• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 1986

고추 탄저병균(炭疽病菌)(Colletrichum denzatium f. sp. capsicum)의 발아(發芽)에 미치는 영양원(營養源) 및 환경요인(環境要因)의 영향(影響)을 구명(究明)코져 slide 발아법(發芽法)으로 실시(實施)하여 얻어진 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 고추 탄저병균(炭疽病菌) 분생포자(分生胞子) 발아(發芽)의 온도범위(溫度範圍)는 $15{\sim}35^{\circ}C$ 이고 최적온도(最適溫度)는 $28^{\circ}C$, pH 범위(範圍)는 $4.5{\sim}8.0$이고 최적(最適) pH 는 5.5 였고 상대습도(相對濕度)는 포화(飽和)에 가까운 90% 이상(以上)의 상대습도(相對濕度)에서 발아율(發芽率)이 현저(顯著)히 좋았다. 2. 고추 탄저병균(炭疽病菌)의 포자발아(胞子發芽)는 PSB(potato sucrose broth), RPFD(red pepper fruit broth), GPFB(green pepper furit broth) 및 PLB (pepper leaf broth) 에서는 높은 발아율(發芽率)을 나타내었으나 살균증류수(殺菌蒸溜水)(D.W) 에서는 발아율(發芽率)이 현저(顯著)히 떨어지는 경향(傾向)이었다. 3. 탄소원(炭素源)과 질소원(窒素源)의 투여(投與)는 발아(發芽)에 절대적(絶對的)인 영향(影響)을 미치는 것으로 확인(確認)되었으며 K,P 및 S 등(等)의 무기염류(無機鹽類)는 뚜렷한 경향(傾向)을 보이지 않았다. 4. 탄소원(炭素源)이 발아(發芽)에 미치는 효과(效果)에서 단당류(單糖類)인 glucose 와 galactose 에서, 이당류(二糖類)인 lactose 에서 그리고 다당류(多糖類)인 가용성(可溶性) 전분(澱粉)에서 90% 이상(以上)의 높은 발아율(發芽率)을 나타내었다. 5. 현탁액(懸濁液)의 분생포자(分生胞子) 밀도(密度)가 $1{\times}10^4\;conidia/ml$ 일때 가장 높은 발아율(發芽率)을 나타내었고 $2{\times}10^4\;conidia/ml$ 이상(以上)일 때 발아율(發芽率)은 현저(顯著)히 감소(減少)되었으며 $5{\times}10^4\;conidia/ml$의 포자밀도(胞子密度)에서는 극(極)히 낮은 발아율(發芽率)을 보이는 것으로 미루어 포자밀도(胞子密度)의 증가(增加)가 self-inhibitor 로 작용(作用)하는 것으로 추측(推測)되며 기질(基質)을 제거(除去)한 분생포자(分生胞子)의 발아율(發芽率)은 기질(基質)을 제거(除去)하지 않은 분생포자(分生胞子)의 발아율(發芽率)보다 낮은 경향(傾向)을 보였으며 분생포자(分生胞子) 밀도(密度)가 증가(增加)할수록 더욱 현저(顯著)한 발아율(發芽率)의 감소(減少)를 가져왔다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.171-177
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• 1998

The strain A49, which produces a new type of extracellular polysaccharide was isolated from soil samples. From morphological, physiological and biochemical tests, the strain A49 was identified as a Bacillus polymyxa and named Bacillus polymyxa A49. Bacillus polymyxa A49 was found to produce a highly viscous extracellular polysaccharide when grown aerobically in a medium containing glucose as the sole source of carbon. The polysaccharide (A49 POL) showed a homogeneous pattern on gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and its molecular weight was estimated to be about 1.6 mega dalton (mDa). The FT-IR spectrum of A49-POL revealed typical characteristics of polysaccharides. As a result of investigations with HPLC and carbozole assay, A49-POL was found to consist of L-fucose, D-galactose, D-glucose, D-mannose, and D-glucuronic acid, with the molar ratio of these sugars being approximately 1:2:7:50:12. Rheological analysis of A49 POL revealed that it is pseudoplastic and has a higher apparent viscosity at dilute concentrations than does xanthan gum. The consistancy factor of A49 POL was found to be higher, and the flow index of A49 POL lower, than xanthan gum. Its apparent viscosity was comparatively unstable at various temperatures. the A49 POL showed the highest apparent viscosity at pH 3. When salts were added to A49 POL solution, the solution was compatible with up to 10% KCl, 35% NaCl, 55% $CaCl_2$, 55% $MgCl_2$, 55% $K_2HPO_4$, and 110% $Ca({NO_3})_2$, respectively.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.509-514
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• 2004

