• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.137-143
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• 1993

The tetranuclear heterometallic complex CpMo$Os_3(CO)_{10}({\mu]-H)2[{\mu}3-{\eta}^2-C(O)CH_2Tol]\;(1,\;Cp={\eta}^5-C_5H_5,\;Tol=p-C_6H_4Me)$ has been examined by variable-temperature $^{13}$C-NMR spectroscopy and by a full three-dimensional X-ray structual analysis. Complex 1 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pna2$_1$ with a = 12.960(1) ${\AA}$, b = 11.255(l) ${\AA}$, c = 38.569(10)${\AA}$, V = 5626(2) ${\AA}^3$ and ${\rho}$(calcd) = 2.71 gcm$^{-3}$ for Z = 8 and molecular weight 1146.9. Diffraction data were collectedon a CAD4 diffractometer, and the structure was refined to $R_F$ = 9.7% and $R_{W^F}$ = 9.9% for 2530 data (MoK${\alpha}$ radiation). There are two essentially equivalent molecules in the crystallographic asymmetric unit. The tetranuclear molecule contains a triangulated rhomboidal arrangement of metal atoms with Os(2) and Mo at the two bridgehead positions. The metal framework is planar; the dihedral angle between Os(l)-Os(2)-Mo and Os(3)-Os(2)-Mo planes is 180$^{\circ}$. A triply bridging (${\mu}_3,\;{\eta}^2$) acyl ligand lies above the Os(l)-Os(2)-Mo plane; the oxygen atom spans the two bridgehead positions, while the carbon atom spans one bridgehead position and an acute apical position. The molecular architecture is completed by an ${\eta}^5$-cyclopentadienyl ligand and a semi-triply bridging carbonyl ligand on the molybdenum atom, and nine terminal carbonyl ligands-four on Os(3), three on Os(l), and two on Os(2). The two hydride ligands are inferred to occupy the Os(l)-Os(2) and Mo-Os(3) edges from structural and NMR data.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.1556-1565
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• 2022

Objective: Tan lambs (n = 36, 3 mo old, 19.1±0.53 kg) were used to assess effects of dietary guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) and rumen-protected methionine (RPM) on growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, and serum parameters. Methods: Lambs were randomly assigned to three treatment groups, with 6 pens per group and 2 lambs per pen. Dietary treatments were: basal diet alone (I); basal diet supplemented with 0.08% GAA+0.06% RPM (II); and basal diet supplemented with 0.08% GAA+0.08% RPM (III). Diets were provided three times a day for 90 d. Intake per pen was recorded daily and individual lamb body weight (BW) was measured monthly. Carcass traits were measured after slaughter and meat quality at the end of the experiment, blood samples were taken on a subgroup of lambs for analysis of indicators mostly related to protein metabolism. Results: Final BW and average daily gain for the first and second month, and for the entire experiment were greater in Treatment II compared to Treatment I (p<0.05), whereas feed to gain ratio was lower (p<0.05). Treatment II had the optimal dressing percentage and net meat weight proportion, as well as crude protein and intramuscular fat concentrations in muscles. Treatment II improved meat quality, as indicated by the greater water holding capacity, pH after 45 min and 48 h, and lower shear force and cooking loss. Dietary supplementation of GAA and RPM also increased the meat color a^* and b^* values at 24 h. Finally, Treatment II increased total protein, and serum concentrations of albumin and creatinine, but decreased serum urea nitrogen concentrations, indicating improved protein efficiency. Conclusion: In this study, 0.08% GAA+0.06% RPM supplementation improved growth performance and meat quality of Tan lambs.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.24-29
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• 2006

This study was carried out to promote aspects of preservation and convenience of red pepper paste (r.p.p.). Sample was prepared with spray drying (s.d), vacuum drying (v.d) and freeze drying (f.d) methods. The prepared powdered samples were stored for 90 days at $35^{\circ}C$ in seal condition. After powdered samples were hydrated, the samples were used for analysis such as a sensory test, texture, color and changes of component According to sensory test, quality of dried red pepper paste were better in order to f.d.r.p.p. < s.d.r.p.p. < v.d.r.p.p. Changes of pH, reducing sugar, amino nitrogen and NaCl of dried r.p.p. were not observed compared to control but viscosity decreased by about $15\%$ During the storage, acidity decreased by about $15\%$ and reducing sugar, amino nitrogen and ethanol decreased slightly. Hunter L, a and b values decreased from 24.8-27.3 to 23.6-24.4, from 10.8-12.0 to 8.3-9.3 and from 7.1-7.9 to 4.4-5.5, respectively.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.5 no.8
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• pp.1960-1971
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• 1998

