• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.510-516
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• 2001

Hydroponic cultivation is a technology of raising crops without use of soil. Generally farmers use the method of DFT(deep flow technology)to grow leafy or fruity vegetables; however, systematic and scientific researches are insufficient on this matter. This study investigated the possibility of cultivating Chinese cabbage steadily year long by using the method of DFT. Chinese cabbage was cultivated hydroponically with and without Ge addition, used to prepare kimchi, and the chemical and microbiological characteristics of kimchi were compared. The basic hydroponic cultivation condition was as follows: 30 days after seeding, the raised seeds were moved to a hydroponic bed and given underground water for 3 days so the roots grow normally Standard nutrient solution was provided and the early electric conductivity concentration was maintained between 1.5∼2.5 thickness. The temperature of the solution was maintained between 10 ∼25$^{\circ}C$ to allow the growth of Chinese cabbage. When soil-cultivated, organically cultivated and hydroponically cultivated Chinese cabbages were compared, hydroponically cultivated cabbages were smaller in size and showed less ability to build up and fold leaves into a head, but showed better quality than organically cultivated cabbages. The contents of protein and fat showed no significant differences. The contents of water. Ca, P, Fe, Vitamin A and Niacin were higher in control and Ge-added cabbages compared with soil-grown cabbage. There was no difference between soil-cultivated Chinese cabbage kimchi and hydroponically cultivated Chinese cabbage kimchi.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.123-134
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• 2002

In order to investigate dental caries and oral health status of Kindergarten children, a study was conducted from 1st December, 2000 to 21st January 2001. The subjects were consisted of 117 toddler and pre-school children who were enrolled in 4 kindergartens in a county of Kangwondo. A structured questionnaire was used for dental health behavior and dental examination was given by dentist for detecting dental caries The result were as follows: 1. As for the oral health behavior, 71.8% of subjects brushed their tooth twice a day, 18.8% of them once a day, 8.5% of them 3 times a day and 0.9% of them do not brushed. 68.6% of children brushed their teeth in the morning and evening, 20.7% of them before go to bed, 7.4%, and 2.5% of them after meal and before brak first. 71.7% of children used combined with scrubbing and vertical method, 28.3% of them used scrubbing method. 61.5% of their mother answered they observed oral status of children regularly. 2. Prevalence rate of dental caries (dft) was 68.4%. The prevalence rate of dft were significantly higher in the old age children, mother's lower educational level. nourishing with breast feeding, using bottle, irregular eating of snacks 3. Mean dft was 2.95 ; decayed and filled teeth was 1.97 and 0.98, respectively. The mean dft were significantly higher in the old age children, mother's lower educational level

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.07a
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• pp.197-198
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• 2008

Even if the DFT calculation is one of the general method to do phasor estimation, it can't adapt to alteration of the frequency. The Frequency is fastened to 60Hz in the ideal power system. However the frequency is not constant in real power system and fluctuates more followed by conditions of the power system. In these cases, the accurate phasor estimation is impossible by using a common DFT calculation, so that a frequency - adaptive phasor estimation method based on the fourier transform is proposed in this paper.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.293-305
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• 2005

This paper describes an improved Prony method in its speed, accuracy and reliability by efficiently determining the optimal sampling interval with use of DFT (discrete Fourier transformation). In the Prony method the computation time is dominated by the size of the linear prediction matrix, which is given by the number of data times the modeling order The size of the matrix in a general Prony method becomes large because of large number of data and so does the computation time. It is found that the Prony method produces satisfactory results when SNR is greater than three. The maximum sampling interval resulting minimum computation time is determined using the fact that the spectrum in DFT is inversely proportional to sampling interval. Also the process of computing the modes is made efficient by applying Hessenberg method to the companion matrix with complex shift and computing selectively only the dominant modes of interest. The proposed method is tested against the 2003 KEPCO system and found to be efficient and reliable. The proposed method may play a key role in monitoring in real time low frequency oscillations of power systems .

