• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.15-25
• /
• 1992

In order to elucidate the properties of the background current whole cell patch clamp studies were performed in rabbit ventricular cells. Ramp pulses of ${\pm}80\;mV$ from holding potential of 40 mV(or 20 mV) at the speed of 0.8 V/sec were given every 30 sec(or 10 sec) and current-voltage diagrams(I-V curve) were obtained. For the activation of the background current isoprenaline, adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate(dBcAMP), guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate(cGMP), and $N^6$-2'-o-dibutyryladenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate(dBcAMP) were applied after all known current systems were blocked with 2mM Ba, 1 mM Cd ,5 mM Ni, 10 ${\mu}M$ diltiazem, 10 ${\mu}m$ ouabain, and 20 mM tetraethylammonium(TEA). The conductance of background current in control was $0.65{\pm}0.69$ nS at 0 mV, its I-V curves was almost linear and reversed near 50 mV. When there was no taurine in pipette solution, isoprenaline hardly activated the background current but when taurine existed in pipette solution, isoprenaline activated the larger background current. Cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP alone had little effect on the activation of the background current, while cGMP potentiated cGMP effect. When the background current was activated with cGMP and cAMP, isoprenaline could not further increased the background current. The background current activated by isoprenaline depended on extracellular $Cl^-$ concentration and its reversal potential was shifted according to chloride equilibrium potential. The change of extracellular $Na+$ concentration had little effect on reversal potential of the background current activated by isoprenaline.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한음성학회 2000년도 7월 학술대회지
• /
• pp.166-177
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study was to create letters for of nonliterary Pulang tribe in Thailand those who immigrant from China. illiterate Pulang tribe hand down their tradition by primary oral culture therefore their tradition can't initiate and keep, moreover, it may disappear throughout history. So it is expected to crusade against unlettered people. The scheme of research adopted in this study was a minority race who habitate at the northern Machan, Chiangrai in Thailand. It is not only analysis of language but also the eradication of literacy and the research based on linguistic, ethnolinguistic, and primary oral culture. Five Pulang people who live in that area were chosen for creating letters. By using the I. P. A., after each word was listen to their pronunciation one by one it was described and repeated this process several times; the material words and humanbody were pointed in front of them while other words were described by gesture. For final description, number of people were in the lineup for listening the sound of words and phrases to sentences. In the first stage, it was an analysis segmental of Pulang: vocoid, contoid and diphthong were described with each sample syllables and words. The suprasegmental were studied with intonation and juncture of the words in the second stage. Two words were compared and different meanings within their intonation and juncture were shown. At the end of this part, each case of phonemic or morphophonemics representation described the juncture in the words. In the third stage, minimal pairs were analyzed with vowels and consonants and described in free variation based on words. In the last stage, syllable structure in open syllable and closed syllable was studied and then each syllable of its structure was analyzed with samples. There were thirty-two phonemes in apong Pulang as follows: seven vocoids; a, i, e, o, u, ${\ae}$, and $\wedge$, one diphthong; wu, 24 contoids; b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, k, 1, m, n, ${\eta}, {\;}p^{h}$, p, p, r, s, s, sh, t, t, w, and y. Their pronunciations of p, s, d, $p^{h}$, j, and t are frequently used in speech and are unique in triphthong. Moreover, most of the words used initial and final consonant cluster.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제18권12호
• /
• pp.1665-1670
• /
• 2008

콩의 oil은 식량유지 자원으로서 매우 중요한 부분을 차지하고 있으며, 전세계 식용유의 22%를 콩 oil이 차지하고 있으며 식품에서 매우 중요한 영양학적인 요소이다. 이중 불포화지방산은 지방산 중에서 종자 구성물질들은 polygenetic 형질들로 되어있다. 본 시험은 큰올콩과${\times}$신팔달콩의 RIL 계통과 SSR marker를 이용하여 유전자지도를 작성하고, 이를 바탕으로 불포화지방산의 함량과 관련된 양적형질 유전자좌(QTLs)를 탐색하였다. Oleic acid 함량과 관련된 QTLs는 7개의 연관군에서 8개의 마커가 확인되었으며, linoleic acid는 5개의 연관군에서 7개의 마커가 확인되었다. 그리고 linolenic acid는 5개의 연관군에서 각각 하나씩의 마커가 확인되었다. 본 시험의 결과 불포화지방산에 공통적으로 나타난 QTL은 연관군 C1과 L이었다.

