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미국 네브라스카의 관개된 옥수수 농업생태계의 복사, 에너지 및 엔트로피의 교환 (Radiation, Energy, and Entropy Exchange in an Irrigated-Maize Agroecosystem in Nebraska, USA)

  • 양현영;요하나 마리아 인드라와티;앤드류 수커;이지혜;이경도;김준
    • 한국농림기상학회지
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    • 제22권1호
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    • pp.26-46
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    • 2020
  • 이 연구의 목표는 관개된 옥수수 밭에서의 복사, 에너지 및 엔트로피의 교환을 평가하고 문서화하는 것이다. 열역학적 관점에서, 우리는 이 농업생태계를 태양 복사로 인해 시스템 내부와 외부 사이에 큰 경도(gradient)가 부여되는 열린 열역학적 시스템으로 간주하였다. 따라서 시스템이 평형에서 멀어질 때, 열역학적 원칙에 따라 비평형 소산 과정(nonequilibrium dissipative process)인 이 생태-사회시스템이 모든 생물, 물리, 화학 및 인위적 구성 요소를 사용하여 태양으로부터 주어진 경도에 저항하여 이를 감소시키도록 움직인다고 가정하였다. 이 가설을 검증하기 위한 첫 단계로서 미국 네브라스카의 옥수수 밭에 위치한 AmeriFlux의 NE1 사이트에서 2003년부터 2014년까지 관측된 플럭스 및 미기상 자료를 사용하여 복사, 에너지 및 엔트로피의 교환을 정량화하였다. 12년 평균한 생장기간의 결과에 따르면, 시스템의 에너지 포획(순복사와 하향단파복사의 비, Rn/Rs↓)은 옥수수의 생장과 함께 증가하였고, 생장기간이 비생장기간보다 약 80% 높았다. 생장기간 동안 시스템 내의 엔트로피 생성(σ)은 평균 9.56 MJ m-2 K-1이었고, 주로 하향단파 복사에 의해 결정되었다. 엔트로피 수송(J)은 잠열플럭스, 순장파복사, 현열플럭스의 순으로 기여하였고, 시스템 외부 환경으로 퍼낸 양은 σ의 ~84%에 해당하는 -7.99 MJ m-2 K-1이었다. 따라서 매년 생장 기간동안 시스템 내에 순 축적된 엔트로피(dS/dt)는 1.57 MJ m-2 K-1이었다. 탄소 흡수 효율(CUE)은 1.25~1.62, 물 사용 효율(WUE)은 1.98~2.92 g C (kg H2O)-1이었고 모두 옥수수의 성장과 함께 증가하였다. 극심한 가뭄으로 관개가 더 빈번하게 행해진 2012년의 경우, σ와 J가 모두 평년보다 10% 많은 최대값을 보였고, 그 결과 서로 대부분 상쇄되어 dS/dt는 평년보다 조금 높은 수준에 머물렀다. 가뭄 중에도 빈번한 관개로 인해 엔트로피 수송의 주된 경로가 현열플럭스에서 잠열플럭스로 바뀌면서 생산량과 CUE는 평년 값을 웃돌았으나 물과 빛의 사용 효율은 오히려 낮아졌다. 이러한 결과에 근거하여 관개된 옥수수 생태-사회시스템의 지속가능성의 변화를 평가하기에는 아직 여러가지 문제가 남아있다. 자기-조직화 과정은 시스템과 주변 간의 경도를 효과적으로 감소시키는 역할을 한다. 따라서 엔트로피 자료와 함께, 지속가능성의 척도가 되는 자기-조직화 역량을 나타내는 스펙트랄 엔트로피, 또는 하부시스템의 구조 및 에너지·물질의 흐름의 강도와 방향의 변화를 가늠할 수 있는 역학적 과정망(dynamic process network) 분석 등의 추가 연구가 병행되어야 한다.