느릅나무(Ulmus davidiana var. Japonica)는 한국이나 중국 등에서 오래 전부터 전통의 민간요법으로 열매, 뿌리를 염증 및 종창 환부에 도포하여 항염제로 이용하거나, 중탕 추출하여 소화기 궤양 및 종양 등에 사용하여 왔다. 또한 한방에서는 유근피가 다량의 점액과 탄닌을 함유하고 있어 완화제, 치습, 이뇨, 소종독(消腫毒) 등에 이용하여 오고 있다. 본 연구에서는 유근피로부터 다당류를 분리 정제한 후 화장료 조성물로써의 사용 가능성을 확인하고자, 유근피 추출 다당류의 보습효과 및 소염효과 등을 조사하였다. 유근피에서 침출법으로 다당류를 분리정제한 후 가수 분해하고, 가수분해 생성물을 HPLC로 분석하여 주구성 당분이 람노오스, 갈락토오스, 글루코오스 등임을 확인하였고 GPC로 측정한 평균분자량은 20,000이었다. Corneometer CM820 등을 이용한 보습효능 실험 결과 히알루론 산과 견줄만한 효능을 확인할 수 있었으며, carrageenin에 의해 유도된 부종억제 효능 실험에서는 ketoprofen에 버금가는 좋은 효능을 나타내었다. 결론적으로 유근피 추출 다당류가 좋은 화장료 조성물로써 유용하게 사용될 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.821-828
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• 2015

ASW0 is a polysaccharide derived from the perennial herb Aster scaber Thunberg. We isolated ASW0, a fraction of crude polysaccharide, by means of ethanol precipitation and dialysis after hot water extraction to investigate its physicochemical properties and immunostimulatory effects. ASW0 contains neutral sugar (45.7%), acidic sugar (51.6%), protein (2.3%), and 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octonate (KDO) (0.4%). The neutral sugar in ASW0 (in mole percentage) was mainly composed of arabinose (34.5 mol%), glucose (31.1 mol%), galactose (14.9 mol%), and rhamnose (8.1 mol%), which are characteristic of pectic polysaccharides. ASW0 also contained small amounts of xylose, mannose, and fucose. The anti-complementary activity of ASW-0 was similar to that of polysaccharide K (used as positive control). ASW0 exhibited no cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 macrophages and dramatically increased nitric oxide (NO) production in a dose dependent manner ($0.3{\sim}30{\mu}g/mL$). Also, macrophages stimulated with ASW0 showed enhanced production of immunostimulatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha ($TNF-{\alpha}$) in a dose dependent manner. These results suggest that the ASW0 have a potent immunostimulatory effect and can be used as a natural immune health ingredient.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.565-571
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• 2013

An enzyme ${\beta}$-galactosidase or ${\beta}$-galactohydrolase [EC3.2.1.23], commonly called lactase, mediates galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) synthesis under conditions of high substrate concentrations. Also, lactase hydrolyzes ${\beta}$($1{\rightarrow}4$) lactose into glucose and galactose, the latter is successively transferred to free lactose to make various oligosaccharides via transgalactosylation. GOS is non-digestible to human digestive enzymes and has been used as a functional prebiotics. Among the 24 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains used, Lactobacillus paracasei YSM0308 was selected based on its exhibition of the highest ${\beta}$-galactoside hydrolysis activity, and the crude lactase was prepared for examination of reaction conditions to affect the GOS synthesis. Lactase activity was measured with a spectrophotometer using ONPG (o-nitropheyl ${\beta}$-D-galactopyranoside) method. Lactase activity was not detected in the culture supernatant and was mostly present in the cell pellet after centrifugation. Activity of the crude lactase preparation ranges from102 to 1,053 units/mL, with the highest activity determined for L. paracasei YSM0308. Optimal conditions for GOS synthesis are as follows: concentration of whey powder, pH, temperature, and time were 30%, pH 6.5-7.0, $30^{\circ}C$, and 4 h, respectively. The final GOS concentration was 19.41% (w/v) by the crude YSM0308 lactase, which was obtained from strain YSM0308 grown in the 10% (w/v) reconstituted whey-based medium.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.163-174
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• 2009

Reactive oxygen species(ROS) can induce hepatotoxicity and trigger apoptosis in the liver. In this study, we investigated the sulfated polysaccharide A-1 from Opuntia ficus-indica against alcoholic oxidative stress in human liver Hep G2 cell. An antioxidant substance A-1 obtained from the enzymatic extract of Opuntia ficus-indica fruit was purified by DEAE-cellulose ion exchange and sephadex G-100 gel permeation chromatography. The purification yield and molecular weight were 14.3% and 1.8 KDa, respectively. The A-1 predominately contained arabinose, galactose, rhamnose and also sulfate group. The structure of A-1 was investigated by periodate oxidation, FT-IR spectroscopy, $^1H$-NMR spectroscopy. The A-1 mainly composed of alternating unit of ${\rightarrow}4$)-$\alpha$-L- Rapp-2-$SO_3^-$-$\alpha$-L-Galp-($1{\rightarrow}$ and branched linkage of $\beta$-D-Arbp- ($5{\rightarrow}$. The antioxidative activity was measured using the SOD, CAT activity and GSH assay, respectively. The expression of Nrf2 protein was analyzed by western blotting. The viable cell count analyzed by autofluorescence. Oxidative stress induced by ethanol(1 M) were dramatically reduced by A-1 treatment. A-1 also prevented cell death induced by oxidative stress. It also increased expression Nrf2 protein level. We concluded that sulfated polysaccharide A-1 from Opuntia ficus-indica effectively protect Hep G2 liver cell from alcoholic oxidative stress.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권7호
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• pp.1052-1060
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• 2018

