• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.540-549
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• 2021

The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is involved in breast cancer and Myxococcus fulvus KYC4048 is a myxobacterial strain that can produce a variety of bioactive secondary metabolites. Although a previous study revealed that KYC4048 metabolites exhibit anti-proliferative effects on breast cancer, the biochemical mechanism involved in their effects remains unclear. In the present study, KYC4048 metabolites were separated into polar and non-polar (ethyl acetate and n-hexane) fractions via liquid-liquid extraction. The effects of these polar and non-polar KYC4048 metabolites on the viability of breast cancer cells were then determined by MTT assay. Expression levels of Wnt/β-catenin pathway proteins were determined by Western blot analysis. Cell cycle and apoptosis were measured via fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). The results revealed that non-polar KYC4048 metabolites induced cell death of breast cancer cells and decreased expression levels of WNT2B, β-catenin, and Wnt target genes (c-Myc and cyclin D1). Moreover, the n-hexane fraction of non-polar KYC4048 metabolites was found most effective in inducing apoptosis, necrosis, and cell cycle arrest, leading us to conclude that it can induce apoptosis of breast cancer cells through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. These findings provide evidence that the n-hexane fraction of non-polar KYC4048 metabolites can be developed as a potential therapeutic agent for breast cancer via inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.182-187
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• 2011

A proteolytic lactic acid bacterium was isolated from Korean traditional fermented foods. The isolate BV-26, which had a protease activity (24 U/mg-crude protein), was identified as Lactobacillus plantarum by the API 50CHL kit and 16S rDNA analysis (99.9% of homology), and named as L. plantarum BV-26. Cell growth and protease activity of L. plantarum BV-26 was determined in MRS broth using 5L jar fermentor at $30^{\circ}C$. The maximum growth of L. plantarum BV-26 was reached at 18 hr in MRS broth, while protease activity of BV-26 was detectable at 12 hr and the highest activity was obtained after 16 hr cultivation. Therefore, we expect that the proteolytic lactic acid bacteria, L. plantarum BV-26, may be used as a starter for the fermentation of animal feed. Especially, the fermentation of soybean meal with the strain can be applied for improving feed utilization.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.64-77
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• 2013

In China, archaeological research on Xiongnu started later than in foreign countries. In the late $19^{th}$ century, several Russian archaeologists started to study Xiongnu's archaeological culture. However, since the late $20^{th}$ century, archaeological research of the Xiongnu in China quickly gained speed. The Xiongnu culture has been reported in Mongolia, northern steppe of China and eastern part of Eurasian steppe. Mainly, Xiongnu sites, dated from the late 2nd century B.C. to the 1st century A.D., are reported on the west side of Baikal Lake(Zabaikal), Mongolia and the Inner Mongolia of China. Based on the historical records and the archaeological remains, the North Xiongnu culture is defined to be the remains of Zabaikal, and the South Xiongnu culture the archaeological remains of Northern China. The expelled North Xiongnu, while fleeing to the western part of Eurasia, left traces of their own archaeological remains in southern Kazakhstan, Xinjiang of China, Altai, and finally appeared in the Europe as Huns. In order to adapt to the environment of northern steppe of China, Xiongnu used a nomadic economic system, giving uniqueness to its iron works. The most characteristic iron works of the Xiongnu is the highly-sophisticated iron weapons. Compared with the iron works of agricultural economic society, Xiongnu iron-works are short of production tools and various vessels. The "Nomadic type" iron works found in Xiongnu area date back to the Warring Country period or slightly later. Further research need to be conducted on "Nomadic type" Xiongnu iron works.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.188-197
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• 2019

