• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.465-471
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was conducted to purpose the fundamental data for further developments of the school dental clinic program(SDCP) through comparing results of oral health promotion program for 4 years relating to compare oral health status of children who had experienced and had not experienced the program. Methods : The subjects were 66 children of elementary school in Busan Metropolitan City who had benefited school dental clinic program(SDCP) from 2004 to 2007 and control group was 98 children of elementary school who had not benefited school dental clinic program(SDCP). Data analysis were done with SPSS program (ver 13.0) through basic statistical data, t-test. Results : The DMF rate of elementary school students who had benefited program was 41.5% and it was lower than that of control group(52.5%), however it was not significant statistically. The DMT index of elementary school students who had benefited program was 1.81 and it was lower than that of control group(2.44)(p<0.05). The DMFT rate of elementary school students who had benefited program was 4.44% and it was lower than that of control group(7.45%)(p<0.05). Conclusions : In oder to promote oral health of children, school dental clinic in elementary school should be extended to more elementary schools as possible and the operating system should be changed to improve the efficiency. Oral health educational materials should be developed and utilized to improve educational effect.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈E:수학교육논문집
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.103-123
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• 2017

수학 수업에서 교사가 학생들이 제시할 적절한 과제를 선정하는 것은 중요하며 다양한 유형의 수학적 과제를 수반하는 수학 교과서의 효율적인 활용 또한 유의미하다고 할 수 있다(NCTM, 2000). 이러한 맥락에서 수학적 과제와 관련하여 이를 수반하는 수학 교과서의 탐색 및 분석은 의미 있는 일이며, 이때 수학적 과제들을 중심으로 구현된 MiC 교과서의 탐색이 적절할 것으로 판단된다. 그리하여 본 연구에서는 MiC 교과서에서 다루고 있는 수학적 과제들을 대상으로 학생들이 다양한 유형의 수학적 과제들을 통해 겪게 되는 인지적 요구 수준에 대해 살펴보고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 2006년에 출판된 MiC 교과서를 대상으로 하되, MiC 교과서의 모든 내용을 다루기에는 방대하므로 학교 안팎의 실생활 소재나 문제 상황이 보다 풍부한 '자료 분석과 확률' 영역을 선정하여 중학교급에 한정하여 다루기로 하였다. 한 마디로, 본 연구에서는 Stein 외(2009)가 제안한 과제 유형별 특징, 즉 '인지적 요구 수준(cognitive demand level)'을 기반으로 과제 유형 분석틀을 재구성하여 마련하고, 이를 토대로 MiC 교과서에서 다루고 있는 총 22개의 수학적 과제들의 수준(유형)을 살펴보고자 하였다. 끝으로, 본 연구 목적에 따라 도출된 양질의 결과를 토대로 교수 학습 자료의 개발 및 활용을 위한 제언을 덧붙이고자 한다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.13-24
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• 2003

The researcher worked with a total of 158 high school girls visiting the scaling practice room at the department of dental hygiene in Jinju Health college from November 11, 2002 to December 4, 2002, having their teeth scaled, observing their teeth and interviewing them with the aid of questionnaires. The findings can be summarized as follows. 1. The survey on the understanding of dental health and the attitudes of the subjects shows the following results : "I have never learned how to brush teeth" (65.8%: 104 girls); "I brush my teeth twice a day" (57.0%: 90 girls) : "I brush my teeth for 2 minutes"(44.3%: 70 girls): "I brush my teeth vertically and horizontally" (53.2%: 84 girls): "( brush my teeth, gum and tongue" (462%: 73 girls): "I use one brush for two months" (40.5%: 64 girls); "I don't have any floss" (582%: 92 girls): "I have never had my teeth scaled" (84.2%: 133girls) : "Smoking is bad for the teeth" (77.8%: 123 girls): "Drinking is bad for the teeth" (48.7%: 77 girls): "I have ever visited dental clinics" (92.4%: 146 girls). 2. The study on part of the teeth most exposed to caries shows the following results : Mandibular right first molar(79.8%: 126 girls): Mandibular left first molar(77.5%: 124 girls), Mandibular left second molar(70.2%: 111 girls). Mandibular right second molar(65.7%: 104 girls). Maxillary left first molar(59.5%: 94 girls): Maxillary left second molar(59.5%: 94 girls): Maxillary right first molar(58.2%: 92 girls). Maxillary right second molar(50.7%: 80 girls) 3. The statistics on the subjects' caries show the following results: DMF rate: 943%: DMFT rate: 25.61%: DMFT index: 7.17 teeth : DT rate: 4651%: FT rate: 52.25%: MT rate: 124% 4. The survey on dental caries statistics, dental health, dental health behavior, and the subjects' attitudes shows the following results: The worse the subjects' dental health was(r=-327, p<.001), the more they visited dental clinics(r=.195, p<.05), the higher DMT rate, DMFT index were; The more the subjects visited dental clinics(r =.359, p<.001), the higher DT rate was; The worse the subjects teeth went(r=-.197, p<.05), the higher MT rate was. It is necessary that systematic and substantial dental health education for high school students should be carried out in regard to plaque control, fluoride application, diet control, pit & fissure sealant as a part of developing national health policies designed for the dental health of the teenagers.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.279-287
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• 2007

Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element indispensable for brain development and function; either excess or deficiency in Cu can cause brain malfunction. While it is known that Cu and Fe homeostasis are strictly regulated in the brain, the question as to how systemic Fe status may influence brain Cu distribution was poorly understood. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that dietary Fe condition affects Cu transport into the brain, leading to an altered brain distribution of Cu. Rats were divided into 3 groups; an Fe-deficient (Fe-D) group which received an Fe-D diet ($3{\sim}5 mg$ Fe/kg), a control group that was fed with normal diet (35mg Fe/kg), and an Fe-overload group whose diet contained an Fe-O diet (20g carbonyl Fe/kg). Following a 4-week treatment, the concentration of Cu/Fe in serum, CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) and brain were determined by AAS, and the uptake rates of Cu into choroids plexus (CP), CSF, brain capillary and parenchyma were determined by an in situ brain perfusion, followed by capillary depletion. In Fe-D and Fe-O, serum Fe level decreased by 91% (p<0.01) and increased by 131% (p<0.01), respectively, in comparison to controls. Fe concentrations in all brain regions tested (frontal cortex, striatum, hippocampus, mid brain, and cerebellum) were lower than those of controls in Fe-D rats (p<0.05), but not changed in Fe-O rats. In Fe-D animals, serum and CSF Cu were not affected, while brain Cu levels in all tested regions (frontal cortex, striatum, hippocampus, mid brain, and cerebellum) were significantly increased (p<0.05). Likewise, the unidirectional transport rate constants $(K_{in})$ of Cu in CP, CSF, brain capillary and parenchyma were significantly increased (p<0.05) in the Fe-D rats. In contrast, with Fe-O, serum, CSF and brain Cu concentrations were significantly decreased as compared to controls (p<0.05). Cu transport was no significant change of Cu transport of serum in Fe-O rats. The mRNA levels of five Cu-related transporters were not affected by Fe status except DMT1 in the CP, which was increased in Fe-D and decreased in Fe-O. Our data suggest that Cu transport into brain and ensuing brain Cu levels are regulated by systemic Fe status. Fe deficiency appears to augment Cu transport by brain barriers, leading to an accumulation of Cu in brain parenchyma.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.45-55
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• 1983

뇌내 여러 신경전달물질계가 시상하부-뇌하수체-부신계(HPA)를 복잡하게 조절하고 있다는 증거가 많이 나오고 있다. 그 중에서도 5-HT(Serotonin)계의 stress시의 역할에 대해서는 많은 연구가 있어왔으나 아직 논란이 많이 제기되고 있다. 따라서 저자는 5-HT가 stress시 HPA axis를 조절하는데 필수적인 역할을 하는가를 말아보기 위해서 1) Stress전후에 5-HT의 steady state농도와 5-HT의 교체율(turnover rate) 및 합성율(synthesis rate)을 측정해 보았으며 2) 비교적 5-HT계에 특이하게 작용하는 여러 약물들을 주사한 후에 stress 반응을 측정해 보았다. 1) 1분간 ether stress 가한 직후에 시상하부와 다른 뇌부위에서의 5-HT와 5-HIAA농도는 즉각적으로 의미있게 상승하였으나 혈장 corticosterone농도는 즉각상승을 보이지 않다가 2분후에 상승을 보였다. 2) Stress(30분 immobilization & 1분 ether stress)가한 백서에서는 시상하부와 다른 뇌부위에서 5-HT합성을 혹은 교체율이 2배-4배까지 상승하였다. 3) 5-HT합성 전구물질(L-tryptophan)과 수용체 자극제 (5-MeODMT)를 투여하였을 때는 투여용량에 비례해서 혈장 corticosterone함량이 상승하였다. 4) L-tryptophan과 MAO억제제 (pargyline) 혹은 L-tryptophan과 5-MeODMT의 병합 투여로 stress시 혈장 corticosterone의 상승이 더 높게 나타났다. 5) 5-HT 합성억제제(PCPA), 5-HT 신경독약(5,7-DHT)을 투여하고 stress를 가하였을 때는 시상하부와 다른 뇌 부위에서 5-HT의 하강이 별로 나타나지 않았으며, 동시에 혈장 corticosterone의 하강도 의미있게 나타나지 않았다. 그러나 midline raphe핵을 파괴하였을 때는 5-HT와 corticosterone의 하강이 나타났다. 6) 비교적 특이하게 serotonin제에 작용하는 여러 약물들을 투여한 후에 나타나는 5-T와 혈장 corticosterone함량 사이에는 상당히 높은 양의 상관관계계가 있었다(r>0.81). 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼때 serotonin(5-HT)은 시상하부-뇌하수체-부신계의 스트레스반응조절에 중요한 자극적 역할을 하리라고 생각된다.