• 대한자원환경지질학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한자원환경지질학회 2007년도 춘계 지질과학기술 공동학술대회
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• pp.434-435
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• 2007

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• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제58권9호
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• pp.536-545
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• 2020

In preparing for the era of Korean reunification, it is essential to consider the integration of medical systems and human resources. While Korean dental practitioners are expanding their activities in various fields both domestically and internationally, there are many restrictions on the activities for improving the health of North Korean people due to political and historical reasons even nowadays. In addition, there is little is known about the current state of dental health in North Korea. We analyzed the reports published by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Ministry of Public Health of North Korea prepared individually or in cooperation, and investigated the current status of the health care strategy applied to the dental field by conducting a full investigation of the 2018 『Rodong』newspaper. Based on the above, we tried to grasp the major health care strategies in North Korea and their application. Understanding the direction and status of North Korea's health care system would be an important cornerstone for international cooperation and practical activities to improve oral health care of North Koreans in the future. And there is a need that studies should be steadily conducted in various methods to overcome the heterogeneity of the two Koreas in the long-term perspective.

• 방사선산업학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.481-487
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• 2023

After conducting a hydrogen bomb test and launching an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) in 2017, The Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea, D.P.R.K.) declared the completion of its national nuclear capabilities. Currently, North Korea is refusing all nuclear inspections, but the possibility of nuclear inspections and the denuclearization process on the Korean Peninsula still exists. The Republic of Korea (South Korea, Rep. of Korea) has numerous reasons as a neighboring country to participate in North Korea's nuclear inspections and denuclearization, including technological capabilities, geographical proximity, and linguistic benefits. This study assumes nuclear inspections and verification within North Korea and aims to propose scenarios for the transportation and operation of personnel and equipment. The data and results compiled through this research are anticipated to serve as foundational information for future inspections and verifications on the Korean Peninsula. Furthermore, it is assessed that they could contribute to the development of strategies in preparation for participation in denuclearization efforts.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.113-126
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• 2012

Northern corn leaf blight caused by Exserohilum turcicum Pass is considered the most important disease infecting corn (Zea mays L.) in the Peoples' Republic of Korea (North Korea). It contributes to the food shortage in North Korea. The objectives of the current research were to study resistance expression and responses of corn crosses made between ten hybrids from North Korea and inbreeding lines ($S_{3-4}$ stage) from the Republic of Korea (South Korea). The experiments were conducted in six trials with a total of 184 crosses including two commercial hybrids in each trial. The trials were conducted at two locations in North Korea (Mirim and Eunsan) and one location in South Korea (Gunwi) under natural infestation of E. turcicum. Host plant responses were rated on a scale of 1 (highly tolerant) to 9 (highly susceptible). A total of 111 crosses (62.4%) showed significant tolerant or susceptible response variations among three locations; 42 crosses (22.8%) at two locations and 69 crosses (39.0%) at one location, respectively. At least 8 crosses of high level of tolerance and 12 crosses of high level of susceptibility showed significantly different biotic responses (P = 0.05). The results of the current study and historical reviews of E. turcicum epidemics in both North and South Korea suggest that breeding of tolerance with quantitatively inherited genes should be carried out for a sustainable corn production in North Korea.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.455-466
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• 1999

Western missionary nurses practiced in Korea from 1891. and the first trial to begin missionary public health nursing service in 1909 could not put into practice for short of nursing staff and budget. The main focus of missionary medical practice was not in public health program but in the management of missionary hospitals. A few of missionary western R.N. tried district nursing in 1910s. but their activities were personal and focused on the rescue of poor and sick patients. In 1917 the North American Methodist Church dispatched R.N. Elizabeth S. Roberts to begin district nursing in Korea. Roberts began maternal and child district nursing service. Her service was focused on teaching the method of bringing up children. bathing service, and home visiting for delivery. She could not but stop district-nursing service in 1918 to serve for a hospital in Siberia. The North American Methodist Church dispatched a few of R.N. to Korea in early 1920s and the missionary public health nursing of Korea could be activated. R.N. E. T. Rosenberger began public health nursing program in Seoul with Korean graduate nurse, Shin-gwang Han, and missionary M.D. Hall. Their public health nursing program was focused on maternal and childcare. They did home visiting in the morning, and served at a well baby clinic in the afternoon. The first baby competition began in 1925. and contributed to the teaching the method of bringing up children. They expanded public health nursing activity to school health nursing and milk station. Their public health nursing program was such a success that In 1929 Severance hospital. Eastgate Hospital. Taehwa Social Evangelistic center organized Seoul Child Health Union. Maren P. Bording, another missionary R.N. and midwife dispatched by the North American Methodist Church began public health nursing program at Kongjoo in 1924. Her program was focused on the maternal and childcare and close to that of Seoul. She started the first milk station in Korea in 1926. As she was a midwife and could get M. D. license in Korea, her program was more focused on maternal care than that of Seoul. The first day nursery school in Korea and the first graduate course for public health nursing in Korea began at Kongjoo in 1930. As the city of Choongcheongnam Province moved from Kongjoo to Daejeon in 1932, missionary public health nursing service in Kongjoo extended to Daejeon. There were lots of public health nursing program in Korea in 1920s and 1930s by missionary western nurses and Korean nurses. There were 13 missionary public health-nursing center in Korea in 1932. But in the late 1930s. Japan extended colonial war and drove out western missionaries. The missionary service in Korea was daunted. and the missionary public health nursing service could not but shrink.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.229-236
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• 2019

