• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• 제37권9호
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• pp.1162-1167
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• 2008

This study was to investigate the chemical compositions of germinated (GSS)- and ungerminated (UGSS)-safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) seeds. GSS had higher amount of sugar and crude fiber than UGSS, but less amounts of protein and lipid. Levels of $\alpha$-tocopherol and essential amino acids of GSS were higher than those of UGSS, although there are no difference in fatty acid composition between GSS and UGSS. Among the nine phenolic compounds detected, five phenolic compounds, except for two lignans and two flavonoids, were found in both GSS and UGSS. Four serotonin derivatives accounted for about 80 per cent of total phenolic compounds, and levels of five phenolic compounds decreased slightly with germination. These results suggest that germination may enhance the functionality of safflower seed by increasing nutritional compositions and by decreasing phenolic compounds with bitter taste and cathartic effects.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.321-325
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• 1996

To isolate a novel gene for antibacterial peptide, an inducible clone(BmInc8) was selected by differential screening strategy from Bombyx mori cDNA library prepared from lavae injected with Escherichia coli. This clone contained a cDNA insert of 564 nucleotides and encoded 59 amino acids with an apparent molecular mass of 6.3 kDa. The cDNA sequence of BmInc8 had 61.2% identity compared to that of the bactericidin from Manduca sexta and also the deduced amino acids sequences from this insert had 65% identity compared to that of the cecropin D peptide Hyalophora cecropia. The transient expression assay of this insert using prokaryotic expression vector system revealed that the expressed peptide displayed the antibacterial activity. The cDNA sequence was deposited in GenBank under the accession number U30289.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.149-153
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• 2013

Candidiasis is a fungal infection of the most common causes; generally, opportunistic infections occur often in patients with weakened immune systems. Because of high rates in fungal infection patients and increasing frequency of being isolated from clinical materials, quickly identifying of Candida albicans is critical. By identifying 404 yeast cell strains of referred samples via API 20C kits, NGL and PRO tests and Germ tube (GT) test were conducted and compared. In the 3.0 McFarland yeast cells, 0.1% ${\rho}-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-{\beta}-D-galactosaminide$ (NGL) and 0.04% ${\small{L}}$-proline ${\beta}$-naphtylamide (PRO) were each put in test tubes and incubated at $35^{\circ}C$ for 15, 30, 60 and 90 minutes. Afterwards, 1 drop of 2% NaOH was applied, and if the color turned yellow; it was positive for NGL test. Afterwards, 1% ${\rho}$-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde was applied, and if the upper layer turned pink or red, it was positive for PRO test. NGL and PRO tests were conducted for all C. albicans and identified accurately within 30 minutes. In NGL, PRO test, false-positive, negative were not seen, whereas, GT test showed false-positive in 1 strain and false-negative in 3 strains. Therefore, sensitivity and specificity of NGL, PRO tests were 100% and 99.5%, respectively, and positive and negative predictive rate were 99.5% and 100%, respectively. However, GT test sensitivity and specificity were 98.5% and 99.5%, respectively, and positive and negative predictive rates were 99.5% and 98.5%, respectively. In conclusion, NGL, PRO tests are better than GT tests for sensitivity and specificity, therefore, these reliable tests will be useful in clinical laboratories.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.317-331
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• 1990

Nitrogen compounds of Panax ginseng and their biological activities in plant and animal were reviewed. Major nitrogen combounds found in P. ginseng are free amino acids, Water soluble teins, insoluble proteins and peptides. Minor nitrogen compounds are dencichine. glycol)roteins. amines, alkaloides, methoxy or alkyl pyrazine derivatives. free nucleosides and nllrleir arid bases. 4-me- thymi-5-thiazoleethanol and pyroglutamic acid. The contents of total nitrogen and protein in root increased until 13 years old rvhich was the highest age tinder investigation. Soluble protein content increased With the root weight and was higher in xylem pith than cortex-epidermis indicating the rlosc relation with root growth. Arginine which covered 58% of total free amino aroids may serve as a storage nitrogen. Arginine seems to be changed into proline in rhizome, threonine in stem and again threoning and arginine in leaf. The greater the root weight the higher the polyaminc content. Polyamine stimulated the growth of root callus. Physiological roles of other minor nitrogen compounds are unknown although dencichine content is relatively high (0.5% d.w.). biochemical and pharmatological activities of some nitrogen compounds for animal were more investigated than physiological roll iota plant itself. Radiation and U.V. protective function (heat stable protein), insulin-like activity in lipogenesis and lipolysis (adenosine and pyroglutamic acid), depression of blood sugar content (glycopeptide). hemostatir and nellrotoxic activity (denrichine) and. sedative and hypnotic activity (4-methyl-5-thiazoleethilnol) are reported. Heat stable protein increased with root age. The traditional quality critsria appear to be well in accordance with biological activities of nitrogen compounds. Chemical stlldies of nitrogen compounds seem relatively rare, probably dole to difficulty of isolation, subsequently the investigations of biological activities are little.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Applied Microbiology Conference
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• 한국미생물생명공학회 1986년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.505.2-506
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• 1986