임상간호원에 대한 연구조사 (A Study and Survey on Clinical Nurses concerning the General Items, the Motives of Determining their Profession, the Attitudes toward their Profession and the Desire and Expectation to their Profession and Society)

  • 이귀향;우옥자;서문자
    • 대한간호학회지
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    • 제3권3호
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    • pp.78-96
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    • 1973
  • This study of 855 clinical nurses was conducted using a questionnaire that include tour different scales; the motives of determining their profession, the attitudes toward their profession, the general items, and desire and expectation to their profession and society. The data were analyzed by Chi-Square Test and Percentage. The results of this study included Hypothesis are as follows; The respondents were 855 (78.6%) among 1088 clinical nurses who were employed by General of Educational hospitals through the city of Seoul, Pusan, Taegu, Daejun, Kwangju, and Wonju. 1) a. In the Age Distribution, the majority of respondents were under the age of 30yrs(88.2%) and the minority were above 31yrs(11.2%), and the preponderance of the majority to minority(9:1) was noted. In compared with area, a group above 31yrs old in Seoul (6.9%) was lower than other area (16.3%). b. The types of Educational background were 16.3% in Voc.Tr. School, 66.5% in Diploma and 17.1% in Degree.146 clinical nurses were from the Degree course, and 142 (97.3%) CN among those of them were occupied around Seoul and 4(2.7%) around other area. c. In the Marital Status,71,5% were the unmarried and 28.5% were the married. And compared with the area was 20.4% in Seoul and 41.4% in other area. d. Most common Length of Clinical Experience after graduation was under tile 2yrs (55.4%), 3yrs(14.2%, and 4yrs (6.2%). In compared with area, Seoul (15.3%) was lower than other area (38.1%) above 5yrs of clinical experience, and the preponderance of tile other area to Seoul as 2.5: I was noted. 2) a. Hypothesis 1 was significant relation between the types of Educational Background of the CN and their motives for selection of Nursing, P-value was below 0.01. b. There was a significance on hypothesis 2 (P<0.01): that was relation between their motives for selection of clinical nursing field after their graduation and the area which they were employed. c. Hypothesis 4 was accepted as significant relation between the level of satisfaction of their clinical experience after their graduation and the types of educational back ground, P-value was below 0.01. d. There was a significance on hypothesis 5(P<0.01) that was relation between the CN's response about the orientation program and the area which they were employed. e. Hypothesis 6 was retained as significant relation between the area and inservice educational programme of their employed hospital was practising or not. P-value was 0.01. f. Hypothesis 7 was retained as significant relation between the area and the CN's response about the inservice educational programme of their employed. P-value was below 0.01. g. There was a significance on hypothesis 8 (P<0.0l) that was relation between the CN's experience on attending the professional meeting and the area. h. Hypothesis 10 was accepted as significant relation between the response about the present licence system and their educational background. p-value was below 0.01. i. There was a significance on hypothesis 11 (P fO.01) that was relation between the carrying out the regular and delivery vacation and the area. J. Hypothesis 12 was accepted as significant relation between the CN's consideration of the lack of leisure and their marital status. p-value was below 0.01' k. There was a significance on hypothesis 13 (P <0.01) that was relation between the CN's response about their salary and their marital status. l. Hypothesis 14 was significant relation between the most difficulties of CN during their working and the hospital which they were employed. p-value was below 0.01.

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홍수터 여과를 이용한 하천수의 질소와 유기물 제거에 미치는 근권의 효과 (Rhizosphere Enhances Removal of Organic Matter and Nitrogen from River Water in Floodplain Filtration)

