• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제44권4호
• /
• pp.391-398
• /
• 2002

본 연구는 제주마집단(GroupⅠ, 제주도 축산진흥원 사육, 137두; Group II, 농가사육, 30두)과 더러브렛 품종집단(한국마사회 육성마목장, 43두)을 이용하여 SSCP를 통한 Transferrin exon 13, 15, 16의 다형현상 확인과 각 SSCP 유전자형의 염기서열을 분석하기 위하여 수행하였다. 공시재료에서 SSCP에서 관찰된 band에 의한 분석결과 대립인자는 exon 13, 15 및 16에서 각각 2개(A,B), 3개(A,B,C) 및 3개(A,B,C)가 존재하는 것으로 확인되었다. Transferrin exon 13에서 제주마와 더러브렛 집단 모두 A인자가 매우 높게 분포하고 있음이 확인되었다. exon 15에서는 그룹간의 빈도차를 확인 할 수 있었다. exon 15에서 높게 출현되고 있는 유전자형은 GroupⅠ에서 AB (0.445)형, GroupⅡ에서 AA(0.367)형, 더러브렛 품종에서는 AA(0.767) 유전자형이 가장 높은 빈도로 출현되어 제주마 집단간 또는 품종간에 빈도의 차이를 관찰할 수 있었다. exon 16에서는 GroupⅠ은 A, B, C 인자, GroupⅡ에서는 A 및 B 2종류의 인자형이 확인되었고 더러브렛 품종에서는 A인자형만 검출되었다. exon 16에서도 그룹간에 유전인자의 빈도차를 확인 할 수 있었다. 또한 exon 13, 15 및 16의 조합으로 형성된 개체의 유전자형은 전체 13종류가 출현되었고 이 조합도 그룹간 차이를 확인 할 수 있었다. SSCP 유전자형에 따른 각 인자들에 대한 염기서열을 분석한 결과 exon 13과 16에서 각 1개의 새로운 SNP가 발견되었다. 본 연구결과 제주마 transferrin exon 13, 15, 16은 더러브렛 품종에서와 같이 높은 대립인자의 다형성을 보였으며, 각 Group 간 빈도차를 확인 할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제47권2호
• /
• pp.205-220
• /
• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the addition of glycine betaine to the diet on growth performance in pigs. A total of 400 pigs were divided into 4 feeding stages(Growing I: 23.10 $\pm$ 1.43, Growing II: 37.69$\pm$ 1.62, Finishing I: 66.51 $\pm$3.44 and Finishing II: 90.42$\pm$ 2.17 kg of initial body weight) then each feeding stage was divided into 4 treatment groups(Control: 0 0/0, Tl : 0.2 0/0, T2: 0.4% and T3 : 0.6 % of glycine betaine, respectively). The average daily gain and feed efficiency of T2 and T3 were significantly increased(p< 0.05) by dietary glycine betaine in stage I, 2 and 3. This result indicates that dietary glycine betaine could influence the pig growth performance. In feeding stage 4, the average daily gain and feed efficiency were significantly increased in 0.4% glycine betaine feeding group compared with other dietary groups(p < 0.05). Results suggest that feeding the pigs 0.4 % glycine betaine could be the most efficient dietary level. Crude protein, ether extract and crude ash digestibilities of 0.4% glycine betaine fed group were significantly increased compared with those of control group(p < 0.05). However, no significant difference was found in nutrient digestibilities among glycine betaine fed groups. Apparent faecal amino acid digestibilities of 0.4% glycine betaine fed group were more significantly higher than that of control group. The 0.4% glycine betaine fed group was significantly increased in apparent faecal amino acid digestibility compared with those of other glycine betaine fed group. No significant difference was shown in amount of microflora population between control and glycine betaine fed groups. Ammonia and hydrogen sulfide gas emission were significantly decreased in 0.4% glycine betaine feeding group compared with other dietary groups(p < 0.05).

