• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.1517-1520
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• 2008

최근의 사이버 공격은 경쟁사에 대한 DDoS 공격과 기밀정보 유출, 일반 사용자들의 금융정보 유출, 광고성 스팸메일의 대량 발송 등 불법 행위를 대행해주고 경제적 이득을 취하려는 의도로 바뀌어 가고 있다. 그 중심에 있는 봇넷은 봇이라 불리는 감염된 호스트들의 네트워크 집단으로서 일련의 거의 모든 사이버 공격에 이용되고 있다. 이러한 봇넷은 수 많은 변종과 다양한 탐지 회피 기술로 그 세력을 확장해가고 있지만 마땅한 총괄적 대책은 미흡한 것이 현실이다. 이 논문에서는 날이 갈수록 위협을 더해가는 봇넷을 빠르게 탐지하고 대응하기 위해 ISP 사업자들 간, 혹은 국가 간에 걸친 사회 전반적인 협력을 통한 봇넷 탐지 및 관리 시스템 구조를 제안한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.1496-1499
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• 2008

DoS/DDoS로 대표되는 트래픽 폭주 공격은 대상 시스템뿐만 아니라 네트워크 대역폭 및 시스템 자원 등을 고갈시킴으로써 네트워크에 심각한 장애를 유발하기 때문에, 신속한 공격 탐지와 공격유형별 분류는 안정적인 서비스 제공 및 시스템 운영에 필수요건이다. 본 논문에서는 1) 데이터마이닝의 대표적인 분류 모델인 C4.5 알고리즘을 기반으로 SNMP MIB 정보를 사용하여 트래픽 폭주공격을 탐지하고 각 공격유형별 분류를 수행하는 시스템을 설계 및 구현하였다; 2) C4.5에서 추가적으로 제공하는 동작원리에 관한 규칙들을 상세히 분석함으로써 공격탐지 및 공격유형별 분류에 관한 시스템의 의미론적 해석을 시도하였다; 3) C4.5는 주어진 SNMP MIB의 속성들의 정보이익 값을 이용하여 예측모형을 구축하는 알고리즘으로, 특징선택 및 축소의 효과를 추가적으로 얻었다. 따라서 시스템의 운용 시, 제안된 모델은 전체 13개의 MIB 정보 중 5개의 MIB 정보만을 사용하여 보다 신속하고, 정확하며, 또한 가벼운 공격탐지 및 공격유형별 분류를 수행함으로써 네트워크 시스템의 자원관리와 효율적인 시스템 운영에 기여하였다.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.954-961
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• 2013

To enhance the efficiency of network, content-centric networking (CCN), one of future Internet architectures, allows network nodes to temporally cache transmitted contents and then to directly respond to request messages which are relevant to previously cached contents. Also, since CCN uses a hierarchical content-name, not a host identity like source/destination IP address, for request/response packet routing and CCN request message does not include requester's information for privacy protection, contents-providers/ network nodes can not identify practical requesters sending request messages. So to send back relevant contents, network nodes in CCN records both a request message and its incoming interfaces on Pending Interest Table (PIT). Then the devices refer PIT to return back a response message. If PIT is exhausted, the device can not normally handle request/response messages anymore. Hence, it is needed to detect/react attack to exhaust PIT. Hence, in this paper, we propose improved detection/reaction schemes against attacks to exhaust PIT. In practice, for fine-grained control, this proposal is applied to each incoming interface. Also, we propose the message framework to control attack traffic and evaluate the performance of our proposal.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.8
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• pp.51-57
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• 2017

A wireless sensor network is composed of many resource constrained sensor nodes. These networks are attacked by malicious attacks like DDoS and routing attacks. In this paper, we propose the intrusion detection and prevention system using convergence of software-defined networking and security technology in wireless sensor networks. Our proposed scheme detects various intrusions in a central server by accumulating log messages of OpenFlow switch through SDN controller and prevents the intrusions by configuring OpenFlow switch. In order to validate our proposed scheme, we show it can detect and prevent some malicious attacks in wireless sensor networks.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.407-414
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• 2014

The Internet is a highly distributed and complex system consisting of billion devices and has become the field of various kinds of conflicts during the last two decades. As a matter of fact, various actors utilise the Internet for illicit purposes, such as for performing distributed denial of service attacks (DDoS) and for spreading various types of aggressive malware. Despite the fact that numerous services provide information regarding the threat level of the Internet, they are mostly based on information acquired by their sensors or on offline statistical sampling of various security applications (antivirus software, intrusion detection systems, etc.). This paper introduces proactive threat observatory system (PROTOS), an open-source early warning system that does not require a commercial license and is capable of estimating the threat level across the Internet. The proposed system utilises both a global and a local approach, and is thus able to determine whether a specific host is under an imminent threat, as well as to provide an estimation of the malicious activity across the Internet. Apart from these obvious advantages, PROTOS supports a large-scale installation and can be extended even further to improve the effectiveness by incorporating prediction and forecasting techniques.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.151-163
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• 2013