The researches and developments to provide multimedia communication services such as Video on Demand(VoDJ), real time video phonc and multipoint vidco conferencing on broadband ISDN environmcnts have been proceeded with activity. Specifications for Vol) services which is worked by Digital Audio-Visual Council(DAVIC) to support detail technologies including total service system that is consist of VoD server. delive[\! networl, and Set-Top Box(STB) had been already finished and ITU-T SG16 also recommended the standards of H.300 series terminal aspects for conversational multimedia services, But the architectures of multimedia tenninals recommended and specified by these organizations do not have an efficient st11lcture to provide all of retrieval, distrihution and conversational service due to a different point of view about multimedia terminals and services. In this paper, we analyzed the recornmendatio!E and the specifications of intemational public and private organizations like lTU-T, DAVIC and ATM forum. As a result of these analysis. we propose an efficient terminal architecture, and then we have designed, lmplemented the multimedia communication terminal for offering VoI) and real- time conversation ,,, functional module test according to the individual commumication service session and confirined the validiry or terminal implemented to be used on broadband ISDK environments.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.289-296
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• 2014

Uniaxial tensile tests were conducted to accurately evaluate the in-plane mechanical properties of fiber metal laminates (FMLs). The FMLs in the current study are comprised of a layer of self-reinforced polypropylene (SRPP) sandwiched between two layers of aluminum alloy 5052-H34. The nonlinear tensile behavior of the FMLs under in-plane loading conditions was investigated using both numerical simulations and a theoretical analysis. The numerical simulation was based on finite element modeling using the ABAQUS/Explicit code and the theoretical constitutive model was based on the volume fraction approach using the rule of mixture and a modification of the classical lamination theory, which incorporates the elastic-plastic behavior of the aluminum alloy and the SRPP. The simulations and the model are used to predict the inplane mechanical properties such as stress-strain response and deformation behavior of the FMLs. In addition, a post-stretching process is used to reduce the thermal residual stresses before uniaxial tensile testing of the FMLs. Through comparison of both the numerical simulations and the theoretical analysis with the experimental results, it is concluded that the numerical simulation model and the theoretical approach can describe with sufficient accuracy the actual tensile stress-strain behavior of the FMLs.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.157-171
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• 2013

Purpose: This study aims to present a database for the development of a healthcare management program based on the survey and analysis of self reported psychosomatic symptoms among the current dental technology students. Methods: Subjects of our study are 480 dental technology major students enrolled in a third year college located Gyeonggi, Chungcheong, and Gangwon province. Using a random sampling, we conducted a self-report survey from August 30, 2011 to October 28, 2011 and 418 reports were collected as feedback and we put an analysis on them. Results: 1. The average physical self symptom was 20.49, which is higher than the average mental self symptom(18.54). Of the subcategories of psychosomatic self symptom, we observed multiple subjective symptoms as the highest one(37.77), and aggression as the lowest(13.77). 2. As to gender, both physical and mental self symptom were statistically significant with the scale score of(p<.001). The scale score of subcategories is as follows; multiple subjective symptoms(I, p<.001), eye and skin(B, p<.001), digestive(C, p<.001), impulsiveness(H, p<.001), lie scale(L, p<.001), mental instability(J, p<.001), depression(K, p<.001), aggression(F, p<.001), irregularity of life(G, p<.001), mouth and anal(D, p<.05), nervousness(E, p<.05). 3. As for obesity, statistical significance was shown with the scale scores of physical self symptom(p<.001), multiple subjective symptoms(I, p<.001), digestive(C, p<.001), aggression(F, p<.001), depression(K, p<.01), irregularity of life(G, p<.01), respiratory(A, p<.05), eye and skin(B, p<.05), impulsiveness(H, p<.05), mental instability(J, p<.05). The scale scores in the environmental quality and life satisfaction were shown as follows; depression(K, p<.001), lie scale(L, p<.01), and irregularity of life(G, p<.05). 4. We employed multiple regression analysis to take account of general factors affecting psychosomatic self symptoms, and drew that the explanatory power of the model was proved with the scales of physical self symptom(4.1%) and mental self-symptom(3.6%). Obesity was a factor that affects physical self symptom with the scale score of(p<.01), and environmental quality and life satisfaction(p<.01) and obesity(p<.05) affect mental self symptom. Conclusion: In this analysis we observed obesity of dental technology students can influence their psychosomatic self symptoms. In this sense, it would be reasonable to develop a healthcare management and education programs that help the students maintain a healthy weight and promote their health.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.109-114
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• 2018

