases of neoplastic tissue samples with features of PNSTs by the histopathology and immunohistochemistry. The study was performed using two specimens from small animal clinic. The first case, A was a mass, 3~4 cm in diameter, extruded from vaginal mucosa of 10-year-old spayed female mixed-breed dog. And the second case, B was a subcutaneous mass, 1.5 cm in diameter, which is originated from right hind leg of 9-year-old castrated male mixed-breed dog. Two cases were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) for histopathological examination. And also immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed by the avidin-biotin peroxidase complex (ABC) method with antibodies specific for the following proteins: S-100 protein, smooth muscle actin (SMA) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). In results, Antoni B schwannoma pattern characterized by pleomorphic, round and fusiform polygonal cells was seen in A. In B, Antoni A pattern, densely packed spindle cells arranged in interlacing bundles was seen in addition to Antoni B pattern. In IHC, cytoplasms of neoplastic cells were diffusely labeled for S-100 expression in A and B. For SMA, both A and B show negative expression. And for EGFR, A shows negative expression but B shows partially positive expression in areas of Antoni B schwannoma pattern. The histopathologic features of two cases coupled with the S-100 immunoreactivity led to a diagnosis of PNST. For SMA, both A and B show negative expression. The diagnosis of A will be a BPNST with the negative result and B will be a MPNST with the positive result for EGFR.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.93-98
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• 2006

Human foamy virus (HFV) integrase mediates integration of viral c-DNA into cellular DNA. In this process, HFV prointegration complex (PIC) in which integrase is a key component moves to nuclei of the infected cells and leads to integration of viral DNA to the cellular genome, which is essential in viral life cycle. In general nuclear localization signals (NLS) have been suggested to be involved in localizing retroviral PIC to nuclei, but the mechanisms for nuclear localization of the HFV PIC remains unclear. To functionally identify the NLS of HFV integrase, various subdomains of the protein were expressed as GFP fusions and their subcellular locations were analyzed with confocal laser scanning microscopy. Wild type HFV integrase was karyophilic by targeting the fusion protein to nuclei of the COS-1 and 293T cells. Our results showed that strong NLS of HFV integrase was mapped to the C-terminal regions. In addition the karyophilic properties of N-terminal and central regions are not individually strong enough to direct localization of the fusion proteins to nuclei, but their cooperative activity for nuclear import was confirmed.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.412-415
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• 2012

A 1-year-old, castrated male Yorkshire terrier (case 1) and a 7-year-old female Poodle (case 2) presented with delayed union fractures. In case 1, the dog had a fractured right distal radius and ulna. In case 2, the dog had a fractured left distal tibia and fibula. A physical examination and radiographs performed in both dogs revealed delayed union fractures with large gaps. The fracture sites were fixed by bone plate and screws. Autogenous cancellous bone graft was applied into the fracture gap. To encourage rapid bone union, we used matrigel containing $20{\mu}g$ of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) in the fracture site. Radiographs were taken postoperatively to monitor healing. Rapid bone union was noted in both dogs in long-term radiographs. In case 1, the radiographs revealed that the fracture gaps of the radius and ulna were bridged at 2 weeks. Fracture lines were not observed and normal appearance was restored at 20 weeks. In case 2, the radiographs showed that fracture repair had progressed at 11 weeks. The fractures healed faster than expected in these two cases. The results indicate that rhBMP-2 and matrigel may be effective and useful materials to enhance healing of delayed fractures.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.75.1-75.10
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• 2021

Background: Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) have important roles in tumor evasion of the immune system. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the diagnostic utility of circulating PD-1 and PD-L1 levels in healthy dogs and dogs with tumors. Methods: Circulating PD-1 and PD-L1 levels in the serum of 71 dogs with tumors were compared with those of 52 healthy dogs by performing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The ELISA results revealed higher circulating PD-1 and PD-L1 levels in dogs with tumors (2.9 [2.2-3.7] ng/mL; median [IQR] and 2.4 [1.4-4.4] ng/mL, respectively) than in healthy dogs (2.4 [1.9-3.0] ng/mL; p = 0.012 and 1.4 [0.9-2.1] ng/mL; p < 0.001, respectively). Especially, there was a significant difference in circulating PD-1 levels between healthy dogs and dogs with malignant epithelial tumors (2.4 [1.9-3.0] ng/mL and 3.1 [2.6-4.4] ng/mL, respectively; p < 0.01). In addition, there was a significant difference in circulating PD-L1 levels between healthy dogs and dogs with lymphomas (1.4 [0.9-2.1] ng/mL and 2.7 [1.6-5.8] ng/mL, respectively; p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study indicates that circulating PD-1 and PD-L1 have potential as tumor diagnostic biomarkers in dogs with tumors.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.583-593
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• 1997

