• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.403-413
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• 2011

In this paper, we proposed a digital image watermarking technique using scrambled binary phase computer generated hologram in the discrete cosine transform(DCT) domain. For the embedding process of watermark. Using simulated annealing algorithm, we would generate a binary phase computer generated hologram(BPCGH) which can reconstruct hidden image perfectly instead of hidden image and encrypt it through the scramble operation. We multiply the encrypted watermark by the weight function and embed it into the DC coefficients in the DCT domain of host image and an inverse DCT is performed. For the extracting process of watermark, we compare the DC coefficients of watermarked image and original host image in the DCT domain and dividing it by the weight function and decrypt it using descramble operation. And we recover the hidden image by inverse Fourier transforming the decrypted watermark. Finally, we compute the correlation between the original hidden image and recovered hidden image to determine if a watermark exits in the host image. The proposed watermarking technique use the hologram information of hidden image which consist of binary values and scramble encryption technique so it is very secure and robust to the various external attacks such as compression, noises and cropping. We confirmed the advantages of the proposed watermarking technique through the computer simulations.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.25 no.3B
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• pp.541-548
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• 2000

In the MPEG-4 standardization phase, many methods for coding the irregular shaped VOP (video object Plane) have been researched. Texture coding is one of interesting research items in the MPEG-4. There are the Low pass extrapolation (LPE) padding, the shape adaptive DCT (SA-DCT), and the Extension-Interpolation (EI)/2D-DCT proposed in [1] as texture coding methods. the EI/2D-DCT is the method extending and interpolating luminance values from and Arbitrarily Shaped (AS) image segment into an 8 x 8 block and transforming the extended and interpolated luminance values by the 8x8 DCT. although the EI/2D-DCT and the SA-DCT work well in coding the As image segments. they are degraded since they use one-dimensional (1-D) methods such as the 1D-EI and the 1D-DCT in the two-dimensional (2-D) space. in this paper, we analyze the performance of the EI/2D-DCTand propose a new non-symmetric sig-sag scanning method, which non-symmetrically scans the quantized coefficients in the DCT domain to improve the EI/2D-DCT.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.107-110
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• 2018

Image compression is the application of Data compression on digital images. The (DCT) discrete cosine transform is a technique for converting a time domain to a frequency domain. It is widely used in image compression. First, the image is divided into 8x8 pixel blocks. Apply the DCT to each block while processing from top to bottom from left to right. Each block is compressed through quantization. The space of the compressed block array constituting the image is greatly reduced. Reconstruct the image through the IDCT. The purpose of this research is to understand compression/decompression of images using the DCT method.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.213-216
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• 2001

The H.263 Annex I method for the intraframe coding is based on the prediction in DCT domain, unlike JPEG, MPEG-1, and MPEG-2 where the intraframe coding uses block DCT, independent of the neighboring blocks. In this paper, we show the ineffectiveness of H.263 Annex I prediction method by mathematically deriving the spatial domain meaning of H.263 Annex I prediction method. Based on the derivation, we propose a prediction method which is based on the spatial correlation property of image signals. From the experiment and derivation, we verified the proposed method.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.104-111
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• 2010

This paper presents an adaptive image enhancement method using the spatial frequency property in the DCT(discrete cosine transform) compressed domain. The dc coefficients, the illumination components of image, are adjusted to compress the dynamic range of image, and the ac coefficients are modified to enhance the contrast by using the human visual system(HVS) and the spatial frequency property. The ac coefficients are separated into vertical direction, horizontal direction, and mixed spatial frequency components, and adaptively modified to minimize the block artifacts that possibly occur in the image enhancement. The proposed method using dynamic range compression and adaptive contrast enhancement shows the advanced performance without the block artifact compared with existing method.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.141-148
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• 2001