  • 정병룡;정종배;김승현;이영득;조현종;백남주
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제36권1호
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    • pp.8-15
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    • 2003
  • 하천수를 홍수터에 살포하면 퇴적층을 통과하는 동안 미생물의 작용에 의해 유기물과 질소가 동시에 제거될 수 있는데, 이러한 미생물의 작용에 미치는 근권의 효과를 홍수터 모형을 이용하여 검정하였다. 홍수터 모형은 길이와 작용에 미치는 근권의 효과를 홍수터 모형을 이용하여 검정하였다. 홍수터 모형은 길이와 직경이 각각 135 및 30 cm인 PVC관에 낙동강에서 채취한 홍수터 퇴적물을 채우고 표면에 잡초가 자라는 모형과 자라지 않는 모형으로 구분하여 제작하였다. 하천수는 $68.0L\;m^{-2}\;d^{-1}$ 유속으로 실험기간 동안 표면에 연속적으로 살포하였으며, 모형 내에서 하천수의 흐름과 미생물 반응이 정상상태(Steady state)에 도달한 이후 4주 동안 모형의 여러 깊이에서 물 시료를 채취하여 $NO_3$, $NH_4$, 용존산소, 화학적산소요구량 및 산화환원전위를 측정하였다. 표면에 잡초가 자라는 모형에서는 30 cm 깊이의 표층에서 탈질 작용이 일어날 수 있는 환원상태가 발달하였으며, 30 cm 깊이의 표층에서 탈질 작용이 일어날 수 있는 환원상태가 발달하였으며, 30 cm 깊이에서 측정된 COD와 $NO_3-N$ 농도는 유입수 중의 18.2와 $9.8mg\;L^{-1}$에 비해 각각 5.2와 $0.9mg\;L^{-1}$으로 감소하였다. $NO_3$ 제거효과는 잡초가 자라는 모형에서 현저히 높았으며, 이러한 효과는 잡초에 의한 직접적인 흡수와 근권에서의 유기물 공급과 산소의 신속한 소모에 따른 활발한 탈질작용에 기인하고, 잡초가 없는 모형에서 $NO_3$의 제거가 충분히 일어나지 못한 것은 전자수용체인 유기물의 부족 때문인 것으로 판단되었다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 볼 때 슬러지 발생과 화학약품의 사용이 필요없는 홍수터 여과 기술은 부영양상태의 하천수를 친환경적으로 처리할 수 있는 방법이 될 수 있을 것이다.

일부(一部) 대학생(大學生) 신체발육(身體發育) 및 건강상태(健康狀態)에 관(關)한 조사(調査) (A Study on the Physical Growth and Health Status in University Students)

  • 권이혁;차철환
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • 제1권1호
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    • pp.67-78
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    • 1968
  • For the purpose of ascertaining the status of physical growth and health status of the University students, a intensive survey was conducted by the authors towards a total of 2,638(male; 2,228, female; 410) who passed the written entrance examination at the Seoul National University. The items included the measurements on physical growth, various physical indixes, visual acuity, tuberculosis and dental status. The findings and results can be summarized as follows: 1. Physical Growth No significant difference was found in the physical growth between classes(literature and science) and by ages. In males, the means of body height, body weight, chest-girth and sittingheight were $168.0{\pm}5.07cm,\;55.7{\pm}5.71kg,\;85.8{\pm}4.4cm\;and\;91.5{\pm}2.21cm$, respectively. In females, these were $157.4{\pm}4.57\;cm,\;00.4{\pm}5.75kg,\;80.3{\pm}4.51cm\;and\;86.1{\pm}3.30cm$, respectively. Basing on the above measurements several physical indixes were calculated as follows ; Relative body weight 33.15 in males and 32.02 in females. Relative chest-girth 51.07 and 51.01, relative sitting-height 54.46 and 54.70 $R\ddot{o}hrer$ index 1.00 and 1.02, Kaup index 1.97 and 2.04, Vervaeck index 83.63 and 83.03, and Pelidisi index 89.94 and 92.45. 2. Visual Acuity Among the students of science classes those of 0.8 and below in vision on left and right occupied 46.4% and 45.0%, those of 0.6 and below 39.1% and 41.2%, respectively. Among the students of literature classes those of 0.8 and below occupied 46.3% and 42.9%, and those of 0.6 and below occupied 41.4% and 39.0, respectively. In males those of 0.8 and below occupied 46.8% and 44.5% and 0.6 and below occupied 41.9% and 39.7%, while in females 0.8 and below occupied 43.9%, and 42.4%, and 0.6 and below occupied 38.3% and 37.3%, respectively. In males those of 0.8 and below in corrected vision occupied 12.1% and 10.3%, while in females 12.9% and 12.2%, respectively. More students of abnormal vision were found among science classes and the proportions of corrected vision were 38.9% and 37.4% in males, and 33.9% and 33.2% in females, respectively. 3. Tuberculosis Among the total, 55 students were diagnosed as tuberculosis, of whom 50 were minimal cases, 2 were moderately advanced cases and 3 were far advanced cases. 4. Dental Status Among the total, 81.2% were of decayed teeth, 20.8% filled, 9.5% missed, 5.0% extraction needed, 9.1% sunplatinum bridges, 3.3% golden bridges and 5.5% golden inlay. Regarding tartar on teeth moderate, heavy and light grades occupied 49.5%, 29.7% and 20.3%, respectively and 0.8% had none. 5. Comprehensive evaluation According to criteria 4 grades were applied to comprehensive evaluation as follows : A...excellent in physical status B...with some physical defects but no difficulties in study C...need treatment D...need treatiment and rest Out of the total, A grade occupied 21.6%, B 76.2% and C. and D 2.2.

