• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.89-97
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• 1995

In order to study the successional trend and the heterogeneity of forest community, we investigated DBH frequency distribution of dominant tree species and the changes of several community indicies including ${\beta}-diversity\;({\beta}_t)$ along a belt transect in Mt. Yongam, Kwangnung Experimental Forest, which has been preserved for about 530 years. Quercus serrata, Carpinus laxiflora, and C. cordata were the three dominant species and their DBH frequency distribution showed a reverse J-shaped form, so these species seem to maintain by themselves. Dominancediversity curve had a lognormal distribution. d and H'for pooled quadrats were 0.13 and 1.09, respectively, but these indices within each quadiat varied with the range of 0.13 to 0.57 and 0.5 to 1.09, respectively. The value of ${\beta}_t$ along the belt transect ranged from 0.14 to 0.42. These results suggest that this forest community is in the stable climax stage but the components experience a heterogeneous microsuccession.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.95 no.5
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• pp.524-531
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• 2006

Neem tree (Azadirachta indica), native to the Indian sub-continent, has been known since the ancient time for its medicinal and insect repellent properties. In recent years, Neem has attracted global attention due to its potential as a source of natural drugs and also environment-friendly pesticides. In the households. The distribution and traditional practice on Neem can be important to the agriculturist, ethno-pharmaceutical developers and to the rural development practitioners in Bangladesh. An exploratory survey on the distribution and traditional practice on Neem tree in the rural homesteads of Chittagong coastal plain, Bangladesh, was conducted over a period of three months from September 2002 to November 2002. It was found that maximum, 64% households used seedling as planting material having 40% maximum sources Within the major tree species present in the homesteads, Neem accounted for 12% among the total individuals. It was found that the availability of Neem trees was found maximum, 31%, in the homesteads of medium sized households. Maximum, 42% individuals of Neem were found within the DBH of 10.1 to 20 cm; and 37% within the 3.1 to 6 m height classes. Neem trees were found to be used maximum, 88% for furniture. The findings of the study will be of immense importance for the rural development practitioners and ethno pharmacological developers in Bangladesh.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.357-366
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• 2015

This study was conducted to estimate carbon stocks of Quercus serrata with drawing volume of trees in each tree height and DBH applying the suitable stem taper equation and tree specific carbon emission factors, using collected growth data from all over the country. Information on distribution area, tree number per hectare, tree volume and volume stocks were obtained from the $5^{th}$ National Forest Inventory (2006~2010), and method provided in IPCC GPG was applied to estimate carbon storage and removals. Performance in predicting stem diameter at a specific point along a stem in Quercus serrata by applying Kozak's model,$d=a_1DBH^{a_2}a_3^{DBH}X^{b_1Z^2+b_2ln(Z+0.001)+b_3{\sqrt{Z}}+b_4e^Z+b_5({\frac{DBH}{H}})}$, which is well known equation in stem taper estimation, was evaluated with validations statistics, Fitness Index, Bias and Standard Error of Bias. Consequently, Kozak's model turned out to be suitable in all validations statistics. Stem volume tables of Quercus serrata were derived by applying Kozak's model and carbon stock tables in each tree height and DBH were developed with country-specific carbon emission factors ($WD=0.65t/m^3$, BEF=1.55, R=0.43) of Quercus serrata. As a result of carbon stock analysis by age class in Quercus serrata, carbon stocks of IV age class (11,358 ha, 36.5%) and V age class (10,432; 33.5%) which take up the largest area in distribution of age class were 957,000 tC and 1,312,000 tC. Total carbon stocks of Quercus serrata were 3,191,000 tC which is 3% compared with total percentage of broad-leaved forest and carbon sequestration per hectare(ha) was 3.8 tC/ha/yr, $13.9tCO_2/ha/yr$, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.98 no.5
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• pp.563-567
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• 2009

This study was conducted to clarify the characteristics of bird communities between before and after forest fire in tropical deciduous Dipterocarp forest of Mondulkiri protected forest of the northeastern Cambodia from January to April 2009. The DBH distribution of trees were different in each DBH class. Most of the trees (> 80%) were belong to < 30 cm DBH. After the forest fire, coverage of understory layers were dramatically decreased by the fire. Total 64 species of birds were recorded, and 64 and 46 species of birds were observed before and after the fire, respectively. Observed number of individuals of bee-eaters, treepies, kingfishers, lapwings, herons, junglefowl, peafowl, prinias and warblers were decreased after the fire. The decrease of those species would be related with the change of habitat condition, such as decrease of water amount and understory coverage. For the management and conservation of junglefowls, peafowls, prinias and warblers, understory vegetation should be maintained in Mondulkiri protected forest, northeastern Cambodia.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.84 no.4
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• pp.437-446
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• 1995

This study was carried out to estimate the Korean Pine stand structure such as coefficient of variation of mean DBH, number of trees and volume per ha by Weibull distribution for each age class from I to V, based on photo measurement and timber cursing in Kangwon National University Experimental Forests. The results were summarized as follows: 1) Coefficient of variation of mean DBH for each age class from I to V, which was obtained by converting DBH estimated from crown diameter by photo measurement into quadratic mean DBH, was estimated as 28.88%, 24.13%, 23.29%, 20.27%, and 18.79%, respectively. 2) Number of trees per ha of each age class by Weibull distribution was obtained as 2875, 2100, 1875, 800, and 325, respectively. 3) Volume per ha of each age class was estimated as $22.9m^3$, $66.8m^3$, $101.3m^3$, $209.6m^3$, and $266.8m^3$, respectively. 4) Therefore, aerial photographs will be helpful to estimate the stand structure effectively.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.163-168
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• 2005