Background: Emerging reports suggest the potential for adverse health effects from exposure to emissions from some additive manufacturing (AM) processes. There is a paucity of real-world data on emissions from AM machines in industrial workplaces and personal exposures among AM operators. Methods: Airborne particle and organic chemical emissions and personal exposures were characterized using real-time and time-integrated sampling techniques in four manufacturing facilities using industrial-scale material extrusion and material jetting AM processes. Results: Using a condensation nuclei counter, number-based particle emission rates (ERs) (number/min) from material extrusion AM machines ranged from $4.1{\times}10^{10}$ (Ultem filament) to $2.2{\times}10^{11}$ [acrylonitrile butadiene styrene and polycarbonate filaments). For these same machines, total volatile organic compound ERs (${\mu}g/min$) ranged from $1.9{\times}10^4$ (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene and polycarbonate) to $9.4{\times}10^4$ (Ultem). For the material jetting machines, the number-based particle ER was higher when the lid was open ($2.3{\times}10^{10}number/min$) than when the lid was closed ($1.5-5.5{\times}10^9number/min$); total volatile organic compound ERs were similar regardless of the lid position. Low levels of acetone, benzene, toluene, and m,p-xylene were common to both AM processes. Carbonyl compounds were detected; however, none were specifically attributed to the AM processes. Personal exposures to metals (aluminum and iron) and eight volatile organic compounds were all below National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)-recommended exposure levels. Conclusion: Industrial-scale AM machines using thermoplastics and resins released particles and organic vapors into workplace air. More research is needed to understand factors influencing real-world industrial-scale AM process emissions and exposures.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.81-89
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• 2008

Objectives: In this study, the pharmacological effects of the ethylacetate extract of Ostericum koreanum(North Kangwhal; NK) on allergic inflammation were investigated in activated human mast cells. Methods: North Kangwhal was extracted with 80% methanol for 24 h, and then fractionated with ethylacetate(NK-EtOAc extract). HMC-1 cells, an human mast line, were pre-incubated with different concentrations of NK-EtOAc extract for 30 min, and then stimulated with PMA(50 nM/ml) and A23187($1{\mu}M/ml$) at indicated times. The cell toxicity was determined by MTT assay. The concentrations of prostaglandin E2(PGE2) and cytokines(TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-8) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay. Results: NK-EtOAc extract($10{\sim}50{\mu}g/ml$) significantly inhibited the productions of $PGE_2$, TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-8 in PMA/A23187-stimulated HMC-1 cells without cell toxicity($0{\sim}50{\mu}g/ml$). NK-EtOAc extract also inhibited PMA/A23187-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 MAPK and the NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 subunit translocation into the nuclear of HMC-1 cells. Conclusions: This study suggests that NK-EtOAc extract may have an anti-inflammatory property through suppressing the production of inflammatory mediators in activated mast cells and its molecular mechanism underlies the blocking of NF-${\kappa}B$ pathway.