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Ginkgo Biloba Extract가 마우스 피부 및 공장 소낭선의 방사선감수성에 미치는 영향 (The Effect of Ginkgo Biloba Extract on Radiosensitivity of Mouse Skin and Jejunal Crypt)

  • 신경환;하성환
    • Radiation Oncology Journal
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    • 제16권2호
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    • pp.107-114
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    • 1998
  • 목적 : 혈관수축이완작용 및 혈액점도저하의 약리작용을 가져 말초혈관의 혈류를 증가시키는 것으로 알려진 은행잎 추출물인 Ginkgo biloba extract(GBE) 투여후 방사선 조사시 마우스 종양에서 방사선 효과가 증강됨이 확인되었다. 즉 저산소세포 분획이 감소되었으며 따라서 암조직의 혈류증가가 간접적으로 증명되었다. 방사선효과 증강제인 경우 암조직에 대한 효과가 정상조직에 대한 효과보다 더 커야한다는 것은 필수적이다. 이에 저자들은 GBE 투여후 방사선조사시 마우스 정상조직 급성 반응의 증가여부 및 그 정도를 확인하기 위하여 본 실험을 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 방사선에 대한 급성 피부 반응의 측정 및 공장 재생 소낭선 측정을 위해서 C3H 마우스를 방사선 단독 조사군과 GBE 투여후 방사선조사군으로 나누었다. GBE는 방사선조사 24시간 전과 1시간 전에 각각 복강 내에 2회 주사하였다. 급성 피부 반응 측정 실험에서는 30-50Gy가 마우스 우측 하지에 조사되었고, 공장 재생 소낭선 측정 실험에서는 11-14Gy가 마우스 전신에 조사되었다. 결과 : 방사선에 의한 급성 피부반응 점수 2.0 이상에 해당하는 $RD_{50}$는 방사선 단독조사군에서 44.2Gy(40.6-48.2Gy)이었고, GBE 투여후 방사선 조사시에는 44.4Gy(41.6-47.4Gy)로서 GBE에 의한 영향이 없었다. 방사선 단독 조사군 및 GBE 투여후 방사선조사군의 각 방사선량에 따른 마우스 공장 재생 소낭선의 수는 차이를 보이지 않았다(p=0.57-0.94). 평균치사선량($D_0$)은 방사선 단독조사시 1.80Gy(1.57-2.09Gy), G8E 투여후 방사선조사를 병용시 1.88Gy(1.65-2.18Gy)로서 GBE에 의한 영향이 없었다. 결론 : C3H 마우스에서 방사선에 의한 급성 정상조직 손상은 GBE에 의하여 전혀 증가되지 않는 것으로 판단되며 이미 증명된 종양세포에 대한 치료효과의 증강과 더불어 방사선치료시 GBE를 병용함으로써 치료적 이득을 얻을 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.

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담도폐쇄증 -대한소아외과학회 회원 대상 전국 조사- (Biliary Atresia -A Survey by the Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons in 2011-)