It is no doubt that information technology is the key factor of national safety. Information technology is positively useful for national security such as crime prevention and detection, criminal investigation, disaster management, and national defense. However, it might be a threat to the security as we saw in the examples such as '3.4 DDoS attacks' and 'Nong-hyup Computer Network Failure.' Although the effect that information technology makes upon the national security is immense, the current legal system does not reflect these changes well. National security should be kept during 'prevention-response-recovery' process regardless it is in the online on offline. In addition, public administration for national security should be based on laws. However, the current legal system is lack of legislative basis on cyber and physical disaster, and the laws on the response to disaster might cause confusing. Therefore, this study examines the limitation of the current legal system on national security, and suggests directions for the development of the system based on the new establishment of the legal concept for 'national security'.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.27-33
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• 2019

One of serious security threats is a botnet-based attack. A botnet in general consists of numerous bots, which are computing devices with networking function, such as personal computers, smartphones, or tiny IoT sensor devices compromised by malicious codes or attackers. Such botnets can launch various serious cyber-attacks like DDoS attacks, propagating mal-wares, and spreading spam e-mails over the network. To establish a botnet, attackers usually inject malicious URLs into web source codes stealthily by using data hiding methods like Javascript obfuscation techniques to avoid being discovered by traditional security systems such as Firewall, IPS(Intrusion Prevention System) or IDS(Intrusion Detection System). Meanwhile, it is non-trivial work in practice for software developers to manually find such malicious URLs which are hidden in numerous web source codes stored in web servers. In this paper, we propose a security defense system to discover such suspicious, malicious URLs hidden in web source codes, and present experiment results that show its discovery performance. In particular, based on our experiment results, our proposed system discovered 100% of URLs hidden by Javascript encoding obfuscation within sample web source files.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.1458-1461
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• 2010

작년 7월 7일에 있었던 DDoS 공격과 같이 악성 코드로 인한 피해의 규모가 해마다 증가하고 있다. 특히 변형 웜(Polymorphic Worm)은 기존의 방법으로 1차 공격에서의 탐지가 어렵기 때문에 그 위험성이 더 크다. 이에 본 연구에서는 바이오 인포매틱스(Bioinformatics) 분야에서 유전자들의 유사성과 특징을 찾기 위한 방법 중 하나인 Local Alignment를 소개하고 이를 변형 웜 탐지에 적용한다. 또한 수행의 병렬화 및 알고리즘 변형을 통하여 기존 알고리즘의 $O(n^4)$수행시간이라는 단점을 극복한다. 병렬화는 NVIDIA사의 GPU를 이용한 CUDA 프로그래밍과 AMD사의 GPU를 사용한 OpenCL 프로그래밍을 통하여 수행되었다. 이로써 각 GPGPU 플랫폼에서의 Local Alignment를 이용한 변형 웜 탐지 알고리즘의 성능을 비교하였다.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.44 no.3 s.357
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• pp.33-40
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• 2007

In this paper, low-rate TCP attack as one of shrew attacks is considered and the scaling based dynamic time warping (S-DTW) algorithm is introduced. The low-rate TCP attack can not be detected by the detection method for the previous flooding DoS/DDoS (Denial of Service/Distirbuted Denial of Service) attacks due to its low average traffic rate. It, however, is a periodic short burst that exploits the homogeneity of the minimum retransmission timeout (RTO) of TCP flows and then some pattern matching mechanisms have been proposed to detect it among legitimate input flows. A DTW mechanism as one of detection approaches has proposed to detect attack input stream consisting of many legitimate or attack flows, and shown a depending method as well. This approach, however, has a problem that legitimate input stream may be caught as an attack one. In addition, it is difficult to decide a threshold for separation between the legitimate and the malicious. Thus, the causes of this problem are analyzed through simulation and the scaling by maximum auto-correlation value is executed before computing the DTW. We also discuss the results on applying various scaling approaches and using standard deviation of input streams monitored.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.675-684
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• 2009

Internet worm can cause a traffic problem through DDoS(Distributed Denial of Services) or other kind of attacks. In those manners, it can compromise the internet infrastructure. In addition to this, it can intrude to important server and expose personal information to attacker. However, current detection and response mechanisms to worm have many vulnerabilities, because they only use local characteristic of worm or can treat known worms. In this paper, we propose a new framework to detect unknown worms. It uses macroscopic characteristic of worm to detect unknown worm early. In proposed idea, we define the macroscopic behavior of worm, propose a worm detection method to detect worm flow directly in IP packet networks, and show the performance of our system with simulations. In IP based method, we implement the proposed system and measure the time overhead to execute our system. The measurement shows our system is not too heavy to normal host users.