• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.101-105
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• 1992

There is increasing awareness of the devastating socio-economic cost of cardiovascular disease. As a result there have been a lot of extensive researches both on basic mechanisms involved and on the areas of epidemiology and clinical trials. Now it is being generally accepted that dietary n-3 fatty acids abundant in marine products, may reduce the incidence of cadiovascular disease. Fish oil . with its complement of n-3 fatty acids, has been shown the have diverse and sometimes potent actions on cells of the blood and vasculature, which may explain some of its positive effects on vascular disease. However, the appropriate intake of n-3 fatty acids has not been established. This may vary with desired effects, the duration of ingestion, the type of seafood or fish oil and amount of other fatty acids, especially n-6 fatty acid being consumed in the diet. Although the beneficial effects have been extensively studied, little is known about potential adverse effects with excessive intake of n-3 fatty acids. Thus, it is needed to study on the possible unfavorable effects including genetic effects.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.234-238
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• 2012

Genetic epidemiology studies have established that the natural variation of gene expression profiles is heritable and has genetic bases. A number of proximal and remote DNA variations, known as expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs), that are associated with the expression phenotypes have been identified, first in Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines and later expanded to other cell and tissue types. Integration of the eQTL information and the network analysis of transcription modules may lead to a better understanding of gene expression regulation. As these network modules have relevance to biological or disease pathways, these findings may be useful in predicting disease susceptibility.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.81 no.3
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• pp.187-197
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• 2018

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a frequent comorbid condition associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Pneumonia is the most common infectious disease condition. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the impact of pneumonia in patients with COPD. We will evaluate the epidemiology and factors associated with pneumonia. We are discussing the clinical characteristics of COPD that may favor the development of infections conditions such as pneumonia. Over the last 10 years, there is an increased evidence that COPD patients treated with inhaled corticosteroids are at increased risk to develp pneumonia. We will review the avaialbe information as well as the possible mechanism for this events. We also discuss the impact of influenza and pneumococcal vaccination in the prevention of pneumonia in COPD patients.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.43-54
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• 2012

Group B streptococcus (GBS) is the leading cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis in developed countries. This article reviews the neonatal invasive GBS disease, maternal GBS colonization, and prevention strategies in the context of recent epidemiological changes in Korea. Although Korean neonates had been supposed to have low incidence of invasive GBS disease, GBS has been recently reported to be the most common cause of invasive neonatal infection after 1990s. Among Korean pregnant women, GBS carriage rate in the vagina and rectum has been reported to be much lower than that in Western countries. However, it has increased in recent studies. For decision making about preventive strategy for neonatal GBS disease in Korea, further studies are required in terms of the incidence of neonatal GBS infection and serotype distribution. In addition, studies about maternal carriage rate and serotype distribution have to be continued.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.55 no.12
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• pp.455-461
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• 2012

Following the Five Year Measles Elimination Program, measles has been declared eliminated from the Republic of Korea since 2006. However, there remain challenges related to the surveillance of measles in the postelimination phase. Even though the routine surveillance system has revealed a gradual decrease in the number of reported cases since 2002, 4 resurgences have occurred, notably due to outbreaks. Because vaccine-modified measles is becoming widespread due to high vaccination coverage, conducting laboratory confirmation in each case becomes important. Moreover, susceptible individuals with measles have been identified through seroprevalence studies. Lastly, the efforts to improve the timeliness of measles reporting have led to the establishment of an active laboratory-based surveillance network, which has shortened the interval between diagnosis and notification. In these circumstances, searching for more sensitive and effective surveillance measures is important for maintaining the elimination status and preventing future outbreaks of measles in Korea.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.4765-4771
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• 2014

Background: Patients with chronic liver diseases (CLD) may have compromised health related quality of life (HRQoL). Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has long been the leading cause of CLD including liver cancer and cirrhosis. Knowledge on different symptom profiles of CLD should help in development of comprehensive treatment and patient care plans. Objective: To access the facets of HRQoL in chronic liver diseases throughout their spectrum of severity. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University in Yunnan Province of China. Both out- and inpatients undergoing treatment protocols for different HBV related liver disease states were consecutively collected from December 2012 to June 2013. ANOVA was used to compare the mean scores of EQ-5D and chronic liver disease questionnaire (CLDQ) among 5 disease groups. The relationship between demographic variables predicting global CLDQ scores and the domains of CLDQ was analysed. Results: A total of 1040 patients including 520 without complications, 91 with compensated cirrhosis, 198 with decompensated cirrhosis, 131 with HCC and 100 with liver failure were recruited. All domains of CLDQ, the means of EQ-5D value and EQ VAS exhibited significant decline with worsening of disease severity from uncomplicated HBV to liver failure. The multivariate regression demonstrated the reduction of mean scores of CLDQ domain at advanced stage. Patients with liver failure and HCC had more HRQoL impairment than other disease states. No effect of patient gender was found. Patient age was associated with 'fatigue' and 'worry' domains (p=0.006; p=0.004) but not with other domains and global scores of CLDQ and ED-5D. Conclusions: The HRQoL in chronic hepatitis B patients is greatly affected by disease states. Care for HBV-related diseases should consider not only the outcomes of treatment strategies but also improvement in patient wellbeing.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 2008

