• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2000.07a
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• pp.166-177
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to create letters for of nonliterary Pulang tribe in Thailand those who immigrant from China. illiterate Pulang tribe hand down their tradition by primary oral culture therefore their tradition can't initiate and keep, moreover, it may disappear throughout history. So it is expected to crusade against unlettered people. The scheme of research adopted in this study was a minority race who habitate at the northern Machan, Chiangrai in Thailand. It is not only analysis of language but also the eradication of literacy and the research based on linguistic, ethnolinguistic, and primary oral culture. Five Pulang people who live in that area were chosen for creating letters. By using the I. P. A., after each word was listen to their pronunciation one by one it was described and repeated this process several times; the material words and humanbody were pointed in front of them while other words were described by gesture. For final description, number of people were in the lineup for listening the sound of words and phrases to sentences. In the first stage, it was an analysis segmental of Pulang: vocoid, contoid and diphthong were described with each sample syllables and words. The suprasegmental were studied with intonation and juncture of the words in the second stage. Two words were compared and different meanings within their intonation and juncture were shown. At the end of this part, each case of phonemic or morphophonemics representation described the juncture in the words. In the third stage, minimal pairs were analyzed with vowels and consonants and described in free variation based on words. In the last stage, syllable structure in open syllable and closed syllable was studied and then each syllable of its structure was analyzed with samples. There were thirty-two phonemes in apong Pulang as follows: seven vocoids; a, i, e, o, u, ${\ae}$, and $\wedge$, one diphthong; wu, 24 contoids; b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, k, 1, m, n, ${\eta}, {\;}p^{h}$, p, p, r, s, s, sh, t, t, w, and y. Their pronunciations of p, s, d, $p^{h}$, j, and t are frequently used in speech and are unique in triphthong. Moreover, most of the words used initial and final consonant cluster.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.2D
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• pp.251-258
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• 2006

This study is to develop an estimation method of freeway design capacity through the analysis of time headway distribution in continuum flow. Traffic flow-speed diagram and time headway distribution plotted from individual vehicle data shows: a) a road capacity is not deterministic but stochastic, b) time headway distribution for each vehicle speed group follows pearson type V distribution. The freeway design capacity estimation model is developed by determining a minimum time headway for capacity with stochastic method. The estimated capacity values for each design speed are lower when design speed ${\leq}80km/h$, and higher when design speed ${\geq}106km/h$ in comparison with HCM(2000)'s values. In addition, The distinguish difference is that this model leads flexible application in planning level by defining the capacity as stochastic distribution. In detail, this model could prevent a disutility to add a lane for only one excess demand in a road planning level.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.73-78
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• 2002

The experiment was carried out to investigate the optimal air velocity for improving the ventilation efficiency of duct ventilation system used in Korean swine building. The results are followed ; In 2.2 m height of duct, the air velocity of hole was 5.0 m/s as the over level of recommendation. In different hole interval, the air velocity was various of 4.6${\sim}$11.6 m/s in narrow hole interval, 5.4${\sim}$10.9 m/s in broad hole interval. But the air velocity was 6.6${\sim}$7.7 m/s in duct system pierced hole with equal interval, and it was equal velocity in different parts of duct in this hole interval.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.24-28
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• 2014

With ever rising concerns about saving of fossil fuel resource, there have been an increasing demand for use of energy more efficiently. The electric motor driven inverters can be a great help to improve energy efficiency. They are also used to control the motor speed to the actual need. Therefore the use of them can lead to reduce energy consumption. In particular, the medium voltage(MV) drive systems used for pumps, fans, steel rolling mills and tractions have widespread applications in the industry. They cover power ratings from 0.4MW to 40MW at the MV level of 2.3kV to 13.8kV. The majority of the installed MV drive systems however, are in the 1MW to 4MW range with voltage rating from 3.3kV to 6.6kV. But they are required to reduce size and weight like other power electronic equipments. In this paper, we studied on the 3.3kV(105A) compact rack type inverter system for improving the cooling efficiency. At first, we confirmed the tendency of temperature with computational simulation using ANSYS ICEPAK and actual experimental tests. And then we researched thermal performance improvement designs in order to reduce temperature of the transformer for the safe operation. It can reduce temperature of transformer that using pipe type flow guide in the system. As a result, we found out more efficient solution by thermal-fluid analysis.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2000.07b
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• pp.626-628
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• 2000

This paper treats the dynamic analysis and test results of Linear Induction Motor. The dynamic analysis is performed by the d,q axis equivalent-circuit model. Equivalent-circut parameters are obtained with no-load, lock test and field analysis. As a results, simulation results are compared with that of dynamic test.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.507-512
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• 2018