Indirect fluorescent antibody test(IFAT) and enzyme-linked imuunosorbent assay (IgG-ELISA) as serological diagnostic tools were conducted to evaluate the usefulness for diagnosis of canine babesiosis infected with Babesia gibsoni in domestic various dog breeds, american pit bullterrier, military shepherd, and mongrel dogs. The results obtained from this study were abstracted as follows. The nonionic detergent Triton X-100 and absorbent bio-bead $SM_2$ were useful reagents for the preparation of pure merozoite antigen of B gibsoni to be used in ELISA. The optimum reaction in ELISA was shown when the protein concentration of ELISA antigen was measured as 625ng/ml and the conjugate concentration was diluted into 1/6000 fold. The average OD value of ELISA in sera determined with negative responses in IFAT was measured as $0.255{\pm}0.051$(490nm) and the cut - off value of OD was determined as 0.399(490nm). The serum antibodies in both of IFAT and ELISA were detected on one week after artificially infected with B gibsoni and these high antibody titers, 512X in IFAT and 1024X in ELISA, were long lasted until 15 weeks after infection. The reproducibility of reaction and stability of the antigen absorbed microtitration polystyrene plate preserved in $4^{\circ}C$ refrigerator and $-20^{\circ}C$ freezer, respectively could be lasted until 135 days after storage. The positive rates in IFAT by dog breeds were shown 8.1%(60/744 heads) in mongrel dogs, 81.3%(78/96 heads) in american pit bullterrier and 15.6%(15/96 heads) in military shepherd, while the positive rate in ELISA shown 17.6%(131/744 heads) in mongrel dogs, 83.3%(80/96 heads) in american pit bullterrier and 36.5%(35/96 heads) in military shepherd, respiectively. In the total of 936 heads surveyed with IFAT and ELISA the positive rates in IFAT and ELISA were 16.4%(153/936 heads) and 26.3%(246/936 heads), respectivily. Agreement of reactions between IFAT and ELISA was shown 82.4% in 936 dog sera. The specificity and sensitivity of ELISA reaction were 83.5% and 76.5%, respectively. From the conclusion obtained in this study it was evaluated that IFAT and ELISA were useful as highly specific, sensitive and stable serelogical tools for the diagnosis of canine babesiosis in Korea.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 1986

To evaluate the immature eggs of Paragonimus westermani as a source of diagnostic antigen, about a million eggs which were excreted by 104 adult worms were collected; their saline extract(soluble egg antigen; PwSEA) was prepared. The specific IgG and IgM antibody levels were observed in experimental dog paragonimiasis by micro ESISA, using PwSEA as well as whole worm extract of 12 week-old P. westermani(PwWWE). The protein composition of the PwSEA was observed by disc-PAGE. The results could be summarized as follows: 1. Specific IgG antibody to PwSEA begant to increase on 8 weeks after the experimental infection; it maintained its high level until the observation period of 13 weeks. The levels of IgM antibody to PwSEA however, did not show any significant change. 2. Specific IgG antibody to PwWWE began to increase earlier from 2 weeks after the infection and continued to increase until the observation period of 13 weeks. Its level was much higher than that to PwSEA. Specific IgM antibody to PwWWE increased temporarily during 2-8 weeks after the infection. 3. By disc-PAGE, PwSEA showed 2 protein bands of very low motility. The bands of PwSEA corresponded to the frist and second bands in the electrophoretic pattern of PwWWE of the 12 week-old worms. The above results indicated that the PwSEA induced antibody production in dog paragonimiasis, but its antigenicity was weaker than PwWWE to be used as a diagnostic antigen.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.66-73
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• 1995