DCT(Discrete Cosine Transform) 변환은 MPEG과 JPEG 표준에 의하여 영상이나 비디오 영상을 압축하는데 사용되어져 왔다. 본 연구에서는 이상적인 경계가 관련된 특성을 유도하고, 실시간 처리를 위하여 모델에 바탕을 둔 DCT 영역에서의 불연속 경계 평가 방법을 제안한다. 이 방법은 방향 검증과 위치 정렬 등의 평가로 구성된다. 두 가지의 평가 방법에 의하여 경계의 다양한 방향과위치를 알 수 있으며, DCT 계수들을 표준화된 형식으로 정렬시킬 수 있고, 표준화된 DCT 계수에서 이상적인 계단 경계의 특성과 비교하여 경계의 크기를 산출할 수 있다. DCT 계수가 8x8의 블록 단위로 이루어져 있어 경계의 표현이 조밀하지는 않지만 처리 시간이 빠르고 잡음에 강한 특성을 가지고 있어 다양한 실시간 응용분야에 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2004.10c
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• pp.460-462
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• 2004

최신의 동영상 압축 표준인 H.264[1]는 기존의 동영상 압축 표준에 비해 압축 성능이 매우 높으며 4$\times$4 DCT(Discrete Cosine Transform)를 수행하는 특징이 있다. H.264 표준에서는 압축 효율을 높이기 위해 Intra 프레임 내의 이웃한 픽셀칸의 연관성을 이용한 프레임 내 창조(Intra Prediction)를 수행한다. 그러므로 기존의 동영상 압축 데이터를 H.264로 변환하기 위해서는 intra 프레임의 프레임 내 창조와 8$\times$8 DCT 블록의 4$\times$4 정수형 DCT 블록으로의 변환을 필수적으로 수행해야 한다. 또한, Intra 프레임은 GOP 내의 다른 프레임의 창조 대상이 되므로 변환 시 화질의 최적화가 필수적이다[2]. 본 논문에서는 Intra 프레임의 변환 시 화질의 최적화를 위해 DCT 도메인 상에서 프레임 내 창조를 수행하는 기법을 제안한다. 제안된 기법은 추가적인 계산없이 DCT 변환으로 인한 오류를 줄여 변환된 intra 프레임의 화질을 개선할 수 있다.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.100-108
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• 2023

In hybrid block-based video coding, transform coding converts spatial domain residual signals into frequency domain data and concentrates energy in a low frequency band to achieve a high compression efficiency in entropy coding. The state-of-the-art video coding standard, VVC(Versatile Video Coding), uses DCT-2(Discrete Cosine Transform type 2), DST-7(Discrete Sine Transform type 7), and DCT-8(Discrete Cosine Transform type 8) for primary transform. In this paper, considering that DCT-2, DST-7, and DCT-8 are all linear transformations, we propose an inverse transform that reduces the number of multiplications in the inverse transform by using the linearity of the linear transform. The proposed inverse transform method reduced encoding time and decoding time by an average 26%, 15% in AI and 4%, 10% in RA without the increase of bitrate compared to VTM-8.2.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Communication Sciences Conference
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• 1987.04a
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• pp.35-38
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• 1987

The purpose of this paper is to compare a class of vector quantization techniques which include GVQ(Genera VQ) MSVQ(Mean separated VQ) and DCT_VQ The VQ techniques are applied to six images and both subjective and objective performance comparison are made The results indicate that the transform domain approach(DCT_VQ) yields more syable results than the spatial domain method (GVQ, MSVQ)

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2003.07e
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• pp.1707-1710
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• 2003

In this paper, we propose a method of decision on blurring for business card images using block classification. In the proposed method, an input image is partitioned into 8${\times}$8 blocks and each block is classified into character block or background block using a block energy calculated in DCT domain. Whether the input image is blurring or non-blurring is determined using a ratio of low frequency energy and high frequency energy in DCT domain. Experimental results show that the proposed block classification classifies block well and the proposed decision on blurring decides well for various business card images.