Numerous studies suggest that the effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on oxidative stress in vivo are correlated with their antioxidative activities in vitro; however, the relationship is still unclear and contradictory. The antioxidative activities of 27 Lactobacillus plantarum strains isolated from fermented foods were determined in terms of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, hydroxyl radical, and superoxide radical scavenging abilities, reducing activity, resistance to hydrogen peroxide, and ferrous chelating ability in vitro. Two fuzzy synthetic evaluation models, one with an analytic hierarchy process and one using entropy weight, were then used to evaluate the overall antioxidative abilities of these L. plantarum strains. Although there was some difference between the two models, the highest scoring strain (CCFM10), the middle scoring strain (CCFM242), and the lowest scoring strain (RS15-3) were obtained with both models. Examination of the antioxidative abilities of these three strains in $\text\tiny{D}$-galactose-induced oxidative stress mice demonstrated that their overall antioxidative abilities in vitro could reveal the abilities to alleviate oxidative stress in vivo. The current study suggests that assessment of overall antioxidative abilities with fuzzy synthetic models can guide the evaluation of probiotic antioxidants. It might be a more quick and effective method to evaluate the overall antioxidative abilities of LAB.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.928-934
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• 2007

Physiochemical properties, such as yield and molecular weight distribution of polysaccharide fractions, of polysaccharides in the enzymatic hydrolysates of purslane were investigated and characterized. A higher amount of micro nutrients, such as potassium (9,413 mg/100 g), phosphorus acid (539 mg/100 g), leucine, alanine, lysine, valine, glycine, and isoleucine, was present in whole purslane. The yield of water soluble polysaccharides (WSP) was 0.29, 7.01, and 7.94% when extracted using room temperature water (RTW), hot-water (HW), and hot temperature/high pressure-water (HTPW), respectively, indicating that HW or HTPW extraction may be effective to obtain WSP from purslane. The average ratio of L-arabinose:D-galactose in the WSP was 37:49, 34:37, and 27:29, when extracted using RTW, HW, and HTPW, respectively. These results indicate that water was a suitable extraction solvent for preparation of the arabinogalactan component of whole purslane. A higher yield and total carbohydrate content was obtained by using Viscozyme L instead of Pectinex 5XL during extraction of the WSP, which indicates that enzymatic treatment of purslane may be an effective method to control the Mw of polysaccharides. Finally, it was confirmed that Viscozyme L is a suitable enzyme for the hydrolysis and separation of polysaccharides obtained from purslane.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.456-463
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• 1991

Bif. longum KCTC 3215에 의한 Beta-galactosidase의 최적생성조건은 탄소원으로 lactose 1.0, 초기 pH 7.0, 배양온도 $37^{\circ}C$ 및 배양시간 17시간 후였다. 이 효소는 protamine sulfate, ammonium sulfate, DEAE-Sephadex A-50 ion exchange chromatography 및 Sephadex G-150 gel filtration 등 4단계 정제과정을 거쳐 9.25배 정제되었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.1269-1274
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• 1997

국내에서 재배된 Aloe vera에서 생리활성 물질인 acetylmannan을 분리 하고 그 제반의 특성을 규명하고 ACE저해효과 및 동력학적분석을 행한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 알로에 베라 3.5 Kg으로 부터 에탄올에 불용성 다당체를 수득, 백색의 분말형태인 0.9 g의 acetylmannan을 얻었다. 분리한 acetylmannan은 탄수화물 67%를 함유하고 있으며 만노오즈는 60% 소량의 글루코오즈와 갈락토오즈로 이루어져 있고 아세틸기는 23%를 함유하고 있으며 acetyl group은 IR 스펙트럼에서 $1746\;cm^{-1}$, $1244\;cm^{-1}$ peak으로서 확인하였다. 과요오드 산화법에서 과요오드 음이온 소비량이 포름산 생성량에 비해 많고, 1, 4 글리코사이드 결합으로 이루어져 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 ACE에 대한 $IC_{-50}$ 값은 0.58 mM 이였으며, competitive 저해형식을 나타내었고. Ki 값은 0.068 mM 이였다.