• ALGAE
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.181-192
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• 2011

Ballasting and deballasting of shipping vessels in foreign ports have been reported worldwide as a vector of introduction of non-native aquatic plants and animals. Recently, attention has turned to ballast water as a factor in the global increase of harmful algal blooms (HABs). Many species of microalgae, including harmful dinoflagellate species, can remain viable for months in dormant benthic stages (cysts) in ballast sediments. Over a period of four years, we surveyed ballast water and sediment of ships docked in two ports of Tampa Bay, Florida, USA. Sampling conditions encountered while sampling ballast water and sediments were vastly different between vessels. Since no single sample collection protocol could be applied, existing methods for sampling ballast were modified and new methods created to reduce time and labor necessary for the collection of high-quality, qualitative samples. Five methods were refined or developed, including one that allowed for a directed intake of water and sediments. From 63 samples, 1,633 dinoflagellate cysts and cyst-like cells were recovered. A native, cyst-forming, harmful dinoflagellate, Alexandrium balechii (Steidinger) F. J. R. Taylor, was collected, isolated, and cultured from the same vessel six months apart, indicating that ships exchanging ballast water in Tampa Bay have the potential to transport HAB species to other ports with similar ecologies, exposing them to non-native, potentially toxic blooms.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.359-371
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• 1998

We present the design specifications and the performance estimation of the FUVS (Far Ultraviolet Spectrograph) proposed for the observations of aurora, day/night airglow and astronomical objects on small satelltes in the spectral range of $900~1750AA$. The design of FUVS is carried out with the full consideration of optical characteristics of the grating and the aspheric substrate. Two independent methods, ray-tracing and the wave front aberration theory, are employed to estimate the performance of the optical design and it is verified that both procedures yield the resolution of $2~5AA$ in the entire spectral range. MDF (Minimum Detectable Flux) is also estimated using the known characteristics of the reflecting material and MCP, to study the feasibility of detection for faint emission lines from the hot interstellar plasmas. The results give that the observations from 1 day to 1 week, depending on the line intensity, can detect such faint emission lines from diffuse interstellar plasmas.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.155-175
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to establish a classification system for the records of the Association for the Bereaved Families of the Hampyeong Massacre Victims. The content of the records is accordingly implemented through a functional source principle, and a classification table is presented in such a way that it reflects the characteristics by type and by production period so that the records can be used effectively. DIRKS, a methodology for the development of the functional classification system, is used to conduct a functional analysis of Hampyeong massacre victims' families to derive a task classification table that leads to task function-work activity-handling actions. The category is determined by taking into consideration the type and nature of the time of the production of the records of the Hampyeong massacre victims' families. The records are mapped according to the function classification system, which corresponds to the task classification table, and the multicategory system that drafts the type and period, which is used to classify the functions. The medical institution introduces a system for classifying records into task subjects, task activities, handling actions, types, and period.