• Title/Summary/Keyword: D-efficiency

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A Study of the Distinctive Characteristics of Government Funded Research Institutes Engaged in Technological Cooperation with SMEs (중소기업의 기술협력에서 출연연의 차별적 특징에 관한 연구)

  • Jun, Seung-pyo;Park, Hun;Yoo, Jae Young
    • Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.607-641
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    • 2017
  • Recently, there has been an increase in government-wide demand for technological cooperation between government funded research institutes (GFRIs) and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), while there remain a tension between positive and negative views regarding the support given by GFRIs to encourage the technological innovation of SMEs. Although preceding studies have found that the support given by GFRIs to SMEs tends to have the effect of enhancing the technological innovation outcomes of SMEs, this study examines the question of why the agent that provides technological cooperation to SMEs should be limited to GFRIs. To answer this question, in this study, we first examined the qualitative changes in the external technological cooperation behavior of SMEs over time, from 2007 to 2014. Next, we performed cluster analysis to examine whether there were distinctive characteristics of SMEs that engage in technological cooperation with GFRIs, compared to the various other alternatives available as technological cooperation partners for SMEs. Lastly, to help us identify the characteristics of the companies that technologically cooperate with GFRIs and to facilitate the administrative or practical effort to find companies that would be strong candidates for technological cooperation with GFRIs, we used discriminant analysis to define a discriminant formula for such companies likely to engage in technological cooperation. The results of this study were as follows. First, GFRIs were the most competitive -- as demonstrated by the highest level of satisfaction, etc. - compared to the other alternatives for external technological cooperation available to SMEs. This confirmed the necessity for GFRIs to provide technological cooperation to SMEs. Secondly, the issue of whether the small and medium-sized enterprise had engaged in technological cooperation specifically with GFRIs was found not to be a very significant factor in distinguishing these companies. It was found, however, that SMEs engaged in technological cooperation were distinctive, regardless of the type of institution involved in the technological cooperation. Thirdly, SMEs that were in technological cooperation with GFRIs had the characteristics of being already active in joint research and already familiar with utilizing the systems available for governmental support. The findings of this study offers various insights relevant to establishing national R&D strategies using GFRIs and improving the efficiency of policies and administrative practices intended to help GFRIs assist SMEs.

Counter-terrorism Safety Measures in Public Facilities (다중이용시설의 대테러 안전대책)

  • Kim, Du-Hyun;Ahn, Kwang-Ho
    • Korean Security Journal
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    • no.22
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    • pp.37-64
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    • 2010
  • Since the September 11, 2001, the motives and objectives of terrorism that have been targeted at hard targets such as key national facilities have now shifted towards soft targets such as subways, department stores, and tourist hotels; the attacks on these soft targets are steadily increasing. Simultaneous, unconventional, and indiscriminate terrorist attacks on civilians has also increased. In November, 2010, nearly forty states of the G20 and B20 (Business 20) will join in international summits to be hosted in Seoul. This coming July, an additional 350 troops will be deployed to Afghanistan for the sustainment of public security. Such events are sensitive topics, and there is the possibility of terrorist movement. Korea has successfully hosted various international events such as the APEC and ASEM Summits, and the 2002 Korea-Japan World Cup. The experiences from these events must be applied to ensure the safety of public facilities against the dangers of terrorism. First, counter-terrorism center must be established for the long-term, above the General Officer level to ensure the safety and efficiency of multilateral, international summits, as well as promoting policies and legislation aimed at preventing terrorism. Second, a terrorist threat management system must be secured and safety measures must be emphasized. Third, a fundamental structure must be established for the prevention of terrorism on public facilities, as well as legal and government action against the new threat of IED. Fourth, the police and fire fighting networks' must have a firm rapid response posture on the scene of an attack. Fifth, the state of mentality on the recognition of terrorist threats must be changed and restructured by promoting to and educating the population. Sixth, prevention measures must be established via research and academia. Seventh, for the guarantee of security in public facilities, safety management should employ cutting edge technology such as the 3D SICS and further develop and apply such technology. All methods and resources must be fully utilized for the establishment and strengthening terrorism prevention measures.

