• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2013

The cladoceran Daphniamagna has been used as an aquatic test species in aquatic toxicology. To evaluate the aquatic toxicity of leachate from concrete, the immobilization of D. magna was observed after treatment of various concentrations of leachate specimens. Reliabilities of the culture condition and the experimental protocol for acute toxicity test were successfully achieved from the standard toxicity test. The leachates were prepared from the mixture of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and pozzolanic admixtures, Pulverised fuel ash (PFA), Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and GGBS containing loess. Acute toxicity test showed 100% immobilization of D. magna for OPC or PFA. The leachates from OPC or PFA had high pH 10 to 12. However, GGBS and GGBS containing loess showed less toxicity according to the concentrations. Especially, immobilization was not observed at the concentrations below 12.5% of GGBS containing loess. Also the range of pH for these specimens was 8 to 9. This suggested that the use of loess as the admixture in concrete may be useful to reduce eco-toxicity of leachates from concrete. This our study provided the harmfulness of the alkali leaching from concrete in aquatic environment and the usefulness of D. magna to evaluate the toxicity of leachates from concrete.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.11D no.4
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• pp.765-774
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• 2004

In order to integrate heterogeneous biological information sources, it is necessary to define the view that represents unified viewpoint for the multiple sources by hiding heterogeneity of the data. We present an XML-based view definition model and show Its operating principles in designing the middleware system to integrate biological information sources. This model supports the user-defined XML view to increase flexibility in constructing the integration system and execute integrated queries on higher level ion. Based on the view-definition model, we present a wrapping model for relational database systems and web resources as well as an application program.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 2002

Background: CTLA-4 (Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte associated Antigen 4, CD152) has been known as a homologue of CD28, an accessory molecule providing a key costimulatory signal for successful antigen-driven activations of T lymphocyte. Most of biochemical and cell biological characteristics of the CD152 protein remain unknown while those of CD28 have been characterized in detail. Methods: In this study CD152 expression in both $CD4^+$ and $CD8^+$ PBLs was studied by using flow cytometry. And intracellular CD152 multiprotein complex was purified and used for generating antibodies recognizing proteins composing of intracellular CTLA-4 multi protein complex. Results: Level of surface expression of this molecule was peaked at 2 days of PHA stimulation in flow cytometric analysis. 40~45% of PHA blast cells were $CD152^+$ in both of two subsets at this stage and the level of expression were equivalent in both two subsets. Contrary to this surface expression, intracellular expression was peaked at day 3 and it was preferentially induced in $CD8^+$ cells and about 60% of $CD8^+$ cells were $CD152^+$ at this stage. High molecular weight (>350 kD) intacellular CD152 protein complex purified by using preparative electrophoresis were immunized into rabbits and then 3 different anti-P34PC4, anti-P34PC7 and anti-P34PC8 antibodies were obtained. Using these 3 antibodies two unknown antigens associated with intracellular CD152 multiprotein complex were found and their molecular weights were 54 kD and 75 kD, respectively. Among these, the former was present as 110 kD homodimer in non-reducing condition. Conclusion: It seemed that 34 kD intracellular CD152 molecule forms high molecular weight multiprotein complex at least with 2 proteins of 75 kD monomer and 110 kD homodimer.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.343-346
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• 1983

This paper was prepared to characterize a physico-chemical and mineralogical examination on blast furnace slag as a source of silicate fertilizer, which was quenched with high pressure water stream in process of iron refinery at Pohang Iron and Steel Manufacturing Inc. Quenched slag was more coarse in particle size compared to present commercial silicate fertilizer milled from air-cooled slag and mostly generated in size of 1 to 2 mm. The total chemical composition of quenched and air-cooled slags was same but mineralogical composition was quite different. The former was composed of amorphous materials resulting in more soluble silica content, however, the latter contained dominantly crystalline minerals such as akermanite, gehlenite and wollastonite which meant less soluble ones. Latent cementing property and angular surface of gain of the slag made it difficult to apply the slag directly, however, it could be used as a source of silicate fertilizer and soil ammendment.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.5_6
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• pp.19-26
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• 1968