This study was carried out to estimate above-ground biomass and inorganic nutrient distribution for a Camellia japonica stand located Mt. Cheon-gwan, Jeonnam province. Regression analysis of biomass for stem, current twig, branch and foliage versus diameter at breast height(DBH) was used to calculate regression equations of the form of logY = a + blogD(Y: component biomass, D: DBH). Total above-ground biomass for a Camellia japonica stand was 115.2 ton/ha(47.9 for main stem, 1.4 for current twig, 53.4 for live and dead branch, 5.6 for current foliage and 6.9 for ${\geq}1$-yr-old foliage). Component biomass was non-linearly correlated with DBH, and the difference in biomass between ${\geq}1$-yr-old and current foliage increased in proportion to DBH. Current foliage and live branch showed higher N, P and K concentrations compared to ${\geq}1$-yr-old foliage and dead branch, respectively. However, Ca concentration of current foliage and live branch was lower than that of ${\geq}1$-yr-old foliage and dead branch, respectively. Total above-ground inorganic nutrient contents(kg/ha) were distributed as follows; K: 366.4. N: 442.7, Ca: 433.3, Mg: 118.4, P: 50.5 and Na: 25.3. The proportions of inorganic nutrient content for live branch were generally the highest in all the inorganic nutrients.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.102 no.3
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• pp.355-364
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the population structure and dynamics of the Picea jezoensis stands which are located in Mt. Gyebangsan and surveyed from March to October 2012. Results showed that the diameter class distribution of P. jezoensis presented a reverse J-shaped distribution pattern with 32 trees less than 10 cm DBH, 20 trees in 10~30 cm DBH, and 11 trees more than 30 cm DBH. It showed seedlings and saplings of P. jezoensis seem to prefer areas with more sun light or with open upper layer. It was also observed that P. jezoensis preferes areas with organic soils and abundant water such as areas around stumps. Also, occurrences of P. jezoensis stands were analyzed through annual mean radial growth of the trees. And the results showed that the growth naturally or artificially occurred approximately on the years 1854, 1915, 1918, 1993 and 2002 years. Most of the gap-makers were classified as standing dead type with 23 individuals (45.1%).

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.177-191
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• 2015

The effect of environmental variables on the presence and abundance of tree species in a tropical lowland undisturbed limestone and non-limestone forest in Ben En National Park, Vietnam was investigated. The relationships between 13 environmental variables and 29 tree species with a DBH ${\geq}10cm$, as well as between six 6 physical variables with 26 species of seedling and sapling communities were assessed by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). Data concerning all tree species ${\geq}10cm$ DBH were collected from eighteen $400m^2$ sample plots, while the abundance of regeneration (all individuals ${\leq}5cm$ DBH) was counted in fifty $2{\times}20m$ strip-plots. The significance of species-environments correlations were tested by distribution-free Monte Carlo tests. The CCA of the 29 examined tree species and 13 environmental variables indicated that the presence and abundance of the tree species were closely related to topographic factors. We may confirm that soil properties including pH, soil moisture content, and soil textures, were the most crucial factor in tree species composition and their distribution. Several species including Pometia pinnata, Amesiodendron chinense, Gironniera cuspidate, Cinnamomum mairei, and Caryodaphnopsis tonkinensis were not controlled by soil properties and topographic variables. The CCA also indicated that the abundance of regeneration tree species at all sites had positive and significant correlations with soil depth, while the occurrence of several other tree species (such as Koilodepas longifolium and Aglaia dasyclada) was positively correlated with a higher slope and rocky outcrop.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.465-476
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• 2016

This study was conducted to elucidate the ecological characteristics of sub-alpine coniferous forest on Banyabong, Mt. Jiri. Soil pH was 4.20. The contents of organic matter, total N, available P and CEC were 14.15%, 0.43%, 10.1 ppm and $17.17cmol^+/kg$, respectively. Sub-alpine coniferous forest had a relatively soil moisture content with 22.9%. According to the results of importance value analysis, Picea jezoensis (42.7) and Abies koreana (34.0) for tree layer, Rhododendron schlippenbachii (25.5) for subtree layer and Tripterygium regelii (18.4) and Rhododendron mucronulatum (16.6) for shrub layer were high, respectively. Shannon's diversity ranged from 0.3560 to 1.050. Evenness and dominance ranged from 0.398 to 0.733 and 0.267 to 0.601, respectively. A. koreana population had a reverse J-shaped DBH distribution, while P. jezoensis population had a normal DBH distribution. Height growth according to DBH of A. koreana was higher than that of P. jezoensis, which indicate than A. koreana have more effective water use efficiency than P. jezoensis. Annual mean tree ring growth of P. jezoensis and A. koreana showed up 1.792, 1.652, 1.389 mm/yr and 2.081, 1.921, 1.576 mm/yr for small, middle and large diameter tree, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.105 no.3
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• pp.336-341
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• 2016

The object of this study was to classify the local types in relation to regional differences using Height-DBH growth of Pinus densiflora in Korea. The regional types were clustered according to Getis-Ord's $G_i$ among Local indicators of spatial association (LISA) by characteristics of spatial distribution which were calculated the residual of sample plots by fitting Height-DBH growth model using Weibull growth equation. Accordingly, Pinus densiflora were classified 3 groups, It indicated that annual precipitation had one of the biggest impacts among the considered site and climate factors. This results can become the standard for regional management of Pinus densiflora forests.