• 생태와환경
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.79-95
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• 2017

국내에서 의암호와 팔당호는 하수처리수($90.6{\times}10^4m^3\;d^{-1}$)를 통해 부영양화, 녹조현상 및 이취미의 수질문제를 빈번하게 겪고 있는 대표적인 수역이었으나, 이에 대한 생물학적 검정은 전무하였다. 본 연구는 2014년 9월, 2015년 3월 및 9월에 의암호와 팔당호에 유입되는 4개 하수처리수의 수질 비옥도를 파악하기 위해 조류성장잠재력을 테스트하였다. 시험조류는 현장에서 직접 분리 배양한 남조류 Anabaena circinalis를 이용하였다. 하수처리수에서 T-N과 T-P의 평균 농도는 각각 $3,956.7{\mu}g\;N\;L^{-1}$, $50.8{\mu}g\;PL^{-1}$ 이었고, 이 중에서 $NO_3$와 $PO_4$의 비율은 각각 72.1%, 40.8%를 차지하였다. 하수처리수에서 N과 P 농도가 동시에 높았으나, N이 더욱 풍부하여 P 제한성이 강하였다. AGP의 평균값은 $15.4mg\;dw\;L-1$로써 전체 하수처리수에서 부영양 또는 과영양 수준이었고, 특히 $PO_4$의 양에 의해 최대 조류성장잠재력이 결정되었다(r=0.998, p<0.01). 과거(2012년 이전)에 비해 P 농도가 매우 격감되었는데 그 이유는 최근 들어 하수를 총인처리하기 때문이었다. 그러나 여전히 하수처리수에서 P 농도가 높아서 상수원의 부영양화와 녹조현상을 야기하는 데 의심할 여지가 없었다. 따라서 P가 조류발생에 결정적 원인이라고 한다면, 상수원에 직접 방류되는 하수처리수를 P-free 수준까지 실행하는 정책과정이 필요한 것으로 본다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제84권1호
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• pp.10-21
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• 1995

본 연구(硏究)는 동북(東北)아시아에 인접(隣接)해 있는 한자문화권(漢字文化圈) 5개국(個國)(한국(韓國), 북한(北韓), 일본(日本), 중국(中國), 대만(臺灣))의 산림자원(山林資原)의 변화(變化)와 산림법(山林法)의 성립과정(成立過程) 및 특징(特徵)그리고 산림법(山林法)이 각국(各國)의 산림자원정책(山林資源政策)에 미친 영향(影響) 등 동북아(東北亞) 5개국(個國) 산림법(山林法)과 산림자원(山林資源)의 관계(關係)를 고찰(考察)하였다. 본 연구(硏究)의 대상국가인 동북(東北)아시아 5개국(個國)은 어떤 형태로든 20세기초(世紀初)를 전후(前後)하여 산림경영과 산림법(山林法) 도입제정(導入制定)에 일본의 영향을 받은 역사적 사실이 있다. 2차대전(次大戰) 종전이후(終戰以後) 신생국가(新生國家)로 독립이후(獨立以後) 90년대초(年代初)까지 국가발전순(國家發展順)으로 산림법(山林法)이 제정(制定)되어 현재는 5개국이 모두 산림법(山林法)을 보유(保有)하고 있으며, 5개국(個國) 모두 외국(外國)으로 부터 목재(木材)를 다량(多量) 수입(輸入)하는 목재수입국(木材輸入國)의 특징(特徵)도 함께 가지고 있다. 동일(同一)한 한자문화권(漢字文化圈)의 일원(一員)으로서 각국(各國)의 산림법(山林法)은 내용면(內容面)에서 동질성(同質性)을 많이 보유(保有)하고 있으며 각국(各國)의 사회경제체제(社會經濟體制)의 상이(相異)함에 따라 이질적(異質的)인 면(面)도 있지만, 각국(各國)의 황폐(荒廢)된 산림자원(山林資源)을 보호(保護)하고 증식(增殖)하는데는 크게 기여하고 있다. 이와 함께 우리나라는 현재 동북아(東北亞) 5개국중(個國中) 가장 빈약(貧弱)한 산림자원(山林資源)을 보유(保有)하고 있으나, 산림자원관리(山林資源管理)를 목적(目的)으로 하는 산림법(山林法)은 타(他) 국가(國家)에 비하여 산림관리외(山林管理外)의 임업전반에 걸쳐 포괄적(包括的)인 조항(條項)을 가장 많이 포함(包含)하고 있는 법체계(法體系)의 특징(特徵)도 가지고 있다. 따라서 아국(我國)의 빈약(貧弱)한 산림자원(山林資源)을 보다 효과적(效果的)으로 관리(管理)하고 지속가능(持續可能)한 산림경영(山林經營)을 도모하기 위하여는 산림법(山林法)의 분법화(分法化) 및 전문화(專門化) 등(等) 산림관련(山林關聯) 법체계(法體系)의 총체적(總體的) 정비(整備)를 도모하여 산림자원관리(山林資源管理)를 보다 체계적(體系的)으로 추진(推進)할 필요(必要)가 있다.