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Studies on the Epidemiological Change of Clonorchiasis After Mass Chemotherapy in Highly endemic Areas (집단치료사업에 따른 간흡충증의 역학적 변동에 관한 조사)

  • Joo, Kyoung-Hwan;Chu, Paul B.;Rim, Han-Jong;Lee, Joon-Sang
    • Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.80-93
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    • 1987
  • Mass chemotherapy of Clonorchis sinensis infection in Korea was started in 1982 with 40mg/kg body weight single dose administration scheme of praziquantel. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficiency of current mass chemotherapy project and compare the epidemiological changes in endemic area of Ckmorchis sinensis. This study was performed at Kimhae-city and Samrangjin-eup of Miryang-gun, Kyongnam province, highly endemic area of C. sinensis located southeastern part of Korea from July to October of 1986. The therapy project of Kimhae area was performed in 1984, whereas that of Samrangjin was done in 1985 by stool examination of the Korea Association for Parasite Eradication(KAPE) and drug administration of local health centre. The results obtained were as follows; 1) As a results of stool examination from 234 specimens obtained in Kimhae area, the infection rate has decreased to 34.2%from 45.6p in 1983, but the infection rate of C. sinensis from 341 specimens obtained in Samrangjin area did not decrease (58.1%in 1986 490%in 1983). 2) The study in Kimhae area showed that the average EPG decreased remarkably from 4,858 to 1,340 and those classified above the category of heavy infection decreased also from 14.0pp to 1.7%. The study in Samrangjin area showed that the average EPG did decrease drastically from 9,597 to 6,498 and those classified above the category of heavy infection did not go down drastically from 25.2% to 14.2%. 3) The study in Kimhae area showed decrease of Cs.$D._{50}$ in comparison to that in 1983, wheareas Cs.$D._{50}$ in Samrangjin area showed no much difference compared to that in 1983. The intensities of endemicity were represented with the regression equation calculated with the cumulative percentages of EPG count. Regression equation was Y=4.49+1.19 log x in Kimhae area and Y=3.66+127 log x in Samrangjin area. 4) The two stage catalytic model was applied and the calculation lead to the equation $Y=5.33(e^{-0.018t}-e^{-0.016t})$ in Kimhae area and $Y=1.25(e^{-0.010t}-e^{-0.018t})$ in Kimhae area and $Y=125(e^{-0.010t}-e^{-0.050t})$ in Samrangjin area 5) The infection rate of cercaria in P.manchouric-us studied in Kimhae area showed 1.25% which is not much different from that in previous years, wheareas the infection rate of metacercaria in P. parva studied in the same area this year showed 2.5-20.2/gm of flesh in comparison to 64/gm of flesh in 1983. 6) Data of C. sinensis infection on the reservoir host in Kimhae area showed 4 out of 18 dogs, 1 out of 18 rats and that in Samrangjin area showed 2 out of 18 dogs respectively. 7) Among the inhabitants who were under mass chemotherapy in Kimhae area, 71out of them, upon stool examination, showed infection rate of 66.2% and those classified above the category of heavy infection, 2.4%. In comparison to infection rate of 33.7% and those classified above the category of heavy infection, which is 1.0%, obtained from those not under mass chemotherapy showed higher infection rate and somewhat equal distribution of intensity of infection. The above statements reflect the fact that individual therapy besides mass chemotherapy was prevalent in that area. 8) On the other side, the studies in Samrangjin area showed infection rate of 68.7% and those above the category of heavy infection, which is 6.1%, in comparison to infection rate of 58.3% and those above the category of heavy infection, which is 16.5%, in those not under mass chemotherapy. the above reflects that although a good deal of inhabit-ants were classified under light or moderate infection category, those above the category of heavy infection, yet, numbered a lot, and individual chemotherapy has not been going on. In conclusion, it was suggested that the number of reinfected inhabitants among those under mass chemotherapy were numerous. Accordingly, the reinforcement of health education should be followed with mass chemotherapy. The facts of high infection rate exemplified by 65% and high number of those above the category of heavy infection in Samrangjin area say that reevaluation of dosage, number of medication and intervals should be necessarily made.