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.118-125
• /
• 2013

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the span length on the fit of zirconia framework fabricated using CAD/CAM system. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Abutments for single, 4-unit and 6-unit fixed partial prostheses were fabricated. Ten zirconia frameworks were fabricated for each group. The marginal and internal gap were presented by means of replica technique and measured by measuring microscope ($AXIO^{(R)}$, Carl Zeiss, Rochester, NY) and software (I-$solution^{(R)}$, IMT i-solution Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada). The results were statistically analyzed by multivariate analysis test and Dunnett T3 test for post hoc test (${\alpha}$=.05). RESULTS. There were statistically significant differences at 2, 4, 7, 8 points (mesio-distal section) and b, d, e, f, g (labio-lingual section). In some marginal reference points of 6-unit group (P<.05), the marginal gap were larger than 120 ${\mu}m$. CONCLUSION. Span length of zirconia core may have an influence on marginal and internal fit. Within the limitation of this study, the increase of span length of zirconia framework of 6 or more-unit fixed partial denture may decrease the marginal and internal fit.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.43-51
• /
• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the quality of pumpkin paste added with different starches during storage at $4^{\circ}C$ for 8 days. Pumpkin paste was evaluated for pH, carotenoid, syneresis, color values, texture, and sensory characteristics. The properties of the pumpkin paste were studied on three different starches (CON: control, MCP: cow pea starch, MMB: mung bean starch, and MSP: sweet potato starch). The initial pH of the pumpkin paste with starches were 6.13~6.16. The pH of pumpkin paste increased as the starches added increased. The carotenoid content of CON was higher in the pumpkin paste processing. The change of syneresis significantly increased with the storage period, and the amount of change of MCP and MMB added with starch was smaller than CON without the added starch. The Hunter's L-values of the pumpkin paste increased, whereas the a- and b-value decreased as the amount of starches added increased. The results of the textural analysis showed that the hardness of MCP and MMB was different from that of other pumpkin paste, showing a lower value such as 38.26 g, 38.93 g, while CON and MSP was 40.43 g and 42.49 g, respectively. A sensory evaluation indicated that starches could enhance the overall texture characteristics of pumpkin paste. In terms of the overall acceptance of the pumpkin paste, the experimental group with MCP scored the best.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 1990

콜레스테릴 펜타노에이트의 결정은 사방정계에 속하며 a = 21.930(3), b = 21.404(3), c = 6.419(5) $\AA$이며 단위세포안에 4개의 분자가 있다. 1.0 $\sigma$ (I)보다 큰 강도를 가진 1,520개의 회절 반점에 대한 최종 R값은 0.086이다. 직접법에 의하여 구조를 풀었으며 C-H 결합길이와 메틸기는 길이를 고정시켜 이상적인 기하학적 구조에 맞춰 cascade diagonal least-squares refinement에 의하여 정밀화하였다. 테트라시클로 고리는 정상적인 구조를 하고 있으나 에스텔과 곁사슬 부분은 열적효과에 의하여 정상적인 길이와 각도의 값에서 변화를 보이고 있으며 에스텔의 끝부분이 굽어져 치켜들고 있다. 분자는 비결합성 van der waals힘에 의하여 서로 쌓여져 있고 가장 짧은 분자간 거리는 3.529 $\AA$이다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제20권12호
• /
• pp.4044-4052
• /
• 1996

Planar images of OH and $O_{2}$ with tunable KrF excimer laser which has a) 0.5 $cm^{-1}$ / linewidth, b) 0.5 nm tuning range, c) 150 mJ pulse energy, and d) 20 ns pulse width are obtained to determine spatial distributions of OH and $O_{2}$ in premixed $C_{3}$H$_{8}$ /O$_{2}$ flame. The technique is based on planar laser induced pre-dissociative fluorescence(PLIPF) in which collisional quenching is almost avoided because of the fast pre-dissociation. Dispersed LIPF spectra of OH and $O_{2}$ are also measured in a flame in order to confirm the excitation of single vibronic state of OH and $O_{2}$, OH and $O_{2}$ are excited on the P$_{2}$(8) line of the $A^{2}$.SIGMA.$^{+}$(v'= 3)-X$^{2}$.PI.(v'||'||'&'||'||'quot;= 0) band and R(17) line of the Schumann-Runge band B$^{3}$.SIGMA.$_{u}$ $^{[-10]}$ (v'= 0)- X$^{3}$.SIGMA.$_{g}$ $^{[-10]}$ (v'||'||'&'||'||'quot;= 6), respectively. Dispersed OH and $O_{2}$ spectra show an excellent agreement with simulated spectrum and previous works done by other group respectively. It is confirmed that OH widely distributed around flame front area than $O_{2}$.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제35권5호
• /
• pp.1516-1522
• /
• 2014

A series of 20 wt % $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ and 3 wt % $Al_2O_3$ surface treatments were applied to $Li[Li_{0.2}Mn_{0.54}Co_{0.13}Ni_{0.13}]O_2$ substrates. The $Li[Li_{0.2}Mn_{0.54}Co_{0.13}Ni_{0.13}]O_2$ substrates were synthesized using a co-precipitation method. Sample (a) was left pristine and variations of the 20 wt % $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ and 3 wt % $Al_2O_3$ were applied to samples (b), (c) and (d). XRD was used to verify the space group of the samples as R$\bar{3}$m. Additional morphology and particle size data were obtained using SEM imagery. The $Al_2O_3$ coating layers of sample (b) and (d) were confirmed by TEM images and EDS mapping of the SEM images. 2032-type coin cells were fabricated in a glove box in order to investigate their electrochemical properties. The cells were charged and discharged at room temperature ($25^{\circ}C$) between 2.0V and 4.8V during the first cycle. The cells were then charged and discharged between 2.0V and 4.6V in subsequent cycles. Sample (d) exhibited lower irreversible capacity loss (ICL) in the first charge-discharge cycle as compared to sample (c). Sample (d) also had a higher discharge capacity of ~250 mAh/g during the first and second charge-discharge cycles when compared with sample (c). The rate capability of the $Al_2O_3$-coated sample (b) and (d) was lower when compared with sample (a) and (c). Sample (d), coated with $Al_2O_3$ after the surface treatment with $(NH_4)_2SO_4$, showed an improvement in cycle performance as well as an enhancement of discharge capacity. The thermal stability of sample (d) was higher than that of the sample (c) as the result of DSC.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.524-529
• /
• 2014