  • 오정탁;김대연;김성철;김인구;김해영;김현영;남소현;박귀원;박우현;박진영;서정민;이남혁;이명덕;이석구;이성철;정상영;정성은;정재희;최금자;최순옥;최승훈;최윤미;한석주;홍정
    • Advances in pediatric surgery
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    • 제19권1호
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    • pp.1-13
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    • 2013
  • The Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons (KAPS) performed the second nationwide survey on biliary atresia in 2011. It was a follow-up study to the first survey, which was performed in 2001 for the retrospective analysis of biliary atresia between 1980 and 2000. In the second survey, the authors reviewed and analyzed the clinical data of patients who were treated for biliary atresia by the members of KAPS from 2001 to 2010. A total of 459 patients were registered. Among them, 435 patients primarily underwent the Kasai operation. The mean age of patients who underwent the Kasai operation was $66.2{\pm}28.7$ days, and 89.7% of those patients had type III biliary atresia. Only five patients (1.4%) had complications related to the Kasai operation. After the Kasai operation, 269 (61.8%) of the patients were re-admitted because of cholangitis (79.9%) and varices (20.4%). One hundred and fifty-nine (36.6%) of the patients who underwent the Kasai operation subsequently underwent liver transplantation. The most common cause of subsequent liver transplantation was persistent hyperbilirubinemia. The mean interval between the Kasai operation and liver transplantation was $1.1{\pm}1.3$ years. Overall the 10-year survival rate after the Kasai operation was 92.9% and the 10-year native liver survival rate was 59.8%. We had 23 patients for primary liver transplantation without the Kasai operation. The mean age patients who underwent primary liver transplantation was $8.6{\pm}2.9$ months. In summary, among the 458 Kasai-operation and liver-transplantation patients, 373 lived, 31 died, and 54 were unavailable for follow up. One-third of the patient who survived have had complications correlated with biliary atresia. In comparison with the first survey, this study showed a higher survival rate and a greater number of liver transplantation.

일부지역(一部地域) 노인(老人)들의 주체적(主體的) 건강수준(健康水準)에 영향을 미치는 IADL에 관한 연구(硏究) (A Study on the IADL Affecting Subjective Health Index of the Aged in Some Area)

  • 김근조;박흥기;권혁수;배수찬
    • 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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    • 제7권1호
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    • pp.29-50
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    • 2001
  • This research have been made to define how the IADL (Instrumental Activity of Daily Living) performance and the subjective health index of the Aged are affected by their residential circumstance, gender and age, and how deeply these two factors are related and interact. For the period of June 1 to July 31, 2000, we had conducted a questionnaire and direct interview with 693 persons over age sixty-five (65) in Daejon and in other adjacent area, grouping into three different residential types The Aged living at home, The Aged living at welfare facilities and The Aged living alone, and studied on how the IADL performance and the subjective health index of the Aged are influenced and interact as per their characteristics, daily activity and mentality. We had analyzed all the data obtained through this research by the method of : - analysis of frequency as per specific factors by SPSS 1O.0/PC+, - $x^2$ test, - t-test, - ANOVA, - multiple regression analysis by factors. The research concludes followings : a. It appears that the three (3) factors such as gender, age and residential circumstance of the Aged deeply affect the IADL performance and subjective health index of the Aged. (p<0.01) b. With regard to IADL performance of the Aged by the gender, it was analyzed that the female-Aged gains 23.8 point on average, which shows the performance of the female-Aged is less independent. (p<0.01). In addition, it was also found that the IADL performance is becoming less and less independent following their age increasing. In analyzing IADL performance by the residential type, it appears that the Aged living at welfare facilities gains the lowest 21.5 points and is least independent. It was also found that the Aged living at welfare facilities need some assistances from others for their performing IADL. (20-24 point) (p<0.001) c. With regard to the subjective health index of the all-Aged participated in this research, the analysis indicates 8.8 point and this is considered as a point of general standard (7-10 point). In analyzing this index by the gender, the female-Aged gains only 8.6 point which explains a lot of female-Aged consider they are not really healthy. (p<0.001) In analyzing this index by the residential type, the Aged living at welfare facilities and the Aged living alone gain the comparatively lower point, - respectively 8.4 point for the Aged living at welfare facilities and 8.8 point for the Aged living alone. The Aged living at these two residential types express they are obviously in a bad situation of health. (p<0.001) d. With regard to the factors affecting the IADL performance and the subjective health index of the Aged, it was analyzed that the IADL performance can largely be affected by the factors such as depression, frequency of going-out and age rising, and that the subject health index can also deeply be affected by depression, pain and by how much they are satisfied with their current living conditions. e. It was analyzed that the interacting between the IADL performance and the subjective health index is not that strong but even weak. As a result, we were able to conclude that the IADL performance is less independent in case of the female-Aged, the Aged living at welfare facilities, and following the age rising. As for the subjective health state the Aged themselves are aware of, we concluded that the female-Aged, the Aged living at welfare facilities and the Aged living alone, are more critical about their health. From this research, we were able to realize that, when the OMT (Orthopedic Manual Therapy) needed, the physical therapists are really required to have a correct and cautious understanding of the situation in which the aged persons are, and take care of them with more concerns and more improved treatment.