L-Azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (A-2-C), a four-membered cyclic imino acid has been identified in certain plants, and the microorganism Actinoplanes ferrugineus. The imino acid A-2-C has a physiological significance as an antgaonist of proline during peptide synthesis. The biosynthetic mechanism for the formation of A-2-C has not been studied in any detail. By using various amino acids such as methionine and S-adenosyl-L-methionine labeled with deuterium or carbon-14, the details of the biosynthetic pathway and a possible mechanism for the formation of L-A-2-C in .4. ferrugineus have been unravelled, Both in vivo and in vitro experimental results suggest the biosynthesis of L-A-2-C is mediated by a confactor containing a carbonyl group, probably pyridoxal Phosphate. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine, which seems to be the direct biosynthetic substrate, has undergone a f-displacement by an ${\alpha}$-amino group of the amino acid portion of the substrate S-adenosyl-L-methionine potentially via a vinylglycine intermediate. The overall stereochemical events at the ${\beta}$-carbon of the substrate have been shown to inversion of configuration. The overall stereochemical events at the -position of the sub- strate have also been shown to occur with inversion of configuration. The ${\beta}$, ${\gamma}$-elimination reaction of the substrate seems to follow a cisoidal-type mechanism and the addition portion of the reaction a transoidal-type mechanism . The assignment of the proton NMR of A-2-C has been deduced by apply- ing NOE difference experiments, Gd(III) line-broadening experiments and 2D-NOESY experiments of regio-and stereospecificially deuterated A-2-C's.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.1592-1598
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• 2015

This study was conducted to determine the effects of feeding a trace minerals-fortified microbial culture (TMC) on the performance and carcass characteristics of late-fattening Hanwoo steers. A mixture of microbes (0.6% [v/w] of Enterobacter sp., Bacillus sp., Lactobacillus sp., and Saccharomyces sp.) was cultured with 99% feedstuff for ensiling and 0.4% trace minerals (zinc, selenium, copper, and cobalt). Sixteen late-fattening steers (mean age, 21.8 months) were allocated to two diets: a control diet (concentrate mix and rice straw) and a treated diet (control diet+3.3% TMC). At a mean age of 31.1 months, all the steers were slaughtered. The addition of TMC to the diet did not affect the average daily weight gain of the late fattening steers, compared with that of control steers. Moreover, consuming the TMC-supplemented diet did not affect cold carcass weight, yield traits such as back fat thickness, longissimus muscle area, yield index or yield grade, or quality traits such as meat color, fat color, texture, maturity, marbling score, or quality grade. However, consumption of a TMC-supplemented diet increased the concentrations of zinc, selenium, and sulfur (p<0.05) in the longissimus muscle. With respect to amino acids, animals consuming TMC showed increased (p<0.05) concentrations of lysine, leucine, and valine among essential amino acids and a decreased (p<0.05) concentration of proline among non-essential amino acids. In conclusion, the consumption of a TMC-supplemented diet during the late-fattening period elevated the concentrations of certain trace minerals and essential amino acids in the longissimus muscle, without any deleterious effects on performance and other carcass characteristics of Hanwoo steers.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.57-63
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• 1998