Three natural Pinus thunbergii stands in southern Korea were studied to investigate stem density, biomass expansion factors, allometric equations and stand biomass. Stand ages of stand 1, 2 and 3 were 15, 29 and 45 years old, respectively. Three $10m{\times}10m$ plots were set up, five sample trees were cut and roots of three sample trees were excavated for dimension analysis in each stand. Stem density of stand 1, 2 and 3 were $0.450g/cm^3$, $0.440/cm^3$ and $0.457g/cm^3$, respectively, and there was no significant difference among the three stands. Biomass expansion factors of above-ground and total tree decreased with increasing stand age. Above-ground biomass expansion factor of stand 1 was significantly higher than those of stand 2 and 3, and total tree biomass expansion factor of stand 1 was significantly higher than that of stand 3. Allometric equations were developed for the 15 sample trees of the three stands based on D or $D^2H$. Above-ground biomass of stand 1, 2 and 3 were 50.72t/ha, 89.92t/ha, 194.07t/ha, respectively, and total tree biomass of stand 1, 2 and 3 were 61.62t/ha, 113.12t/ha, 248.36t/ha, respetively.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 2005

The round bale wrappers are generally used for rice straw after the harvesting of low land rice by combine harvester. In this situation, the bale wrappers should be well adapted under the travelling over raised borders and temporary ditches in soft soil of narrow rice fields. The study was conducted to improve the performance of bale wrapper through the new design for compact size, lowered gravity center and lowered power consumption. The prototype of round bale wrapper had been designed and assembled to tractor with three point hitch mounted. The machine type is one roll driving system with one roll for rotating and one roll for wrapping. The driving torque and work performance of the machines were measured and analysed. The torque requirement of the prototype and conventional type was 6kgf-m and 12kgf-m, respectively. The prototype shaved less friction resistance between bale driving roll and round bale. and the power requirement can also be reduced from 12kgf-m in the conventional to 6kgf-m in the prototype. The work efficiency of the new bale wrapper was $45\%$ higher than the conventional wrapper, and the working cost of the prototype can be reduced $17\%$ than that of the conventional.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.593-597
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• 2005

FIB equipment can perform sputtering and chemical vapor deposition simultaneously. It is very advantageously used to fabricate a micro structure part having 3D shape because the minimum beam size of ${\phi}$ 10nm and smaller is available. Currently FIB is not being applied in the fabrication of this micro part because of some problems to redeposition and charging effect of the substrate causing reduction of accuracy with regards to shape and productivity. Furthermore, the prediction of the material removal rate information should be required but it has been insufficient for micro part fabrication. The paper have the targets that are FIB-CVD characteristic analysis and minimum line pattern resolution achievement fur 3D micro fabrication. We make conclusions with the analysis of the results of the experiment according to beam current, pattern size and scanning parameters. CVD of 8 pico ampere shows superior CVD yield but CVD of 1318 pico ampere shows the pattern sputtered. And dwell time is dominant parameter relating to CVD yield.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.73-80
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze perceptual and spectral/cepstral measurements in patients with adductor spasmodic dysphonia(ADSD). Sixty participants with gender and age matched individuals(30 ADSD and 30 controls) were recorded in reading a sentence and sustained the vowel /a/. Acoustic data were analyzed acoustically by measuring CPP, L/H ratio, mean CPP F0 and CSID, and auditory-perceptual ratings were measured using GRBAS. The main results can be summarized as below: (a) the CSID for the connected speech was significantly higher than for the sustained vowel (b) the G, R and S for the connected speech were significantly higher than for the sustained vowel (c) Spectral/cepstral parameters were significantly correlated with the perceptual parameters, and (d) the ROC analysis showed that the threshold of 13.491 for the CSID achieved a good classification for ADSD, with 86.7% sensitivity and 96.7% specificity. Spectral and cepstral analysis for the connected speech is especially meaningful on cases where perceptual analysis and clinical evaluation alone are insufficient.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1996.05b
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• pp.429-434
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• 1996

K-REM［1］, which is under development as a realistic evaluation model of large break LOCA, is applied to the analysis of cold leg guillotine break of Ulchin 3&4. Fuel parameters on which statistical analysis of their effects on the peak cladding temperature (PCT) are made and system parameters on which the concept of limiting value approach (LVA) are applied, are determined from the single parameter sensitivity study. 3 parameters of fuel gap conductance, fuel thermal conductivity and power peaking factor are selected as fuel related ones and 4 parameters of axial power shape, reactor power, decay heat and the gas pressure of safety injection tank (SIT) are selected as plant system related ones. Response surface of PCT is generated from the plant calculation results and on which Monte Carlo sampling is made to get plant application uncertainty which is statistically combined with code uncertainty to produce the 95th percentile PCT. From the break spectrum analysis, blowdown PCT of 1350.23 K and reflood PCT of 1195.56 K are obtained for break discharge coefficients of 0.8 and 0.5, respectively.