• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2015

The study was performed to analyze the growth of the red pine (Pinus densiflora) in the Eastern Region of Korea. Stem profile data from a total of 8 dominant trees of which each tree represents its site were collected and used for the analysis. The stem volumes were calculated using Smalian's formula and much higher than the ones by Korea Forest Research Institute in larger than dbh 40 cm. The total bark volumes were more proportionally related to dbh and stem volume than to height and age. The bark thickness and volume decreased as relative height increases but increased as relative dbh increased. The average PAI of dbh and height reached the highest at 0.8 cm/yr (age 15) and at 0.45 m/yr (age 30) respectively, while the average PAI of volume steadily tended to increase up to age 80. The growth percentages of dbh, height and volume tended to decrease with age and volume growth percentage was higher than dbh and height.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.29-33
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• 2014

This study aimed at finding a fast, sensitive, and efficient protocol for molecular identification of intracellular protozoa Toxoplasma (T.) gondii. For molecular detection of T. gondii, we developed a polymerase chain reaction coupled with dot blot hybridization assay (PCR/DBH). For DBH analysis, the amplified DNA of T. gondii tachyzoite was labeled by incorporation of digoxigenin. The DBH assay alone was capable of detecting down to $1{\times}10^4$ pg of T. gondii genomic DNA. The PCR alone was capable of detecting down to $1{\times}10^3$ pg of T. gondii genomic DNA, whereas the PCR/DBH assay was capable of detecting down to $1{\times}10^2$ pg of T. gondii genomic DNA, indicating that sensitivity of the PCR/DBH method was approximately 10 to 100 times higher than PCR or DBH alone. Our PCR/DBH assay will be useful for confirming the presence of T. gondii on the samples and differentiating T. gondii infection from other intracellular protozoa infections.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.179-185
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• 2007

Purpose : Catecholamines are the neuro-transmitters in the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and are activated by stress stimulus. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and Dopamine-${\beta}$-Hydroxylase (DBH) are very important enzymes in the catecholamine synthesis. Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) is released in the process of reacting to stresses. The aim of this study is to find out what effects immobilization stresses have on the expression of TH, BDH and CRH mRNA in a rat's brains. Methods : We compare expression levels in rat's brains of TH, DBH and CRH mRNA induced by immobilization stresses between the test group and controled group. The expression levels of TH, DBH and CRH mRNA are measured by RT-PCR and the Western Blotting Analysis (WBA). Results : In brains and adrenal glands of the immobilization stress group, the expression levels of TH and DBH mRNAs are significantly two to three times higher (P<0.01), and CRH mRNAs are approximately one and a half times higher (P<0.05) than those of controlled group. Conclusion : This study suggest that the expression levels of TH, DBH and CRH mRNAs are activated by stress stimulus in a rat's brains and adrenal glands.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.99-107
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• 1990

Dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) is a neurotransmitter biosynthetic enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine. Although structural studies of the mature form of this enzyme have been extensive, the culmination of these finding had been hightly controversial and contradictory. In this study, biochemical approaches were taken to characterize the structure of mature DBH. Soluble bovine DBH was purified from aderenal medulla. Three bands of 69 kDa, 72 kDa and 75 kDa which were physically separable and similar in structure were observed by SDS-PAGE. Furthermore, gas phase sequence analysis revealed that the 72 kDa band consists of two polypeptides which are present at equimolar concentrations and differed in that one had three extra amino acids at the N-terminus. Taken together, the soluble form of DBH exist in at least four forms, three identified by SDS-PAGE, one of which consists of two polypeptides as identified by N-terminal sequence analysis. The significance of these forms and their possible biosynthetic mechanisms are discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.51-57
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• 2007