The objective of the study which utilised population based data was to determine the respiratory condition of elementary school children in Gangneung. From October 9th to December 14th, 2006, Pulmonary Function Tests (PFT) including Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and Forced Expiratoy Volume in I Second $(FEV_1)$ were conducted on the target group of children using a spirometer. The prevalence of asthmatic symptoms was 29.8% among boys and 39.6% among girls. By using logistic regression, we found that family history of allergic rhinitis (OR=3.90, CI=1.05-14.51), experience of allergic conjunctivitis (OR=4.67, CI=1.54-14.16) and atopic dermatitis (OR=2.86, CI=1.17-7.05) significantly increased the asthmatic symptoms. Also, a family history of asthma and food allergy were associated with asthmatic symptoms. In relation to housing and environmental risk factors, residences under the ground (OR=3.59, CI=1.35-9.51) and big-size dolls (OR=2.71, CI=0.86-8.53) significantly increased the prevalence of asthmatic symptoms. For PFT, above four families, exposure of passive smoking and pets significantly reduced FVC in both groups (p<0.05). In girls, a big-size doll was significantly associated with decreased lung function (FVC and $FEV_1$). In boys, using bed significantly reduced $FEV_1$. Also, the risk of asthmatic symptoms was found to increase when the house has been built for 5 years or more, the house is close to a road $({\leq}100m)$, a gas/Kerosene heater or carpet is utilized within the house. However, their differences were not significant. It is concluded that genetic factor such as a family history of respiratory disease, allergic symptoms and housing risk factor are related to asthmatic symptoms. These results were worth noting because the findings will help address risk factors related respiratory symptoms especially in relation to housing and environment.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1067-1074
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• 2014

In Morocco, breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women and a major public health problem. Several Moroccan studies have focused on studying this disease, but more are needed, especially at the genetic and molecular levels. It is therefore interesting to establish the genetic and molecular profile of Moroccan patients with breast cancer. In this paper, we will highlight some pertinent hypotheses that may enhance breast cancer care in Moroccan patients. This review will give a precise description of breast cancer in Morocco and propose some new markers for detection and prediction of breast cancer prognosis.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.351-354
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• 2008

Anaphylaxis is an acute systemic reaction caused by IgE-mediated immunological release of mediators from mast cells and basophils to allergenic triggers, such as food, insect venoms, and medications. An alternative definition was recently proposed as follows: anaphylaxis is a "condition caused by an IgE mediated reaction" that is "often life threatening and almost always unanticipated." The reaction can be severe enough to lead to the rapid onset of symptoms, including dizziness, upper airway occlusion, bronchial constriction, hypotension, urticaria, cardiovascular arrhythmias and possible cardiac arrest. The incidence or prevalence of anaphylaxis in Korean pediatrics has not known. Thus, Epidemiology of Anaphylaxis in Pediatrics based on the data from Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (KHIRA) from 2001 to 2007 and questionnaire to the member of Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease (KAPARD) who are working at the training hospitals was studied. The incidence of anaphylaxis under age 19 is 0.7-1.0 per 100,000 year-person. The causes of anaphylaxis based on data from KHIRA were unknown (61.7%), food (24.9%), medications (12.4%), and serum (1.0%).

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Pathology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.61-65
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• 1997

Epizootic streptococal infction is one of the common disease in guinea pig. We have confirmed 54 case of epizootic streptococal infection in guinea pig by histopathology and epidemiology. Grossly infection is characterized by the presense one to several enlarged lymph nodes particularly of the mandible cervical lymph nodes and accompanied by pleuropneumonia. Histologically there were lymphadenitis with abscesses surrounded by loose connective tissue fibrinopurulent pneumonia pleuritis myocarditis pericarditis and peritonitis. Epidemiological survey revealed that mortality was high in young adult female(15.1%) and changeable weather season such as spring and fall. From findings it was suggested that epizootic streptococal infection of guinea pig begin to infect in breeding colony around weaning period and died from that infection at animal facility during the quarantine period.