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Improved AR-FGS Coding Scheme for Scalable Video Coding (확장형 비디오 부호화(SVC)의 AR-FGS 기법에 대한 부호화 성능 개선 기법)

  • Seo, Kwang-Deok;Jung, Soon-Heung;Kim, Jin-Soo;Kim, Jae-Gon
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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    • v.31 no.12C
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    • pp.1173-1183
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    • 2006
  • In this paper, we propose an efficient method for improving visual quality of AR-FGS (Adaptive Reference FGS) which is adopted as a key scheme for SVC (Scalable Video Coding) or H.264 scalable extension. The standard FGS (Fine Granularity Scalability) adopts AR-FGS that introduces temporal prediction into FGS layer by using a high quality reference signal which is constructed by the weighted average between the base layer reconstructed imageand enhancement reference to improve the coding efficiency in the FGS layer. However, when the enhancement stream is truncated at certain bitstream position in transmission, the rest of the data of the FGS layer will not be available at the FGS decoder. Thus the most noticeable problem of using the enhancement layer in prediction is the degraded visual quality caused by drifting because of the mismatch between the reference frame used by the FGS encoder and that by the decoder. To solve this problem, we exploit the principle of cyclical block coding that is used to encode quantized transform coefficients in a cyclical manner in the FGS layer. Encoding block coefficients in a cyclical manner places 'higher-value' bits earlier in the bitstream. The quantized transform coefficients included in the ealry coding cycle of cyclical block coding have higher probability to be correctly received and decoded than the others included in the later cycle of the cyclical block coding. Therefore, we can minimize visual quality degradation caused by bitstream truncation by adjusting weighting factor to control the contribution of the bitstream produced in each coding cycle of cyclical block coding when constructing the enhancement layer reference frame. It is shown by simulations that the improved AR-FGS scheme outperforms the standard AR-FGS by about 1 dB in maximum in the reconstructed visual quality.

Decitabine in the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes, Which Combined with Complex Karyotype Respectively

  • Gao, Su;Li, Zheng;Fu, Jian-Hong;Hu, Xiao-Hui;Xu, Yang;Jin, Zheng-Ming;Tang, Xiao-Wen;Han, Yue;Chen, Su-Ning;Sun, Ai-Ning;Wu, De-Pei;Qiu, Hui-Ying
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.16 no.15
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    • pp.6627-6632
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    • 2015
  • Background: We conducted a study exploring the clinical safety and efficacy of decitabine in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), combined with a complex karyotype. Materials and Methods: From April 2009 to September 2013, a total of 35 patients with AML/MDS combined with a complex karyotype diagnosed in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University were included for retrospective analysis. All patients were treated with decitabine alone ($20mg/m^2$ daily for 5 days) or combination AAG chemotherapy (Acla 20mg qod*4d, Ara-C $10mg/m^2$ q12h*7d, G-CSF $300{\mu}g$ qd, the dose of G-CSF adjusted to the amount in blood routinely). Results: In 35 patients, 15 exhibited a complete response (CR), and 6 a partial response (PR), the overall response rate (CR+PR) being 60% (21 of 35). Median disease-free survival was 18 months and overall survival was 14 months. In the 15 MDS patients with a complex karyotype, the CR rate was 53.3% (8 of 15); in 20 AML patients with complex karyotype, the overall response rate was 65% (13 of 20). The response rate of decitabine alone (22 cases) was 56.5% (13 of 22), while in the combination chemotherapy group (13 cases), the effective rate was 61.5% (8 of 13)(P>0.05). There are 15 patients with chromosome 7 aberration, after treatment with decitabine, 7 CR, 3 PR, overall response rate was 66.7% (10 of 15). Of 18 patients with 3 to 5 kinds of chromosomal abnormalities, 66.7% demonstrated a response; of 17 with more than 5 chromosomal abnormalities, 52.9% had a response. In the total of 35 patients, with one course (23 patients) and ${\geq}$two courses (12 patients), the overall response rate was 40.9% and 92.3% (P<0.05). Grade III to IV hematological toxicity was observed in 27 cases (75%). Grade III to IV infections were clinically documented in 7 (20%). Grades I to II non-hematological toxicity were infections (18 patients), haematuria (2 patients), and bleeding (3 patients). With follow-up until September 2013, 7 patients were surviving, 18 had died and 10 were lost to follow-up. In the 6 cases who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) all were still relapse-free survivors. Conclusions: Decitabine alone or combination with AAG can improve outcome of AML/MDS with a complex karyotype, there being no significant difference decitabine in inducing remission rates in patients with different karyotype. Increasing the number of courses can improve efficiency. This approach with fewer treatment side effects in patients with a better tolerance should be employed in order to create an improved subsequent chance for HSCT.