Objectives: The objective of this study is to analyze and observe what kinds of changes in Patients who visited a Korean Medicine Hospital according to the Application of Chuna Therapy Health Insurance and Medical benefits. Methods: In this study we collected data of Patients who first visited the ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ Korean Medicine Hospital from March 8 to May 8. we collected data of 1074 Patients who first visited the Daejeon Jaseng Korean Medicine Hospital from March 8 to May 8. Based on the medical charts, Computer order, we analyze and observe statistical data of 1074 patients putting them into six groups. Outcuomes: 1.The increase in the rate of receiving chuna therapy was significant in Group A and Group B(${\rho}<0.05$). 2.The increase in the onset of the disease for more than one year was significant in Group C and Group D(${\rho}<0.05$). 3.The increase in the proportion with disease Corporal was significant in Group E and Group F(${\rho}<0.05$). Conclusions: According to according to the Application of Chuna Therapy Health Insurance and Medical benefits, the number of patients receiving Chuna Therapy increased, and people with old illnesses were more likely to receive Chuna Therapy.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.89-117
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to explore and better understand special education music teachers' perceptions of their music curriculum. For this purpose, we conducted a focus group interview with seven special education music teachers. During the interview, four major themes and 14 sub-themes were identified. The main themes were the following: (a) types of applied activities and the goals of music classes (e.g., activities to be applied in various ways depending on the characteristics of the disability and intended outcome), (b) difficulty in implementing the music curriculum (e.g., lack of fit between textbook and students' chronological ages, lack of time and focus, self-evaluation of performance as a music teacher, (c) therapeutic experiences during music classes (e.g., expectation for positive effects through music therapy, joy of witnessing changes in students, and sense of togetherness), and (d) obstacles to the therapeutic approach of music classes and need for support (e.g., lack of professional knowledge regarding therapeutic approaches and problems with administrators and school environment). Based on these results, problems in implementing the music therapy approach as part of the music curriculum in special education schools are discussed and practical solutions for educators are offered.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.417-420
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• 2020

In this study, to grasp the current status of cone insects occurrence on Korean fir (Abies koreana) in Mt. Halla, 117 cones damaged by cone insects in three areas in Mt. Halla were collected and placed in growth chamber until adults emerged from the cones from August to October on 2019. And species and numbers of adults emerged from the cones were identified. Also proportion of cones damaged by cone insects was examined at four study plots in Mt. Halla. As a result, total 233, 101, and 4 adults of Dioryctria abietella (Denis & Schiffermüller), Cydia kamijoi Oku, and Scathophaga stercoraria (L.) were identified from 117 collected cones, respectively. The average number of emerged adults per cone was 1.99 for D. abietella and 0.86 for C. kamijoi. And the average damage rate of cone insects in four study plots of Mt. Halla ranged from 49.7-80.1 percent, with differences between regions. Also, our results show that positive correlation between the damage rate per tree and the number of cones per tree, and between number of emerged cone insects and the size of cones were found. It suggests that the cone insects prefer host trees with lots of cones per tree and with larger size of cones.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.66 no.5
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• pp.582-590
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• 2023

Objective : Trauma is a leading causes of death and disability in all ages. The aim of this study was to describe the demography and characteristics of paediatric head trauma in our institution and examine the predictors of outcome and incidence of injury related mortality. Methods : We examined our institutional Trauma Registry over a 2 year period. Results : A total of 1100 trauma patients were seen over the study period. Of the 579 patients who had head injury 99 were in the paediatric age group. Of the paediatric head trauma patients 79 had documented Glasgow coma score (GCS), 38 (48.1%), 17 (21.5%) and 24 (30.4%) had mild, moderate and severe head injury respectively. The percentage mortality of head injury in the paediatric age group was 6.06% (6/99). There is an association between mortality and GCS (p=0.008), necessity for intensive care unit (ICU) admission (p=0.0001), associated burns (p=0.0001) and complications such as aspiration pneumonia (p=0.0001). The significant predictors of outcome are aspiration (p=0.004), the need for ICU admission (p=0.0001) and associated burns (p=0.005) using logistic binary regression. During the study period 46 children underwent surgical intervention with extradural haematoma 16 (34.8%), depressed skull fracture 14 (30.4%) and chronic subdural haematoma five (10.9%) being the commonest indication for surgeries. Conclusion : Paediatric head injury accounted for 9.0% (99/1100) of all trauma admissions. Majority of patients had mild or moderate injuries. Burns, aspiration pneumonitis and the need for ICU admission were important predictors of outcome in children with traumatic brain injury.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.203-210
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• 2023