Results obtained from the observation of 1,000 matured resting conidia of Pyricularia oryzae CAV. were as fellows. The percentage of a condium conitaining was 95.5, while that of a multinucleate conidium was 4.5. Formation of the three-celled mature conidium containing a nucleus in each cell, which was derived from the immatured conidium, could be recognized. Chromosomes could be observed in the conidium when the nuclear division took place. The number of chromosomes was n=3, 4, 5 or 6 but rile majority was 5. The nucleus was moved into the germ-tube from the conidium by following ways: (a) a resting nucleus divided into two nuclei in the conidium and one of them was moved into the germ-tube. The other nucleus remained in the conidium (43 per cent): (b) a nucleus was moved into the germ-tube from the conidium without nuclear division (57 Per cent). The appressorium without a nucleus was abundantly observed when stain was made. However, tile number of a mononucleate appressorium was 476 out of 500 appressoria which had nuclear sap. On the ground of this experiment, we could support the conidium of blast fungus contained mononucleus and also homokaryon seemed to b: appealed on the conidia even though those were multilocular. As the results, it could be concluded that use of inoculum derived from single spore isolate was reasonable for any experiments in the rice blast fungus.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.26-35
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• 2019

In designing a gravity-type anchorage of earth-anchored suspension bridge, the contact friction between a blasted rock mass and the concrete anchorage plays a key role in the stability of the entire anchorage. Therefore, it is vital to understand the shear behavior of the interface between the blasted rock mass and concrete. In this study, a portable 3D LiDAR scanner was utilized to scan the blasted bottom surfaces, and rock surface roughness was quantitatively analyzed from the scanned profiles to apply to 3D FEM modelling. In addition, based on the 3D FEM model, a three-dimensional dynamic fracture process analysis (DFPA-3D) technique was applied to study on the shear behavior of the interface between blasted rock and concrete through direct shear tests, which was analyzed under constant normal load (CNL). The effects of normal stress and the joint roughness on shear failure behavior are also analyzed.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.267-271
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• 2015

Significant differences in annual precipitates on Jeju island have been reported depending on the location. We collected soil samples from east and west areas of Jeju Island to identify yeasts by plating on yeast peptone dextrose plates and subsequent analysis for the polymerase chain reaction amplified D1/D2 region of 26S rDNA of colonies. As a result, 20 yeast strains of 12 species were isolated from 7 different sampling sites in east area and 13 yeast strains of 6 species from 5 different sampling sites in west area. Some differences in yeast flora were observed depending on the sample collection sites having different annual precipitates.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.375-380
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• 2010

In this study, physical properties of cement blended with Finex-slag powder(OPC-FS) were investigated by the measurement of flowability, compressive strength, hydration heat, and $Ca(OH)_2$ content. In addition, those properties of the cement blended with blast furnace slag(OPC-BFS) were also measured for comparison. It was found that OPC-FS and OPC-BFS showed similar trend in the rheological properties. In the blended cement pastes with the $4,000\;cm^2/g$ Blaine value the flowability of OPCFS was better than that of OPC-BFS. The initial 3 day mortar compressive strength and the hydration heat of paste of OPC-FS was a bit higher, compared with OPC-BFS. Accordingly $Ca(OH)_2$ produced in the cement hydration was decreased very rapidly.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.253-270
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• 2013

This paper concerns the effect of orientation and geometric characteristics of a fracture zone on the tunnel behavior using a numerical investigation. A parametric study was executed on a number of drill and blast tunnelling cases representing different fracture and tunnelling conditions using two and three dimensional finite element analyses. The variables considered include the strike and dip angle of fracture zone relative to the longitudinal tunnel axis, the width and the clearance of the fracture zone, the tunnel depth, and the initial lateral stress coefficient. The results of the analyses were examined in terms of the tunnel deformation including crown settlement, convergence, and invert heave as well as shotcrete lining stresses. The results indicate that the tunnel deformation as well as the shotcrete lining stress are strongly influenced by the orientation of the fracture zone, and that such a trend becomes more pronounced for tunnels with greater depths.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.81-93
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• 1990

The blasting to construct subways in Seoul, Korea. have often increased complaints of ground vibration. In order to prevent the damage to structures, it was necessary to predict the level of blasting induced vibration and to determine the maximum charge weight per delay within a allowable vibration level. A total of 109 blasts were recorded at ten sites. Blast-to-structure distances ranged from 8 to 84.2 meter, where charge weight varied from 0,1125 to 7.85 kg per delay. The data from blast were studied to determine the effect of explosives type on the vibration constants(k). Vibration constants were also analyzed in terms of compressive strength of rock and blasting patterns.