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Potential Antitumor $\alpha$-Methylene-$\gamma$-butyrolactone-Bearing Nucleic Acid Base. 3. Synthesis of $5^1$-Methyl-$5^1$-[(6-substituted-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl]-$2^1$-oxo-$3^1$-methylenetetrahydrofurans

  • Kim, Jack-C.;Kim, Si-Hwan;Kim, Ji-A;Choi, Soon-Kyu;Park, Won-Woo
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • 제21권4호
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    • pp.458-464
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    • 1998
  • Search for a new $\alpha$-methylene-$\gamma$-butyrolactone-bearing 6-substituted purine as a potental antitumor agent has led to synthesize seven, hitherto unreported, $5^1$-Methyl-$5^1$-[(6-substituted-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl]-$2^1$-oxo-$3^1$- methylenetetrahydrofurans (H, Cl, l, $CH_3$, $NH_2$, SH, >C=O) (6a-g). These include $5^1$-Methyl-$5^1$-[(9H-purin-9-yl)methyll-$2^1$-oxo-$3^1$ -methylenetetrahydrofurans (6a), $5^1$-Methyl-$5^1$-[(6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl]-$2^1$-oxo-$3^1$-methylenetetrahydr ofurans (6b), $5^1$-Methyl-$5^1$-[(6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl) methyl]-$2^1$-oxo-$3^1$-methylenetetrahydrofurans (6c), $5^1$-Methyl-$5^1$-[(6-methyl-9H-purin-9-yl) methyl]-$2^1$-oxo-$3^1$-methylenetetrahydrofurans (6d), $5^1$-Methyl-$5^1$-[(9H-adenin-9-yl)methyll-$2^1$-oxo-$3^1$-methylenetetrahydrofurans (6e), $5^1$-Methyl-$5^1$-[(6-mercapto-9H-purin-9-yl) methyl]-$2^1$-oxo-$3^1$-methylenetetrahydrofurans (6f) and $5^1$-Methyl-$5^1$-[(9H-hypoxanthin-9-yl)methyll-$2^1$-oxo-$3^1$-methylenetetrahydrof urans (6g) which were made by the Reformatsky-type reaction of ethyl $\alpha$-(bromomethyl) acrylate with the corresponding (6-substituted-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-propanone intermediates (5a-g). These ketone intermediates 5a-g, 1-(9H-purin-9-yl)-2-propanone (5a), 1-(6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-propanone (5b), 1-(6-iodo-9H-purin-9-yi)-2-propanone (5c), 1-(6-methyl-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-propanone (5d), 1-(9H-adenin-9-yl)-2-propanone (Se), 1-(6-mercapto-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-propanone (5f), and 1-(9H-hypoxanthin-9-yl)-2-propanone (5g) were directly obtained by the alkylation of the 6-substituted purine bases with the chloroacetone in the presence of $K_2$$CO_3$ (or NaH) under DMF (or DMSO). The preliminary in vitro cytotoxcity assay for the synthetic .alpha.-methylene-y-butyro-lactone compounds (6a-g) were determined against three cell lines (PM-3A, P-388, and K-562) and showed the moderate antitumor activity ($IC_50$ ranged from 1.4 to 4.3 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) with the compound $5^1$-methyl-$5^1$ -[(9H-hypoxanthin-9-yl)methyl]-$2^1$-oxo-$3^1$-methylenetetrahydrofuran (6g) showing the least antitumor activity.