To furnish basic data about the utilization of Korean loquat as flood, this experiment was conducted. Nutritional components in leaves, fruit excluded seed, flesh and seed of Korean loquat were analyzed as follows : moisture 48.7%, 87.8%, 88.3% and 59.5% ; total sugar 1.57%, 7.21%, 7.36% and 2.41% ; crude protein 5.23%, 1.61%, 1.44% and 4.31% in each portion, respectively. The highest mineral contents of loquat leaves, fruit excluded seed, flesh and seed were Ca 2,458ppm, K 661ppm, 654ppm and 1,528ppm, and water soluble vitamins such as ascorbic acid, thiamin and pyridoxine were confirmed in different pares of Korean loquat, the contents of those were high thiamin 5.86mg% in leaves and ascorbic acid 1.l0mg%, 1.26mg% and 4.90mg% in fruit excluded seed flesh and seed, respectively. The contents of free sugars were high sucrose 0.87%, glucose 0.62%, 0.6475 and rhamnose 0.20%, and major organic acid were detected oxalic acid 1,693.70mg%, malic acid 201.70mg%, 207.60mg% and citric acid 55.70mg% in each portion, respectively. Free amino acid were identified 21, 14, 14 and 16 kinds of leaves, fruit excluded seed, flesh and seed, respectively and their contents in each portion were highest glutamic acid 280.22mg%, proline 35.l0mg%, glutamic acid 56.96mg% and sarcosine 230.24mg%, respectively. Volatile components were identified 25 and 11 kinds of leaves and flesh and their contents were highest d-nerolidol 28.70ppm, hexadecanoic acid 16.67ppm, respectively.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.278-281
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• 2007

The nutritional composition of Pleurotus nebrodensis fruiting body has been analyzed for medicinal and edible uses. Minerals of P. nebrodensis were found to be as follows potassium (1,612.96 mg/100 g), phosphorus (644.52 mg/100 g), magnesium (100.32 mg/100 g), sodium (97.84 mg/100 g), calcium (13.8 mg/100 g), iron (4.77 mg/100 g), zinc (4.32 mg/100 g), copper (0.88 mg/100 g) and manganese (0.55 mg/100 g) based on dry weight. Eighteen amino acids were found in P. nebrodensis. Among total amino acid, glutamic acid content was the highest (353 mg/100 g) and aspartic acid, leucine, arginine and alanine were followed. Concerning free amino acids, tryptophan, proline, alanine and isoleucine were dominant. The vitamin E content was the highest (285.31 mg/100 g), then vitamin C, niacin and vitamin $B_6$ were followed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.235-235
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• 2017

Chromium (Cr) toxicity is hazardous to the seed germination, growth, and development of plants. ${\gamma}$-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-protein amino acid and is involved in stress tolerance in plants. To investigate the effects of GABA in alleviating Cr toxicity, we treated eight-d-old mustard (Brassica juncea L.) seedlings with Cr (0.15 mM and 0.3 mM $K_2CrO_4$, 5 days) alone and in combination with GABA ($125{\mu}M$) in a semi-hydroponic medium. The roots and shoots of the seedlings accumulated Cr in a dose-dependent manner, which led to an increase in oxidative damage [lipid peroxidation; hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) content; superoxide ($O{_2}^{{\cdot}-}$) generation; lipoxygenase (LOX) activity], MG content, and disrupted antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems. Chromium stress also reduced growth, leaf relative water content (RWC), and chlorophyll (chl) content but increased phytochelatin (PC) and proline (Pro) content. Furthermore, supplementing the Cr-treated seedlings with GABA reduced Cr uptake and upregulated the non-enzymatic antioxidants (ascorbate, AsA; glutathione, GSH) and the activities of the enzymatic antioxidants including ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glyoxalase I (Gly I), and glyoxalase II (Gly II), and finally reduced oxidative damage. Adding GABA also increased leaf RWC and chl content, decreased Pro and PC content, and restored plant growth. These findings shed light on the effect of GABA in improving the physiological mechanisms of mustard seedlings in response to Cr stress.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.143-148
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• 1995

The competence of callus formation and plant regeneration from root derived callus was higher in japonica cultivars than those of Tongil-type cultivars of rice. A japonica type cultivars Yeongdeogbyeo, showed the highest capacity (13%) for plant regeneration from root calli of 6 cultivars tested. The callus induced from seed and root tissues maintained higher capacity for plant regeneration during 7 passages of subculture on N$_{6}$ solid media at 2-week intervals. The maximum frequency (2 x 10$^{5}$ mL) of round cells and their cell colonies showed about 24 days after suspension culture of root-derived callus in N$_{6}$ medium with lmg/L 2,4-D, 300mg/L casein hydrolysate, 10mM L-proline, 20g/L sucrose and 30g/L sorbitol. The frequency of somatic embryo formation in suspension cultures of root-derived callus increased with prolonged advance of subculture time from 30 to 90 days, but their regenerative capacities decreased.