Anti-obesity and Anti-hyperlipidemic Activities of Fermented Coffee with Monascus ruber Mycelium by Solid-State Culture of Green Coffee Beans (고지방 식이를 섭취한 마우스에서 홍국균 균사체-고체발효 원두커피의 비만억제 및 지질저하 효과)

  • Sung, Jeehey;Shin, Ji-Young;Kim, Hoon;Baek, Gil-Hun;Yu, Kwang-Won;Yeon, Jeyeong;Lee, Junsoo
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.43 no.3
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    • pp.341-348
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    • 2014
  • We investigated the anti-obesity and anti-hyperlipidemic effects of extracts of two roasted coffee beans (Vietnam robusta and Ethiopia mocha sidamo G2) and fermented coffee beans with Monascus rubber mycelium (MR) by solid-state culture. C57B/L6 mice were divided into seven groups: normal diet (ND) group, high fat diet (HFD) group, and HFD groups with hot water extracts from Vietnam robusta coffee beans (HFD-VR), MR-fermented Vietnam robusta coffee beans (HFD-VR-MR), MR-fermented Vietnam robusta coffee beans with 10% brown rice (HFD-VR-MR-BR10), Ethiopia mocha sidamo G2 coffee beans (HFD-ES), and MR-fermented Ethiopia mocha sidamo G2 coffee beans (HFD-ES-MR). After 6 weeks, body weight gain and food efficiency ratio were higher in the HFD group, but significantly reduced in the coffee extracts-fed groups. The HFD-ES-MR group showed greater body weight reduction than the HFD-ES group. The serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol levels as well as the atherogenic index and cardiac risk factor all tended to decrease in groups fed Vietnam robusta coffee extracts compared to the HFD group. These results suggest that Vietnam robusta and Ethiopia mocha sidamo G2 may be used to make functional coffee beverages with anti-obesity and anti-hyperlipidemic activities.

Growth Performance, Humoral Immune Response and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chickens Fed Alkali Processed Karanj Cake Incorporated Diet Supplemented with Methionine