Coxsackievirus Type B3 (CVB3) is an enterovirus that belongs to the Picornaviridae and causes various diseases such as myocarditis and hand-foot-mouth disease. However, an effective antiviral drug is still not developed. In this study, we looked for potential inhibitors of CVB3 replication by examining the survival of CVB3-infected HeLa cells. We detected an antiviral effect by cholic acid and identified it as a candidate inhibitor of CVB3 replication. Cholic acid circulates in the liver and intestines, and it helps the digestion and absorption of lipids in the small intestine. HeLa cells were cultured in 12-well plates and treated with cholic acid (1 and $10{\mu}g/ml$) and $10^6PFU/ml$ of CVB3. After 16 h post-infection, the cells were lysed and subjected to western blot analysis and RT-PCR. The production of the viral capsid protein VP1 was dramatically decreased, and translation initiation factor eIF4G1 cleavage was significantly inhibited by treatment with $10{\mu}g/ml$ cholic acid. Moreover, cholic acid inhibited ERK signaling in CVB3-infected HeLa cells. RT-PCR showed that the amounts of the CVB3 RNA genome and mRNA for the ER stress-related transcription factor ATF4 were significantly reduced. These results showed that cholic acid strongly reduced ER stress and CVB3 proliferation. This compound can be developed as a safe natural therapeutic agent for enterovirus infections.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.358-368
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• 1994

Major factors in reducing the stacking strength of corrugated fiberboard boxes in cold storage or transport conditions are high relative humidity, causing elevated moisture absorption by the boxes. The bottom boxes in a stack will deform to the critical deflection causing agricultural products damage there, and eventually additional deflection will cause box collapse and finally toppling of the stack. The study was conducted to determine the water absorption characteristics and the compressive strength of the corrugated fiberboard boxes being widely used in packaging agricultural products in Korea. The sample boxes for the study were selected from the regular slotted containers (RSC) types, and one was the box used in apple packaging (Box A), another one was the box used in pear packaging (Box B). The corrugated shipping containers were made from a large portion of recycled fibers in Korea, and comparing with Box B, Box A was fabricated from fiberboard which contained more percentage of old corrugated containers (OCC) imported from foreign countries than domestic waste paper. The results obtained from the study were summarized as follows ; 1. Equilibrium moisture content (EMC) of the sample boxes was established after about 20 hours, and the EMC by absorption was lower than that by desorption. The EMC increased with the increasing of relative humidity and with the decreasing of temperature, and the rate of increasing was much higher above the relative humidity of 50%. 2. The maximum compressive strength of Box A was about 100 kgf greater than that of Box B on the same enviromental conditions. The strength of the sample boxes decreased rapidly with the increasing of relative humidity. The effect of relative humidity on the strength was a little higher than that of temperature. 3. As the applied load was progressively increased and a level was reached, the vertical side panels ($L{\times}D$) deflected laterally inwards or outwards. The panels deflected laterally inwards at higher relative humidity. 4. The maximum compressive deflection ratio and the critical deflection ratio of the sample boxes were increased linearly with the increasing of relative hunidity, but trends for its ratios showed inconsistant response to temperature.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.904-914
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• 2017

For efficient energy usage, the concept of demand response has been emerged and thereby Open Automated D emand Response(OpenADR) protocol is developed as a standard protocol to provide automated demand response. There have been emerging trends on the demand response services using the Internet of Things(IoT) for smart h ome energy management. In this smart home energy IoT environment, a lightweight protocol is needed rather tha n the existing HTTP/ XML based OpenADR protocol for demand response services since many small devices wi ll be interconnected. In this paper, we propose a lightweight OpenADR protocol based on CoAP protocol for pro viding demand response service in Smart Energy IoT environment, implement the proposed CoAP-based protocol, and analyzed the performance compared to existing HTTP/ XML-based OpenADR 2.0b protocol.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2002.08a
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• pp.25-30
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• 2002

The ternary semiconducting compounds of the $A_{4}BX_{6}$(A=Cd, Zn, Hg; B=Si, Sn, Ge; X=S, Se, Te) type exhibit strong fluorescence and high photosensitivity in the visible and near infrared ranges, so these are supposed to be materials applicable to photoelectrical devices. These materials were synthesized and single crystals were first grown by Nitsche, who identified the crystal structure of the single crystals. In this paper. author describe the undoped and $Co^{2+}$-doped $Zn_{4}SnSe_{6}$ single crystals were grown by the chemical transport reaction(CTR) method using iodine of $6mg/cm^{3}$ as a transport agent. For the crystal. growth, the temperature gradient of the CTR furnace was kep at $700^{\circ}C$ for the source aone and at $820^{\circ}C$ for the growth zone for 7-days. It was found from the analysis of x-ray diffraction that undoped and $Co^{2+}$-doped $Zn_{4}SnSe_{6}$ compounds have a monoclinic structure. The optical absorption spectra obtained near the fundamental absorption edge showed that these compounds have a direct energy gaps. These temperature dependence of the optical energy gap were closely investigated over the temperature range 10[K]~300[K]