Putative gamma aminobu%sic acid (GABA)-ersic elements in the basilar pontine nuclei were examined in the dos using an antiserum against GABA-glutaraldehvde-protein conjusBtes and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. GABA-immunoreactive neuronal somata in the basilar Pons exhibited various morphology with the majority being spindle-shaped or multipolar, while some were spheroidal. The size of GABA-orgic neuronal somata was relatively small (approximately $10-20\mum)$ in diameter. GABA-immunoreactive neurons were scattered throughout the pontine nuclei, but the midline region of the medial nucleus at the rostral pons, the lateral nucleus at mid-pontine levels, and the ventral nucleus at the caudal pons exhibited a relatively greater concentration of cell bodies. A sparse number of GABA-ergic neurons were observed within the cerebral peduncle and along the ventral borders of the basilar pons adjacent to the middle cerebellar peduncle at the rostrocaudal levels of the pontine nuclei. These obsenrations provide anatomic evidence of how this inhibitory neural element performs its function in the cortico-prontocerbellar circuitry.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.14.1-14.11
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• 2021

Background: Quantitation of urine protein is important in dogs with chronic kidney disease. Various analyzers are used to measure urine protein-to-creatinine ratios (UPCR). Objectives: This study aimed to compare the UPCR obtained by three types of analyzers (automated wet chemistry analyzer, in-house dry chemistry analyzer, and dipstick reading device) and investigate whether the differences could affect clinical decision process. Methods: Urine samples were collected from 115 dogs. UPCR values were obtained using three analyzers. Bland-Altman and Passing Bablok tests were used to analyze agreement between the UPCR values. Urine samples were classified as normal or proteinuria based on the UPCR values obtained by each analyzer and concordance in the classification evaluated with Cohen's kappa coefficient. Results: Passing and Bablok regression showed that there were proportional as well as constant difference between UPCR values obtained by a dipstick reading device and those obtained by the other analyzers. The concordance in the classification of proteinuria was very high (κ = 0.82) between the automated wet chemistry analyzer and in-house dry chemistry analyzer, while the dipstick reading device showed moderate concordance with the automated wet chemistry analyzer (κ = 0.52) and in-house dry chemistry analyzer (κ = 0.53). Conclusions: Although the urine dipstick test is simple and a widely used point-of-care test, our results indicate that UPCR values obtained by the dipstick test are not appropriate for clinical use. Inter-instrumental variability may affect clinical decision process based on UPCR values and should be emphasized in veterinary practice.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.39-45
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• 2024

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of adding black soldier fly larvae powder (BSFP) in the manufacturing of processed chicken products for dogs using poultry by-products. Chicken breast and Mechanically Deboned Chicken Meat (MDCM) were used for chicken products. To evaluate the effect of the addition of BSFP, the chicken products without BSFP were compared with the chicken products with 1%, 1.5%, and 2% BSFP added. As the amount of BSFP in processed chicken products increased, the protein content and redness increased, and the lightness decreased (P<0.05). Therefore, BSFP showed potential to be used as an additive to improve protein content in the production of processed dog food using poultry by-products.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.7.1-7.13
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• 2020

Aging triggers cellular and molecular alterations, including genomic instability and organ dysfunction, which increases the risk of disease in mammals. Recently, due to the markedly growing number of aging dogs in the world, as much as 49% in total number of pet dogs, it is necessary to improve and maintain their quality of life by understanding of the biological effects of aging. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine specific biomarkers in aging dogs as a means of defining a set of hematological/biochemical biomarkers that influence the aging process. Blood samples were collected from younger (1-3 years) and older (7-10 years) dogs of middle/large size. The hematological/biochemistry analysis was performed to evaluate parameters significantly associated with age. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to target growth hormone (GH)/insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1), one of the main regulators of the aging process. Declining levels of total protein and increased levels of glucose in young dogs was observed regardless of their body size. Notably, a significantly high concentration of GH and IGF-1 in the younger dogs compared to the older dogs was found in middle/large-sized dogs. GH and IGF-1 were also found at significantly high levels in large-sized dogs compared to middle-sized dogs, suggesting a similar trend to that of elderly humans. Consequently, glucose, total protein, GH, and IGF-1 were identified as potential biomarkers for regulating the aging process in large/middle-sized dogs. These findings provide an invaluable insight into the mechanism of aging for the field of aging research.