  • Panda, K.;Sastry, V.R.B.;Mandal, A.B.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.18 no.5
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    • pp.677-681
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    • 2005
  • A study was conducted to see the effect of dietary incorporation of alkali (1.5% NaOH, w/w) processed solvent extracted karanj cake (SKC) supplemented with methionine on growth performance, humoral immune response and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens from 0 to 8 weeks of age. One hundred and twenty, day- old broiler chicks were wing banded, vaccinated against Marek' disease and distributed in a completely randomized design (CRD) into 3 groups of 40 chicks each, which was further replicated to 4 and fed on diet containing soybean meal and those of test groups were fed diets containing alkali (1.5% NaOH) treated SKC partially replacing soybean meal nitrogen of reference diet (12.5%) without or with supplementation of methionine (0.2%). Individual body weight of chicks and replicate-wise feed intakes were recorded at weekly intervals throughout the experimental period. Feed consumption from 1 to 14, 28, 42 and 56 d of age was recorded for each replicate and feed conversion efficiency (weight gain/feed intake) for the respective period was calculated. Mortality was monitored on daily basis. On 28$^{th}$ day of experimental feeding, two birds of each replicate in each dietary group (8 birds/diet) were inoculated with 0.1 ml of a 1.0% suspension of sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and the antibody titre (log 2) was measured after 5 days by the microtitre haemmagglutination procedure. After 42 days of experimental feeding, a retention study of 4 days (43-47 d) duration was conducted on all birds to determine the retention of various nutrients such as DM, N, Ca, P and GE. On 43$^{rd}$ day of experimental feeding, one representative bird from each replicate of a dietary treatment (4/dietary group) was sacrificed, after fasting for two hours with free access to water, through cervical dislocation to observe the weight of dressed carcass, primal cuts (breast, thigh, drumstick, back, neck and wing), giblet (liver, heart and gizzard), abdominal fat and digestive organs. The body weight gain of chicks fed reference diet and those fed diet incorporated with NaOH treated SKC (12.5% replacement) with or without methionine supplementation was comparable during 0 to 4 weeks of age. However, dietary incorporation of alkali processed SKC replacing 12.5% nitrogen moiety of soybean meal resulted in growth retardation, subsequently as evidenced by significantly (p<0.05) lowered body weight gain during 0 to 6 weeks of age in birds fed diet incorporated with alkali processed SKC at 6.43% without methionine as compared to those supplemented with methionine or reference diet. Dietary incorporation of alkali (1.5% NaOH) processed SKC replacing 12.5% of soybean meal nitrogen in the diet of broiler chickens had no adverse effect on feed conversion ratio during all the weeks of experimental feeding. The humoral immune response (HIR) as measured by the antibody titre in response to SRBC inoculation was comparable among all the dietary groups. No significant difference in the intake and retention of DM, N, Ca, P or GE was noted among the chicks fed reference and alkali processed SKC incorporated diets with or without methionine supplementation. None of the carcass traits varied significantly due to dietary variations, except the percent weight of liver and giblet. The percent liver weight was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the birds fed diet incorporated with alkali processed SKC as compared to that in other two groups. Thus solvent extracted karanj cake could be incorporated after alkali (1.5% NaOH, w/w) processing at an enhanced level of 6.43%, replacing 12.5% of soybean meal nitrogen, in the broiler diets up to 4 weeks of age, beyond which the observed growth depression on this diet could be alleviated by 0.2% methionine supplementation.

Forest Law and Forest Resources in Five Northeast Asian Countries - R.O.K., D.P.R.K., Japan, China and Taiwan - (동북(東北)아시아 5개국(個國)(한국(韓國), 북한(北韓), 일본(日本), 중국(中國), 대만(臺灣))의 산림법(山林法)과 산림자원(山林資源))

  • Yoo, Byoung Il
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.84 no.1
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    • pp.10-21
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    • 1995
  • This study was conducted to compare the changes in the forest resources and the process of establishment and characteristics of the Forest Law in five Northeast Asian Countries, who share the Chinese culture as a common background. The effect of Forest Law on forest resources of each countries is also compared. This study shows that the forest management scheme and the modernistic forest law in the five Northeast Countries were influenced by Japan around the early 20th century. The Forest Laws of the five countries were reestablished after the end of World War II, and now the five countries have their own Forest Law. At present, the five countries are depending on the import of foreign timber for timber supply because of the shortage of domestic timber resources. The Forest Laws of the five countries have a lot of similarities reflecting same cultural background, whereas there are differences originated from social and economic discrepancies. Currently R.O.K. is worst in forest resources compared to the other countries. The Forest Law of R.O.K. has too many articles, which has little direct relationship with forest resources management. Therefore it is recommended to consolidate the law system in the field of forest and forestry in R.O.K. including the amendment of Forest Law directing to sustainable forest and maintaining the efficiency of forest resources management.