In order to study the characteristics of vegetation structure in Gundal mountain, we investigated forest community using belt transect method at 30 sites in Gundal mountain. As the result of important value' calculation on over DBH 2cm, Pinus densiflora (56.8), Quercus mongolica (48.5), Pinus rigida(41.4), Castanea crenata (22.3), Quercus variabilis (22.3), Carpinus laxiflora (16.9), Quercus aliena (11.3), Sorbus alnifolia (8.6), and Quercus acutissima (8.5) were in the order of important value. According to the ordination analysis of Gundal mountain forest, Quercus mongolica was found in north face and high of mountain. Carpinus laxiflora was found in north face steep slope and middle of mountain. As DBH analysis, the study community will be dominated by Quercus species. The correlation between the forest community and environment factor could be thought as distinction by soil nutrition etc., but we need more study about environment factors.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.803-815
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• 2017

In this study of the oak wilt disease that has occurred in a large scale in a protected area located near South Korea's metropolitan region, a detailed analysis has been conducted on the terrain, species and Diameters at Breast Height (DBH) of infected trees to identify the distribution of infection properties in the affected area. Taking into consideration the distribution of oak tree vegetation, a total of 4,640 quadrats in a size of 10 m by 10 m, have been set; and oak tree species, the DBH and infection damage per quadrat have been investigated. Geological properties have been analyzed according to elevation, slope, aspect and micro topography while a weighted value has been given according to the degree of infection in order to calculate an infection index. Through correlation analysis, the infection ratio of seriously-damaged and withered trees and the infection index have been analyzed with regards to the geological properties, tree species and DBH. The analysis shows that the disease tends to affect an area with medium elevation rather than those in the highest or lowest areas and that serious damage has been observed at rugged spots with a steep gradient (more than $30^{\circ}$). Although there has been no distinct tendency with regards to aspect, the infection ratio is relatively high in areas facing the north while the seriously-damaged and withered ratio are high in areas facing the south. In terms of micro topography, more damage has been spotted in valley terrain. Quercus mongolica has sustained more damage than other species. When it comes to the DBH, as seen in previous studies, large trees have suffered severe damage, but the analysis has also revealed conspicuous damage to medium trees with a DBH of 15-20 cm, which had not previously been considered at high risk.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.379-393
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• 2002

Thirty-six plots (each size 100m2) have been set up and surveyed to investigate the plant community structure and the ecological density of Pinus densiflora for. eracta(Chunyang-type) community in Seobyeok-ri, Chungyang-myeon, bonghwa-gun, Kyeongsangbuk-do. Four communities, Community I (large DBH class), Community II (large DBH class), Community III (middle DBH class), Community IV(small DBH class), were classified into by mean DBH and mean height. Pinus densiflora for. eracta dominate in canopy layer, Fraxinus sieboldiana and Quercus mongolica dominate in understory layer, Rhododendron Schlippenbachii and R. mucronulatum dominate in shrub layer. It turned out that thefour communiteis had low species diversity(0.4320~0.9487; unit: 400$m^2$) and high similarity. By the result of ecological density analysis. the mean basal area was proportionated to mean DBH (cm) size. By the result of simple regression analysis between mean DBH(cm), mean distance(m), and the number of individual were as follow: Ecological distance(m) = 0.0934$\times$ DBH(cm) +0.6117, Number of individual=242.47$\times$ DBH(cm)$^{-1.009}$, Ecological distance=9.643$\times$No. of individua $l^{-0.7016}$. In addition to four communities were suitable to the growth of Tricholoma matsutake because average species were about 30~50 years old, litter layer was 0.5~2.5cm and the ratio of coverage shrub was 20% .