Ferimzone Z is a fungicide for effectively controlling rice blast. Under light irradiation conditions, it undergoes a rapid conversion to its E-stereoisomer. Given the importance of isomers in risk assessments of residues in crops, an analytical method was developed for individual isomer quantification. A comparative analysis performed using two columns in HPLC-MS/MS demonstrated that the isomers were successfully separated using the Cadenza column. For the brown rice sample preparation, 5 g of the homogenized sample was saturated with 7 mL of water. The sample was then extracted with a 10 mL mixed solvent of acetonitrile and ethyl acetate (1:1, v/v) that contained 0.1% formic acid, and it was subsequently partitioned with magnesium sulfate and sodium chloride. The upper layer was purified using dSPE containing C₁₈ and PSA sorbents. The established method was subjected to method validation, and it showed recovery rates of 90.6-98.8% (RSD ≤ 3.9%) at concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, 2 mg/kg, with a soft matrix effect (%ME) ranging from -3.1% to +6.5%. This method can be employed in monitoring studies of brown rice to determine the conversion ratio from the Z isomers to the E isomers.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.173-183
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• 2011

Gabensis village is one of the biggest village In the Wampar Local Level Government area within the Huon Gulf District of Morobe Province with a population of around 3,000. The major staple food is banana which is well complemented by minor staples yam, cassava, Singapore/Chinese taro and sweet potato. Apart from gardening for own consumption, the villagers engage in selling of vegetables, garden staples, cocoa beans, coconuts, timber, chicken, fish and pig meat to supplement their livelihood. Livestock like pigs and chickens are also kept for meat and for commercial purpose. Bettlenut which was once one of the main cash crops has now been overtaken by cocoa due to a disease that had attacked almost the entire bettlenut tree population in the area. Even though the Wau-Bulolo highway cuts through the village and all have access to transport infrastructure, the majority of the population still encounter problems in communication due to poor telecommunication coverage. On average most people earn not more than K50 per week due to constrains in production and marketing among others. Gabensis village has the potential to develop a tourism industry given its natural attraction of Lake Wanam. Beside there is also the natural eel farming and the fish pond at the nearby Potsie village. These natural attractions pose huge tourism potential for the community. As part of government services delivery and development, education and health issues is very much important in the community however there is lack of infrastructural development and poor service delivery especially in the area of health. However, the responsibility is on the community to organize themselves to realize that potential. A well developed agro-ecotourism investments would have positive spillover effects to the community thus contributing towards improving the livelihoods of the many farming families.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.353-362
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• 2012

The purpose of this research was to find effects of high fat diet and endurance exercise on mitochondria biosynthesis and insulin resistance in male Wister rat. Th rats were randomly separated into 4 groups: A, Isocaloric high fat diet group (50% of calories from fat), B. Chow group, C. Isocaloric high fat diet with endurance exercise (treadmill running, slop 8%, 23 m/min, 120 min/day, 5 days per week), D. Chow group with endurance exercise. Both Isocaloric high fat diet group and chow group were given an equal caloric composition with 3.2kcal/g. equal amount of food were checked every day and given to both groups. 4 weeks of high fat diet did not show any change in body weight and amount of body fat. Further the level of glucose and insulin in blood, and insulin-stimuilated glucose transport rate in epitrochlearis muscle was not affected by Isocaloric high fat diet. However, the endurance exercise showed statistically significant change in the level of insulin in blood. Although either Isocaloric high fat diet or endurance exercise alone did not change on mitochondria biogenesis marker, Isocaloric high fat diet with endurance exercise could induce the increased level of marker (p<0.05). Also, plasma free fatty acids were increased in this group. From this investigation, Isocaloric high fat diet with moderate-intensity endurance exercise is effective way to induce mitochondrial biogenesis.