• 생약학회지
• /
• 제48권4호
• /
• pp.261-267
• /
• 2017

As part of the search for bioactive constituents of Korean medicinal plants, twelve steroids (1-12) were isolated from the rhizomes of Dioscorea nipponica. The isolated compounds were identified as diosgenin ($3{\beta}$, 25R)-spirost-5-en-3-ol (1), 25(R)-dracaenoside E (2), dioscin (3), gracillin (4), prosapogenin B (5), 25(R)-dracaenoside G (6), diosgenin 3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl($1{\rightarrow}3$)-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (7), ophipogonin C′ (8), 7-oxodioscin (9), protodioscin (10), hypoglaucin F (11), and protoneogracillin (12). Their structures were characterized by spectroscopic data and identified by comparing these data with those in the literatures. All the isolates (1-12) were evaluated for their neuroprotective effects through induction of nerve growth factor in C6 glioma cells and effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in murine microglia cell line BV-2. Compounds 7 and 12 were found to induce upregulation of NGF secretion without causing significant cell toxicity and compound 4 exhibited potent anti-neuroinflammatory activity.

• 천문학회보
• /
• 제36권2호
• /
• pp.141.1-141.1
• /
• 2011

New CCD BVR light curves of BD And are presented. Our light curves with nearly equal depths for both primary and secondary eclipses show well-defined photometric waves outside eclipse for all of BVR bandpasses. The orbital period is greatly revised as $0.^d92580519$ which is twice longer than that known previously. Sixteen timings from our observations and thirteen ones from the SuperWASP measurements were calculated. All available timings over 76 years, including ours, were analyzed to figure out the dynamical behavior of the system. It was found that the recent CCD O-C residuals varied in a cyclical way with a period of $9.^y18$ and a semi-amplitude of $0.^d0046$. The secondary period of $9.^y18$ is the most shortest one among those which have been ever found in the short period RS CVn binary stars. The periodic variation most likely arises from the light-travel time effect due to a low-mass ($m_3{\sim}0.88\;M_{\odot}$) tertiary companion moving in an orbit with an large eccentricity ($e_3$=0.70) and a low inclination ($i_3{\sim}28^{\circ}$). The Applegate mechanism could not operate properly in both components because the model parameters require too much large luminosity changes of ${\Delta}L/L_{p,s}$ > 10. The new light curves were synthesized using the 2003 version of Wilson-Divinney code. It was found useful to model two huge spots on the surface of the hotter star and a third-light in order to minimize the residuals from the observations. Astronomical basic parameters were deduced from our photometric solution.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제41권1호
• /
• pp.86-93
• /
• 1997

Even though both N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and 6-hydroxydopamine have been widely used to establish the experimental model for dopaminergic neuronal ce ll death. mechanisms underlying this phenomenon have not been firmly explored. To investigate how these dopaminergic neurotoxins induce neuronal cell death, murine dopaminergic neuronal cell line, MN9D cells were treated with various concentration of either 6-hydroxydopamine or active form of MPTP, N methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP$^+$). Treatment of cells with 5-100 uM 6-hydroxydopamine resulted in apoptotic cell death whereas cell death induced by 5~50 uM MPP$^+$ was not demonstrated typical apoptotic characteristics such as cell shrinkage, apoptotic body and nuclear condensation. Cell death induced by 6-hydroxydopamine was partially blocked in the presence of antioxidants including soluble form of vitamin E or desferrioxamine suggesting that generation of oxidative stress may be associated with 6-hydroxydopamine-induced cell death in MN9D cells. In contrast, MPP$^+$-induced cell death was not blocked by treatment with any of antioxidants tested. As previously demonstrated that MPP$^+$ caused metabolic alterations such as glucose metabolism, removal of glucose from the medium partially inhibited MPP$^+$-induced cell death suggesting excessive cycles of glycolysis may be associated with MPP$^+$-induced cell death. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that two types of dopaminergic neurotoxins recruit distinct neuronal cell death pathways.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제40회 동계학술대회 초록집
• /
• pp.431-431
• /
• 2011

