• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.342-348
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• 2015

This paper presents a 1.9-GHz digital ${{\Delta}{\Sigma}}$ fractional-N PLL with a finite impulse response (FIR) filter embedded for noise suppression. The proposed digital implementation of FIR provides a simple method of increasing the number of taps without complicated calculation for gain matching. This work demonstrates 32 tap FIR filtering for the first time and successfully filtered the in-band phase noise generated from delta-sigma modulator (DSM). Design considerations are also addressed to find the optimum number of taps when the resolution of time-to-digital converter (TDC) is given. The PLL, fabricated in $0.11-{\mu}m$ CMOS, achieves a well-regulated in-band phase noise of less than -100 dBc/Hz for the entire range inside the bandwidth of 3 MHz. Compared with the conventional dual-modulus division, the proposed PLL shows an overall noise suppression of about 15dB both at in-band and out-of-band region.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.218-227
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• 2022

Glycosylation of aesculetin was performed using amylosucrase from the hyperthermophilic bacterium Deinococcus geothermalis DSM 11300 to improve the solubility and biological activity of aesculetin. A newly synthesized aesculetin glycoside was identified as α-cichoriin (aesculetin 7-α-D-glucoside) by nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. The solubility of α-cichoriin was 11 times higher than that of aesculetin because of the attached glucose moiety. Aesculetin and α-cichoriin had no significant effect on the proliferation of normal cells, such as RAW 264.7, but they showed a cell proliferation inhibitory effect on B16F10 melanoma cells. Unlike treatment with aesculetin and α-cichoriin, aesculin (aesculetin 6-β-D-glucoside) showed no antiproliferative activity in B16F10 cells. Based on the molecular structures of aesculin and α-cichoriin, the position where glucose binds to aesculetin and the anomeric configuration between glucose and aesculetin are thought to be important for exerting an antiproliferative effect on the B16F10 cell line. Based on these results, we propose that α-cichoriin, the α-glycosylated form of aesculetin, may serve as a model for developing phytochemical analogs with therapeutic potential for the treatment of diseases associated with tumor cell proliferation without cytotoxicity to normal cells.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제26권3D호
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• pp.527-534
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 2005년 4월 강원도지역의 대규모 산불로 인해 발생한 산림피해면적과 그에 따른 피해액 산정을 목적으로 하였다. 정확한 산림피해액의 산정을 위해서는 정확한 피해지역의 분류, 수고 의 결정이 중요하며, 이를 위해 SPOT-4 위성 영상을 이용하여 산불피해가 발생한 지역의 면적을 계산하고, 항공 및 지상 LiDAR 자료를 활용하여 수고모델을 생성하였다. 수고모델로부터 나무의 높이값을 결정하고, 임상도로부터 피해지역내 수종, 밀도를 추출함으로서 임분재적을 계산하였으며, 2005년 4월 고시된 입목가격을 기준으로 산림피해액을 산정하였다.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.162-169
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• 1996

An association study with korean schizophrenic patients(N=75) and normal controls(N=87) was performed to find the relationship between D6S274 polymorphism and schizophrenia using polymerase chain reaction. Nine different alleles of a dinucleotide polymorphism on D6S273 locus were observed in both group. When we compared the frequencies of alleles between schizophrenics and normal controls, there was no significant difference between two groups. To increase homogeneity of schizophrenic group, we divided schizophrenic group by clinical phenotypes such as DSM-IV diagnostic subtype, family history, negative and positive symptoms(PANSS), soft neurologic signs(NES-K). Then we compared the frequencies of alleles among subgroups of clinical phenotypes. there was only significant difference between two subgroups on soft neurologic signs(p<0.05). Although our findings fail to provide on evidence of association between schizophrenia and D6S274 locus, follow-up investigation of this locus may be needed in homogeneous subtypes of schizophrenia and schizophrenic pedigrees.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권7호
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• pp.1126-1137
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• 2020