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.4
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• pp.564-573
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to select a representative coastal disaster prevention forest type for each coastal area. In this study, we used cluster analysis with the results obtained from investigation for density of growing stock, tree height, DBH, and forest width and length of major coastal disaster prevention forests distributed in the west, the south, and the east coasts. The results showed that the coastal disaster prevention forests for each coast were classified into two types: a forest type with small DBH and high growing stock density (W1) or with high tree height (W2) in the west coast, a forest type with small tree height (S1) or with large DBH (S2) in the south coast, and a forest type with small growing stock density (E1) or with small tree height and low DBH (E2) in the east coast. The coastal disaster prevention forests located in Gurye beach (Hwangchon-ri, Wonbuk-myeon, Taean-gun, Chungcheongnam-do) and in Gohsapo beach (Unsna-ri, Byeonsan-myeon, Buan-gun, Jeollabuk-do) were selected as the representative forests of W1 and W2, respectively. In addition, the coastal disaster prevention forests located in Namyang beach (Namyang-ri, Seolcheon-myeon, Namhae-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do) and in Donggo beach (Donggo-ri, Sinji-myeon, Wando-gun, Jeollanam-do) were selected as the representative forests of S1 and S2, respectively. Last, the coastal disaster prevention forests located in Bonggil beach (Bonggil-ri, Yangbuk-myeon, Gyeongju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do) and in Anmeok beach (Gyeonso-dong, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do) were selected as the representative forests of E1 and E2, respectively. Our finding is expected to be used as baseline data in establishing the most appropriate coastal disaster prevention forest for each coast.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.108 no.4
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• pp.592-599
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• 2019

This study aimed to develop an equation for estimating stem volume for Larix kaempferiin South Korea using independent variables, diameter at breast height (DBH), and height as being closely associated with stem volume. Analysis was conducted on the growth performance of 2,840 Larix kaempferi samples across South Korea after felling them and gleaning diameter data according to both stem height and stem analyses. In order to test the fitness of six different stem taper equations, empirical assessment was conducted for fitness index (FI), bias, mean, and absolute deviation (MAD), and coefficient variation (%CV). The two selectedmodels found to be optimal were the following: model one (V=a+bDBH²), established by employing DBH only; and model four (V=a+bDBH²H), established by utilizing DBH and height, respectively. The findings of non-linear regression indicated statistical significance (p < 0.05) in a and b, which were the coefficients for the intercepts and slopes of the models. The FI of the models ranged between 94% and 99%, and the bias was close to zero, while MAD ranged from 0.01 to 0.05, and %CV from 5.97 to 14.43, indicating a high level of fitness. Thus, using the suggested models, the basic information necessary for forest management was obtained, and an estimation of the stem volume was effected without delay soon after effecting DBH and height measurements.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.85 no.3
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• pp.539-551
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• 1996

In this study, a number of distance-dependent competition indices on tree-level which incorporate the tree sizes and distances to competitors, and traditional stand-level density measures were estimated from the data compiled with position-dependent survey in a Pinus densiflora stand. The performance of the estimated competition indices was examined by comparing the relationship with the diameter growth, and a dbh growth function, in which the competition index is considered as a one of influence factors, are developed. In the searching method of competing trees, the competition index estimated with $30^{\circ}$ competition interrupting angle showed the highest correlation with the annual dbh growth, while the expanding the competing zone distance had no significant effect on the performance of competition index in estimating annual dbh growth. The most of the examined stand-level competition indices, based on distance-dependent single-tree competition indices, were evaluated to describe similarly the stand competition status. As a result of partial correlation analysis in which the effect of age and site index are eliminated, Alemdag's mean competition index and relative spacing index were determined to have the highest correlation with dbh. The relative spacing index, which can be easily measured in field without measuring the position of individual trees, was considered to be a better suited one for estimating mean dbh of a stand. Among distance-dependent competition indices on tree-level, Hegyi's competition index showed the best performance in their correlation with annual dbh growth, if eliminated the effect of site index and dbh. This enabled to derive the following annual dbh growth function of individual trees which incorporate age, dominant height, dbh and Hegyi's competition index as influence factors : $$dbh^{\prime}=3.975362676{\cdot}age^{-1.099274613}{\cdot}ho^{0.199893990}{\cdot}dbh^{0.269430865}{\cdot}HgCI^{-0.353643587}$$ This function is coincided to the growth principle in which site index has a positive effect on the annual dbh growth, while high age or competition causes to reduce the annual dbh growth, and can be used as a function in single tree growth model.