Graphene, two dimensional sheet of sp2-hybridized carbon, has attracted an enormous amount of interest due to excellent electrical, chemical and mechanical properties for the application of transparent conducting films, clean energy devices, field-effect transistors, optoelectronic devices and chemical sensors. Especially, graphene is promising candidate to detect the gas molecules and biomolecules due to the large specific surface area and signal-to-noise ratios. Despite of importance to the disease diagnosis, there are a few reports to demonstrate the graphene- and rGO-FET for biological sensors and the sensing mechanism are not fully understood. Here we describe scalable and facile fabrication of rGO-FET with the capability of label-free, ultrasensitive electrical detection of a cancer biomarker, prostate specific antigen/${\alpha}1$-antichymotrypsin (PSA-ACT) complex, in which the ultrathin rGO sensing channel was simply formed by a uniform self-assembly of two-dimensional rGO nanosheets on aminated pattern generated by inkjet printing. Sensing characteristics of rGO-FET immunosensor showed the highly precise, reliable, and linear shift in the Dirac point with the analyte concentration of PSA-ACT complex and extremely low detection limit as low as 1 fg/ml. We further analyzed the charge doping mechanism, which is the change in the charge carrier in the rGO channel varying by the concentration of biomolecules. Amenability of solution-based scalable fabrication and extremely high performance may enable rGO-FET device as a versatile multiplexed diagnostic biosensor for disease biomarkers.

• Journal of Magnetics
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2003

The new class of $Gd_5(Si_xGe_{1-x})_4$ compounds undergoes a simultaneous magnetic/structural phase transition giving a high level of strain that can be induced either by change in temperature or by application of a magnetic field. Profound changes of structural, magnetic, and electronic changes occur in the $Gd_5(Si_xGe_{1-x})_4$ system lead to extreme behavior of the material such as the giant magnetocaloric effect, colossal magnetostriction, and giant magnetoresistance. These unique material characters can be utilized for various applications including magnetic solid refrigerants, sensors, and actuators.

• 한국잡초학회지
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.421-430
• /
• 1997

채취시기(採取時期)를 달리한 초록과 노란은행잎으로부터의 수용추출물(水溶抽出物)에 대한 벼, 피, 바랭이 및 상추의 제초활성검정(除草活性檢定)과 지방산(脂肪酸) 성분(成分)과 페놀성 물질(物質)을 분리(分離) 동정(同定)하여 얻어진 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 은행잎 수용(水溶) 추출물(抽出物)은 벼, 피, 바랭이, 상추의 발아(發芽)와 생육(生育)을 크게 억제(抑制)시켰으며, 특히 20% 수용추출액(水溶抽出液)인 경우는 억제효과(抑制效果)가 뛰어났다. 초록과 노란은행잎 수요 추출물간의 생리활성정도는 별 차이가 없었다. 2. 은행잎의 지방산(脂肪酸)을 검정(檢定)한 결과(結果), 지방산(脂肪酸)이 검정(檢定)되었으며, 그 중에서도 Linolenic acid, Palmitic acid가 많이 포함(包含)되어 있었다. 또한 계절에 따라 은행잎에 함유(含有)된 지방산(脂肪酸)의 함량(含量)이 다소 변화(變化)함을 알 수 있었다. 3. GLC로 phenolic acids를 동정(同定)한 결과(結果), 모든 fraction에서 Salicylic acid의 높은 비율(比率)을 관찰(觀察)할 수 있었으며, 또한 p-coumaric acid, phloroglucinol 등도 검정(檢定)되었다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.11-16
• /
• 1986

이화명충(二化螟蟲) 발육(發育)의 지역적(地域的)인 차이(差異)를 조사(調査)하기 위해 전국(全國) 8 개(個) 지역(地域)에서 1984년(年) 11월(月) 하순(下旬)부터 12월(月) 하순(下旬)까지 월동중(越冬中)인 이화명충(二化螟蟲) 유충(幼蟲)을 채집(採集) 하여 1985년(年) 1월(月) 15일(日), 2월(月) 15일(日) 2차(次)에 걸쳐 가온사육(加溫飼育)하였다. 1. 용화전기간은 2차(次) 가온사육(加溫館育)에서 춘성산(春城産)이 17.9일(日)로 가장 빠르고 광산산(光山産)이 27.7일(日)로 늦었으며 1, 2차(次) 모두 위도(緯度)가 높은 지역(地域)에서 발육기간(發育期間)이 빠르고 위도(緯度)와 평균(平均) 용화전기간 사이에는 부(負)의 상관관계(相關關係)가 있었다. 2. 평균(平均) 용기간은 지역간(地域間) 큰 차(差)는 없었으며 우화(羽化)까지의 기간(期間)은 용화전기간과 같은 경향(傾向)이었다. 우화(羽化)는 위도(緯度)가 높은 지역(地域)에서 빨리, 낮은 지역(地域) 에서 늦게 되었다. 3. 우화양상(羽化樣相)은 춘성(春城), 평택산(平澤産)은 뚜렷한 peak 가 있었으나 논산(論山), 이리(裡里), 광산산(光山産)은 뚜렷한 peak가 었이 불규칙(不規則)하게 우화(羽化)하였다.