Objective: Pellet durability, particle size distribution, growth response, tibia bone characteristics and energy retention were measured to evaluate cassava as an alternative energy source to replace maize in broiler diets with or without Ronozyme (A+VP) enzyme composites. Methods: A total of 480 one-day broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 8 treatments in a 4×2 factorial arrangement. Four levels of cassava: (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%) and 2 levels of enzymes (0 and 500 g/tonne) were used. Each treatment was replicated six times, with ten birds per replicate. Results: The particle size distribution in the diets showed an increasing trend of small particles with increase in cassava level. Pellet durability decreased (p<0.05) with cassava inclusion. Feed intake was highest in birds fed diets with medium cassava level at 1 to 24 d and 1 to 35 d of age. The body weight gain of birds reduced (p<0.037) as cassava level increased, but it increased (p<0.017 when enzymes were added. The feed conversion ratio was high (p<0.05) when cassava level was increased, but it reduced (p<0.05) when enzymes were added. The dressing percentage (DP), and weight of drumsticks reduced (p<0.05) with increasing cassava level. Enzyme supplementation increased (p<0.05) DP, and weight of breast, thighs and drumsticks. Ash content, weight, length, width, and bone strength decreased (p<0.05) when cassava level was increased, however, they were increased with enzyme addition. The contents of Ca, K, and Zn were raised (p<0.001) with increasing cassava level. Enzyme inclusion increased (p<0.001) all mineral contents in tibia bones. Body fat and energy retained as fat decreased (p<0.001) as cassava level increased. Enzyme inclusion increased (p<0.05) body protein content and energy retained as protein. Conclusion: Although broiler performance was depressed by high levels of cassava inclusion, it was not affected by low levels, which further improved by enzyme supplementation.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제29권2D호
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• pp.311-318
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• 2009

최근 지형 정보의 시각화 기술은 GIS 응용분야는 물론 게임, 가상현실, 항공 시뮬레이션 및 군사적인 목적 등을 실현하기 위한 중요한 기술로 부각되고 있다(유병현 2002). 그러나 대용량 지형 데이터를 실시간으로 처리하여 시각화를 구현하기 위한 메모리 한계성의 극복은 아직도 과제로 남아있다. 본 연구에서는 대규모 지형 표현을 위해 파일 기반의 효율적인 실시간 LOD (level-of-detail) 알고리즘 개발을 수행하였다. 실시간 LOD 알고리즘은 대규모 지형 데이터를 가시화하는데 필요한 기하학적 연산 처리를 가능하게 한다. 본 연구에서는 수치지도의 등고선이나 LiDAR, DTM, DSM 등으로부터 취득된 대용량 DEM의 가시화를 위해 계층적인 $4{\times}4$ 또는 $2{\times}2$ 타일 구조를 선택하였다. 또한 정규화된 Giga Byte급 고도데이터는 사용자 중심적 지형 정보의 원활하고 사실감 있는 표현이 될 수 있도록 고도데이터를 활용한 음영기복도를 생성하여 비메모리 방식의 계층적 타일 구조로 생성된 지형 블록에 Texture Mapping 하여 지형 가시화를 수행하였다. 대용량 데이터는 실시간 가시화를 위해 지형 데이터를 다양한 상세도를 가지는 데이터로 변형하여 이를 계층적으로 상호 연결함으로서 데이터의 손실이 최소화되며, 프레임 속도를 극대화하였고, 또한 사용자 시점에 따라 상세도 변화가 끊김없이(seamless) 고품질로 표현되도록 하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.372-377
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• 2016

The objectives of the trial were to investigate the effects of supplementing vitamin E (VE) on nutrient digestion, nitrogen (N) retention and plasma parameters of beef cattle in feedlot. Four growing Simmental bulls, fed with a total mixed ration composed of corn silage and concentrate mixture as basal ration, were used as the experimental animals. Four levels of VE product, i.e. 0, 150, 300, 600 mg/head/d (equivalent to 0, 75, 150, 300 IU VE/head/d), were supplemented to the basal ration (VE content 38 IU/kg dry matter) in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design as experimental treatments I, II, III and IV, respectively. Each experimental period lasted 15 days, of which the first 12 days were for pretreatment and the last 3 days for sampling. The results showed that supplementing VE did not affect the nutrient digestibility (p>0.05) whereas decreased the urinary N excretion (p<0.01), increased the N retention (p<0.05) and tended to increase the microbial N supply estimated based on the total urinary purine derivatives (p = 0.057). Supplementing VE increased the plasma concentrations of VE, glucose and triglycerol (TG) (p<0.05) and tended to increase the plasma concentration of total protein (p = 0.096) whereas did not affect the plasma antioxidant indices and other parameters (p>0.05). It was concluded that supplementing VE up to 300 IU/head/d did not affect the nutrient digestibility whereas supplementing VE at 150 or 300 IU/head/d increased the N retention and the plasma concentrations of VE and TG (p<0.05) of beef cattle.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2002년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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• pp.516-516
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• 2002