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양동마을의 노거수 생육실태 분석 (An Analysis of Growth Conditions of old Trees in Yangdong Villages)

  • 김영훈;덩베이지아;유주한
    • 한국전통조경학회지
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    • 제38권2호
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    • pp.95-107
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    • 2020
  • 본 연구는 양동마을에 분포하는 노거수를 생육실태 및 분석하여 기초자료로 제공하기 위한 목적이 있다. 조사항목은 수목정보, 토양정보, 수목건강도에 대해 조사하였다. 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 양동마을 내 수목정보는 향나무, 왕버들, 능수버들, 팽나무, 느티나무, 주엽나무, 조각자나무로 총 7종 30주이며, 수고는 4.0~17.0m, 흉고직경은 0.51~1.34m로 17번 향나무가 가장 넓었다. 토양분석 결과로는 산도 pH4.1~6.3, 경도 5~48mm, 유기물함량 21.2~29.1g/kg, 전기전도도 0.34~1.76dS/m, 유효인산 79.8~451.6mg/kg, 치환성 칼륨 0.22~1.71cmol+/kg, 치환성 칼슘 4.98~7.44cmol+/kg, 치환성 마그네슘 0.67~2.19cmol+/kg, 치환성 나트륨 0.19~1.04cm ol+/kg, 양이온치환용량 7.23~13.02cmol+/kg으로 나타났다. 이에 따라 수목건강도의 건강수치 중 가장 높은 노거수는 팽나무 11주 중 8주, 느티나무 7주 중 2주, 조각자나무 3주로 전체 30주 중 13주이며, 감염과 부패 및 공동수치가 높은 노거수는 건강수치를 제외한 나머지 수목으로 나타났다. 상대적으로 대상 노거수의 절반이상이 감염·부패 및 공동부위로 차지하고 있는 실태로, 손상이 부위는 외과수술을 진행할 필요가 있다. 또한 감염부위가 건강부위로 전이가 되는 2·3차 피해가 발생하지 않도록 수세회복을 위한 뿌리영양공급 및 체내 양분조절을 통해 보존보호조치가 시행되어야 하며, 지속적인 수목 모니터링을 노거수 입지환경개선 및 관리방안이 모색되어야 할 것이다.

육묘 과정 중 포트에 충진된 팽연왕겨 혼합상토의 함수량 변화와 '설향' 딸기의 생장 반응 (Changes in Moisture Contents of Rice-hull Based Root Media and Growth Responses of 'Seolhyang' Strawberry during Vegetative Propagation)

  • 박갑순;김영칠;안승원;강희경;최종명
    • 원예과학기술지
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    • 제33권1호
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    • pp.47-54
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    • 2015
  • 팽연왕겨(ERH)가 혼합된 상토를 이용하여 '설향' 딸기를 육묘하면서 용기 내 수분보유 특성, 그리고 모주 및 자묘의 생장에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 용기용수량 상태의 수분 함량은 팽연왕겨가 20-23% 범위로 딸기전용상토 60-66%, 양질사토 30-35% 및 마사토 30-34%와 비교할 때 매우 낮았다. 수분 함량은 관수 8시간 후에 10-12%로 급격히 낮아졌으며 연결포트의 각 셀당 수분편차가 크게 나타났다. ERH와 코이어 더스트(CD), 사양토(SL), 펄라이트(PL) 그리고 마사토(SMM)의 4종류 물질을 혼합하여 조제한 모든 상토는 pH 6.7-7.1, EC $0.03-0.08dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ 범위로 측정되었고, 관수 20일과 40일 후에 뚜렷한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 자묘의 생육은 혼합상토 중 ERH + SL(55:45, v/v)에서 가장 우수하였다. ERH + CD 상토의 경우 CD의 혼합비율이 30% 이상일 때 생육이 저조한 경향을 보였고, ERH + PE는 혼합 상토 중 지상부와 근권부 생육이 가장 저조하였다. 팽연왕겨가 혼합된 상토에 정식한 모주의 생육은 정식 30일 후 ERH + PE와 ERH + CD 모두 PE + CD(50:50, v/v) 상토보다 저조하였다. 모주정식 90일 후의 생육은 ERH + CD 상토는 CD의 혼합 비율이 높을수록 생육이 우수하였지만 정식 30일 후와 유사한 경향을 보였고, PE + CD(50:50, v/v)보다 저조하였다. 본 연구결과는 팽연왕겨를 포함한 혼합상토 조성과 이를 이용한 육묘과정의 수분 관리에 관한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.