• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.16.1-16.10
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• 2020

This study was conducted in Lake Hayq between January and December 2018. The objectives of this study were to determine the growth, condition, sex ratio, fecundity, length at first sexual maturity (L₅₀), and spawning seasons of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Monthly fish samples of C. carpio were collected using gillnets of stretched mesh sizes of 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, and 13 cm and beach seines of mesh size of 6 cm. Immediately after the fish were captured, total length (TL) and total weight (TW) for each individual were measured in centimeters and grams, respectively, and their relationship was determined using power function. Length at first maturity (L₅₀) was determined for both males and females using the logistic regression model. The spawning season was determined from the frequency of mature gonads and variation of gonadosomatic index (GSI) values of both males and females. Fecundity was analyzed from 67 mature female specimens. The length and weight relationship of C. carpio was TW = 0.015TL^2.93 for females and TW = 0.018TL^2.87 for males that indicate negative allometric growth in both cases. The mean Fulton condition factor (C_F) was 1.23 ± 0.013 for females and 1.21 ± 0.011 for males. The value of C_F in both cases was > 1 that shows both sexes are in good condition. Among the total 1055 C. carpio collected from Lake Hayq, 459 (43.5%) were females and 596 (56.5%) were males. The chi-square test showed that there was a significant deviation between male and female numbers from 1:1 ratio (χ²= 22, df = 11, P > 0.05) within sampling months. The length at first sexual maturity (L₅₀) for females and males were 21.5 and 17.5 cm, respectively. Males mature at smaller sizes than females. The spawning season of C. carpio was extended from February to April, and the peak spawning season for both sexes was in April. The average absolute fecundity was 28,100 ± 17,462. C. carpio is currently the commercially important fish while Nile tilapia fishery has declined in Lake Hayq. Therefore, this baseline data on growth, condition, and reproductive biology of common carp will be essential to understand the status of the population of carp and design appropriate management systems for the fish stock of Lake Hayq, Ethiopia, and adjacent countries.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.281-299
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• 1990

The organization of nursing department Significantly effects the hospital management. Especially, The head nurse is one of the most important position because head nurse is a first-line manager in the hospital level, a middle manager in nursing service organizations level and the top manager in each nursing unit level. This study was attempted to show the ideal model and nile by compare head nurses' role perception with staff nurses' role expectation according to two types of hospital. The survey was conducted among 94 head nurses and 233 staff nurses who are working at 5 different University Hospitals over 600 beds and 93 head nurses and 218 staff nurses Who are working at 12 different General Hospitals between 100∼300 beds in Seoul. The data was collected in a period from 8th September to 13th October in 1989 and the instrument used for this study was based on Han's one and reffered back to many literary sources and revised. The collected data was analysed by computer using S.P.S.S. program as a Mean, Percentage, Cronbach's alpha, Chi-Square, t-test and ANOVA. 1. The study was compared to the difference of the two subject group's general characteristics according to a type of hospital. As a relult, there were significant differences in age, educational background and career. 2. This Study was compared to the difference of the two subject group's role perception and role expection about each question according to a type of hospital. The result of this comparisons as follows : First, These were the most important issue between both groups : “Head nurse has to know about her staff's events and problems and then help them to solve that promptly.” Second, These were the least important issue between both groups : “Head nurse has an interview with patient's family and visitors”, “Head nurse is interested in her staff's privacy.” 3. This study was compared to the differences of each role areas according to a type of hospital. As a result, there were no significant differences both two subject groups except nursing manager role in staff nurses' group(t＝-2.893, df＝449.0, p＝0.004). 4. This study was tested to the difference of the two subject groups according to general characteristics. As a result, All of that there were no significant differences.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.371-379
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to develop basic data in improving quality of life along with the enhancement in oral health, by arranging a plan for being able to reduce dental fear given the dental treatment in the future by grasping the subjective oral health recognition & status, and the dental fear level of the dental treatment field targeting patients of visiting dental clinics in Busan and Gyeongnam area. In the whole items of DFS, a sense of fear was higher in women than men. A factor of avoiding dental treatment stood at 1.72 points in men and 2.10 points(p<0.001) in women. A factor of response to stimulation stood at 2.75 points in men and 3.20 points(p=0.001) in women. A fear level according to dental kind was high in a factor of avoiding implant treatment(p=0.015), a factor of avoiding orthodontic treatment(p=0.002), physiological reaction(p=0.009), a factor of avoiding prosthesis treatment(p=0.014), a factor of avoiding pulpectomy treatment(p=0.005), a factor of physiological reaction(p=0.017), a factor of avoiding periodontal therapy(p=0.013), a factor of physiological reaction(p=0.004), and a factor of avoiding treatment given not receiving regular checkup(p=0.027). In the above results, to reduce dental fear, there will be a need of developing diverse programs and oral health eduction for regular checkup and preventive treatment.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.141-148
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• 2005

This study was conducted to evaluate physicochemical and textural properties, and antimicrobial effects of low-fat comminuted sausages manufactured with sodium lactate $(3.3\%,\;SL)$ and various levels $(0.1\~0.3\%)$ of grapefruit seed extract (GSE, DF-100) during refrigerated storage for 10 weeks. Low-fat comminuted sausages (LFCS) has pH ranges of $6.09\~6.26,\;74\~76\%$ moisture, $<3\%\;fat,\;16\~17\%$ protein. The addition of SL $(3.3\%)$ and GSE with various levels $(0.1\~0.3\%)$ didn't impair water holding capacity (WHC), vacuum purge (VP) and Hunter color values (L, a, b). LFCS containing SL $(3.3\%)$ increased hardness and chewiness, whereas most TPA values were not affected by the addition of various levels $(0.1\~0.3\%)$ of GSE. LFCS containing $0.2\%\;or\;0.3\%$ GSE retarded the microbial growth of Listeria monocytogenes(LM). The addition of $0.3\%$ GSE in LFCS showed similar antimicrobial effect to $3.3\%$ SL, which kept $10^3 CFU/g$ until 10 weeks of refrigerated storage. Yellowness, VP and cohesiveness tended to be increased with increased storage time. These results indicated that the addition of $0.3\%$ GSE as a replacer for synthetic particularly paI1icuiarly inhibited the microbial growth of LM, resulting in antimicrobial effect similar to those of $3.3\%$ SL treatment without quality defects.