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.14-19
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• 2012

We investigate the doublet and quartet potential energy surfaces associated with the gas-phase reaction between $Ti^+$ and $CF_3COCH_3$ for two plausible reaction pathways, $TiF_2^+$ and $TiO^+$ formation pathways by using the density functional theory (DFT) method. The molecular structures of intermediates and transition states involved in these reaction pathways are optimized at the DFT level by using the PBE0 functional. All transition states are identified by using the intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) method, and the resulting reaction coordinates describe how $Ti^+$ activates $CF_3COCH_3$ and produces $TiF_2^+$ and $TiO^+$ as products. On the basis of presented results, we propose the most favorable reaction pathway in the reaction between $Ti^+$ and $CF_3COCH_3$.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.369-376
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• 2017

Intermolecular interaction energies and conformer geometries of the hydrogen bonded acrylamide dimers have been studied by using the second-order Møller-Plesset (MP2) perturbation theory and the density functional theory (DFT) with 17 density functionals. Dunning's correlation consistent basis sets (up to aug-cc-pVTZ) have been used to study the basis set effects. The DFT calculated interaction energies are compared to the reference energy data calculated by the MP2 method and the coupled cluster method at the complete basis set (CCSD(T)/CBS) limit in order to determine the relative performance of the studied density functionals. Overall, dispersion-energy-corrected density functionals outperform uncorrected ones. The ${\omega}B97XD$ density functional is particularly effective in terms of both accuracy and computational cost in estimating the reference energy values using small basis sets and is highly recommended for similar calculations for larger systems.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.6 no.9
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• pp.2218-2230
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose an efficient channel delay estimation method for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, especially over doubly-selective fading channels which are selective in both the symbol time domain and subcarrier frequency domain. For the doubly-selective fading channels in single frequency network (SFN), long and strong echoes exist and thus the conventional discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) based channel delay estimation system often fails to produce the exact channel delay profile. Based on the analysis of the discrete-time frequency response of the channel impulse response (CIR) coefficients in the DFT-based channel delay estimation system, we develop a method to effectively extract the true CIR from the aliased signals by employing a simple narrow-band low-pass filter (NB-LPF). The performance of the proposed system is verified using the COST207 TU6 SFN channel model.

• Proceeding of EDISON Challenge
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• 2017.03a
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• pp.457-462
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• 2017

A linear carbon chain with pure sp hybridization has been intensively studied for the application of its intrinsic electrical properties to electronic devices. Owing to the high chemical reactivity derived from its unsaturated bond, encapsulation by carbon nanotubes (CNT) is provided as a promising method to stabilize the geometry of the linear carbon chain. Although the influence of CNT on the carbon chain has extensively been studied in terms of both electronic structure and geometries, the electron transport properties has not been discussed yet. In this regard, we provide the systematic atomic-scale analyses of the properties of the linear carbon chain within CNT based on a computational approach combining density-functional theory (DFT) and matrix green function (MGF) method. Based on the DFT calculations, the influence of CNT on electronic structures of the linear carbon chain is provided as well as its electrical origin. Via MGF calculations, we also identify the electron transport properties of the carbon chain - CNT complex.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.91-93
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• 2008

In this paper, novel phase angle following algorithm for the single phase grid-connected inverter is proposed. Gird-connected inverter needs phase angle detection for synchronization grid voltage with the inverter output. In case of single phase grid-connected inverter, zero crossing detection and virtual 2-phase PLL using digital all pass filter or digital low pass filter are used conventionally. But these methods have a weakness for harmonics, noises and ripples. The proposed method of PLL achieve DFT(Discrete Fourier Transform) using Goertzel algorithm. It can extract fundamental voltage of grid. As a results, it can obtain phase angle using digital all pass filter without effect of harmonics, noises and ripples. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.300-304
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• 2000

The B3LYP method based on the density functional theory(DFT) is shown to be much better than the ab initio MP2 method for structural determination of diphosphadithiatetrazocine systems having transannular S--S bonding. The presence of bonding between the two sulfur atoms across the cyclic ring is theoretically confirmed in the case of the neutral diphosphadithiatetrazocine. The S--S dobding disappears in the ionized species. The planarity of the dicationic heterocyclic ring system turns out to be closely associated with the $\pi-electron$ delocalization over the entire ring as well as the N-S-N bonds, which become stiffened upon ionizaiton. In the case of dianionic species, the chair-boat and chair conformers are nearly degenerate and far more stable than the crown conformer.