Two methods of feed preference trials were compared to evaluate the acceptability of 5 fresh foliages: Leucaena leucocephala, Moringa oleifera, Portulaca oleracea, Guazuma ulmifolia, and Brosimum alicastrum that was included as control. The evaluation included chemical analyses and forage intake by rabbits. The first method was a cafeteria trial; 12 California growing rabbits aged 8 wk, allocated in individual cages, were offered the five forage plants at the same time inside the cage, while in the second trial 60 California growing rabbits aged 8 wk, allocated individually, were randomly distributed into 5 experimental groups (n = 12/group); for each group just one forage species was offered at a time. The testing period for each method lasted for 7 d, preceded by one week of adaptation. The results showed that B. alicastrum and L. lecocephala were the most preferred forages while on the contrary G. ulmifolia was the least preferred one by rabbits. The results also revealed that the CV% value for the 2nd method (16.32%), which the tested forages were presented separately to rabbits, was lower and methodologically more acceptable than such value for the $1^{st}$ method (34.28%), which all forages were presented together at the same time. It can be concluded that a range of tropical forages were consumed in acceptable quantities by rabbits, suggesting that diets based on such forages with a concentrate supplement could be used successfully for rabbit production. However, growth performance studies are still needed before recommendations could be made on appropriate ration formulations for commercial use.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.85-92
• /
• 2021

Objective: The objectives of this study were to determine the in situ degradation parameters and appropriate feeding level of pineapple cannery by-products (PCB) based on the growth performance and blood parameters of growing Hanwoo (Bos taurus coreanae) steers fed various levels of PCB. Methods: Two ruminally cannulated Holstein cows were used for in situ disappearance rate measurements. Nylon bags (5×10 cm, 45 ㎛ pore size) filled with 5 g of PCB in triplicate were inserted into the ventral sac of the two cannulated Holsteins cows and incubated for 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, and 48 h. A total of 16 castrated growing Hanwoo steers (12.5±0.5 months old, 302.9±25.7 kg of initial body weight [BW]) were used for the experiment. Animals were stratified by initial BW and then randomly assigned to one of four experimental diets (0%, 1.5%, 3.0%, or 6.0% of PCB, on the dry matter [DM] basis) fed for 91-d, including 30-d of adaptation. Results: Soluble fraction a of DM and crude protein (CP) was 61.9% and 86.0%, fraction b of DM and CP was 32.7% and 11.2%, and indigestible fraction c of DM and CP was 5.4% and 2.8%. The 6.0% PCB feeding group showed lower productivity compared to animals in the other treatments. Increasing the dietary level of PCB did not alter DM intake, but it was numerically lowest in the 6.0% feeding group. The gain to feed ratio was linearly decreased by increasing of PCB. The quadratic broken-line test estimated that 2.5% (DM basis) was the maximum feeding level of PCB in growing Hanwoo steers (y = 0.103 - 0.001×[1.245-x]2, R2 = 0.18). Conclusion: Diets containing up to 2.5% PCB can be fed to growing Hanwoo steers without adverse effects on growth performance.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제36권4호
• /
• pp.536-539
• /
• 1992

8원자-고리를 가지고 있는 Spiro Orthocarbonate(C$_{25}H_{20}O_4$)의 분자 및 결정구조를 X-선법으로 연구하였다. 이 결정은 단사정계이고 공간군은 C2/c이다. 단위세포 길이는 a = 15.319(4), b = 9.057(3), c = 13.168(3)${\AA}$이며, ${\beta}$값은 98.53(3)$^{\circ}$이고 Z = 4이다. 회절 반점들의 세기는 흑연 단색화 장치가 있는 자동 4축회절기로 얻었으며 Mo-K${\alpha}$ X-선(${\lambda}$ = 0.7107 ${\AA}$)을 사용하였다. 분자구조는 직접법으로 풀었으며 최소자승법으로 정밀화 하였고, 최종 신뢰도 R값은 1412개의 회전반점에 대하여 0.052였다. 분자는 C$_2$ 점군에 속하는 대칭성을 갖고 있다. 8원자-고리의 형태는 pseudo-C$_s$ symmetry를 갖는 의자형이다. 두 개의 나프탈렌 고리들은 서로 거의 직각을 이루며 고리내의 C-C 결합길이는 1.352∼1.444${\AA}$범위에 있고 내부결합 각도는 117.2∼123.1$^{\circ}$범위에 있다. 8원자-고리의 영향으로 C(1)-C(9), C(8)-C(9) 그리고 C(9)-C(10)이 다른 C-C 결합길이 보다 약간 길다.