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A Study on the Effect of On-Dock System in Container Terminals - Focusing on GwangYang Port - (컨테이너터미널에서 On-Dock 시스템 효과분석에 관한 연구 - 광양항을 중심으로 -)

  • Cha, Sang-Hyun;Noh, Chang-Kyun
    • Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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    • v.39 no.1
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    • pp.45-53
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    • 2015
  • These days Container Terminals are focusing on increasing the quantity of containers and shipping lines choose Terminals by referring to the key elements of a terminal to perform the overall operation the fastest such as the location of the terminal, discharging ability, keeping environment, and other elements related to shipping in general. Container terminal is able to offer On-Dock service has become an important factor for shipping lines to choose that terminal. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for On-Dock system work algorithm, the algorithm Empty container exports, Full Container algorithm and The aim of our study focus on both container's gate out time and search for the effective terminal operation which is using the general On-Dock system through several algorithm like container batch priority, gate in and out job priority and empty container yard equipment allocation rule based on the automatic allocation method and manual allocation scheme for container. Gathering these information, it gives the priority and yard location of gate-out containers to control. That is, by selecting an optimum algorithm container, container terminals Empty reduces the container taken out time, it is possible to minimize unnecessary re-handling of the yard container can be enhanced with respect to the efficiency of the equipment. Operations and operating results of the Non On-Dock and On-Dock system is operated by the out work operations (scenarios) forms that are operating in the real Gwangyang Container Terminal derived results. Gwangyang Container terminal and apply the On-Dock system, Non On-Dock can be taken out this time, about 5 minutes more quickly when applying the system. when managing export orders for berths where On-Dock service is needed, ball containers are allocated and for import cargoes, D/O is managed and after carryout, return management, container damage, cleaning, fixing and controlling services are supported hence the berth service can be strengthened and container terminal business can grow.

Effects of Total Mixed Rations on Ruminal Characteristics, Digestibility and Beef Production of Hanwoo Steers (섬유질배합사료 급여가 비육후기 거세한우의 반추위 발효성상, 소화율 및 산육성에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, K.H.;Kim, K.S.;Lee, S.C.;Oh, Y.G.;Chung, C.S.;Kim, K.J.
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.45 no.3
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    • pp.387-396
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    • 2003
  • This experiment was carried out to compare the effects of feeding commercial formula feed and rice straw separately (control) versus a total mixed ration (TMR) on productivity of Hanwoo steers in late stage of fattening and on ruminal fermentation characteristics and digestibilities. Ruminal digesta from the cannulated cattle were sampled at 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8 hour after feeding. The steers fed TMR consumed 7.4kg per day and there was no difference between feeding systems. Daily weight gain was not significantly (P>0.05) between feeding systems, however, TMR group showed lower daily gain than control group. The amount of feed consumption per kg weight gain was higher in TMR group than control group (10.5kg and 9.7kg, respectively), resulting in a greater efficiency of feed utilization for gain. In the result of appearance rates of quality grade A were 33% higher for TMR group than those in control group. Appearance rates of grade 1 showed 56% and 75% when fed the control and TMR, respectively. Digestibilities of dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber and gross energy for TMR treatment were significantly higher (P<0.01) than those of control. Prior to feeding (0 h) and each subsequent hour, the TMR resulted in higher rumen pH (P<0.05) when compared with control ration. The concentration of NH3-N for TMR treatment maintained at higher level up to 8hr after feeding, especially increased up to 28.2mg/$d\ell$ during 1-2 hour which was two times (P<0.05) more than control. The amount of total VFA showed same trends between feeding systems. However, the ratios of branched chained fatty acid such as iso-butyric acid and iso-valeric acid for TMR treatment were significantly(P<0.01) higher than control for 3-5hr. Results showed that TMR in these trials is effective feeding system for fattening Hanwoo steers in the respect of ruminal characteristics, total tract digestibility and productivities.