With the wide usage of LiDAR data and high-resolution satellite image, 3D modeling of buildings in urban areas has become an important research topic in the photogrammetry and computer vision field for many years. However the previous modeling has its limitations of merely texturing the image to the DSM surface of the study area and does not represent the relief of building surfaces. This study is focused on presenting a system of realistic 3D building modeling from consecutive stereo image sequences using digital camera. Generally when acquiring images through camera, various parameters such as zooming, focus, and attitude are necessary to extract accurate results, which in certain cases, some parameters have to be rectified. It is, however, not always possible or practical to precisely estimate or rectify the information of camera positions or attitudes. In this research, we constructed the collinearity condition of stereo images through extracting the distinctive points from stereo image sequence. In addition, we executed image matching with Graph Cut method, which has a very high accuracy. This system successfully performed the realistic modeling of building with a good visual quality. From the study, we concluded that 3D building modeling of city area could be acquired more realistically.

• Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.415-421
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• 2018

Objective: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairment in social skills and communication with repetitive behaviors. Etiology is still unclear although it is thought to develop with interaction of genes and environmental factors. Oxytocin has extensive effects on intrauterine brain development. Vitamin D, affects neural development and differentiation and contributes to the regulation of around 900 genes including oxytocin receptor gene. In the present study, the contribution of D vitamin receptor and oxytocin receptor gene polymorphisms in the development of ASD in Turkish community was investigated. To our knowledge, this is the first study examining these two associated genes together in the literature. Methods: Eighty-five patients diagnosed with ASD according to DSM-5 who were referred to outpatient clinics of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry of Başkent University and Mersin University and 52 healthy, age and gender-matched controls were included in the present study. Vitamin D receptor gene rs731236 (Taq1), rs2228570 (Fok1), rs1544410 (Bsm1), rs7975232 (Apa1) polymorphisms and oxytocin receptor gene rs1042778 and rs2268493 polymorphisms were investigated using real time polymerase chain reaction method. Results: No significant difference between groups in terms of distribution of genotype and alleles in each of polymorphisms for these genes could be found. Conclusion: Knowledge of genes and polymorphisms associated with the development of ASD may be beneficial for early diagnosis and future treatment. Further studies with larger populations are required to demonstrate molecular pathways which may play part in the development of ASD in Turkey.

• 지질공학
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.547-558
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• 2022

2020년 8월 집중호우로 인하여 전라남도 곡성지역에 토석류가 발생하여 5명이 사망하는 재난이 발생하였다. 이 지역을 대상으로 하여 사진 측량을 통해 0.03 m의 고해상도 지형정보를 구축하고 토사의 붕괴량을 측정하였다. 또한 Flo-2D를 이용하여 토석류의 유량과 지형정보의 차이에 따라 유동심, 유속, 확산면적에 대하여 민감도 분석을 수행하였다. 유량이 높아질수록 토석류의 유동심, 유속, 확산면적이 높아지며 고해상도 지형정보와 저해상도 지형정보와의 결과 차이도 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고, 고해상도의 지형정보를 적용하였을 때 실제의 토석류 흐름방향과 유사하게 계산되어 고해상도 지형정보의 적용이 토석류 해석 결과의 정확성을 높이는 결과를 정량적으로 분석하였다. 추가로 항복응력과 점성과 같은 지질정보에 대해 고려하면 전반적으로 실제 토석류의 확산 정보보다 작게 계산된 결과를 보완할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.