• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.8-19
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• 2008

목적 : 본 연구에서는 인체 뇌 대사물질에 대하여 2D MR 기술인 correlation spectroscopy (COSY) 와 nuclear Overhauser effect/enhancement spectroscopy (NOESY)를 직접 적용하고, 데이터를 획득하여 인체 뇌대사물질들간의 스칼라 짝지움 (coupling)과 쌍극자 (dipolar) 상호작용- NOE에 대한 분석을 통하여 결합연결관계 및 공간연결관계에 대한 정보를 획득하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 모든 2-D (dimensional) MR 실험 (즉, COSY와 NOESY)은 z축 능동차폐 펄스경사자장, 삼중공명 동결탐침기가 장착된 Bruker Avance 500 (11.8 T) 장비에서 298 K에 수행되었다. MRS상에서 뇌 대사물질과 유사하도록만든 희석액을 만들었고, 최종 MRS 샘플은 10% $D_2O$를 이용하였다. 2-D 스펙트라는 2048 복합 (complex) 데이터 포인트로서 총 320개 의 free induction decay (FID)를 평균화 (averaging)하였고, $H_2O$에서 얻어진 스펙트라는 8012 Hz 였다. 반복지연 (repetition delay) 시간은 2초, 각각의 FID는 4개의 평균화를 선택하였다. 얻어진 2D-COSY, 2D-NOESY 데이터는 Top Spin 2.0 소프트웨어에서 후 처리기법 (post-processing)에 의해 분석되었다. 분석 대상 대사물질은 N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), creatine (Cr), choline (Cho), glutamine (Gln), glutamate (Glu), myo-inositol (Ins), lactate (Lac)로서 총 7 가지 화학물로서 주요 목표 피크로 정했다. 결과 : 인체 뇌 대사물질에 대한 대칭형태의 2D-COSY와 2D-NOESY 스펙트럼을 획득하였고, COSY 스펙트럼상에서는 오직 1.0-4.5 ppm 사이에서만 교차피크들이 생성된 반면 NOESY 스펙트럼상에서는 1.0-4.5 ppm 외에도 7.9 ppm에서 공명 교차피크를 발견할 수 있었다. COSY 스펙트럼을 통하여 lactate에서 메틸 프로톤과 CH 프로톤의 COSY 크로스피크가 발견되었고, NAA에서 메틸렌 프로톤들간과 메틸렌 프로톤과 NH프로톤의 크로스피크가 발견되었고, Ins에서 CH 프로톤 들간의 크로스피크가 발견되었다. NOESY 스펙트럼을 통하여 NAA 분자내 NH 프로톤과 메틸 (-CH3) 프로톤과의 NOESY 크로스피크가 발견되었고, lactate에서 메틸 프로톤과 CH 프로톤과의 크로스피크가 발견되었고, Cr에서 메틸 프로톤과 메틸렌 프로톤과의 크로스피크가 발견되었고, Glu에서 메틸렌 프로톤 들간과 또한 메틸렌 프로톤과 CH 프로톤과의 크로스피크가 발견되었고, Gln에서 메틸렌 프로톤과 CH 프로톤과의 크로스피크가 발견되었고, Ins에서 CH 프로톤 들간의 크로스피크가 발견되었다. 결론 : 본 연구에서는 in vitro 상태의 인체 뇌 대사물질에 2D-COSY와 2D-NOESY 기술을 직접 적용하고, 결합연결관계 및 공간연결관계에 대한 정보를 성공적으로 획득하여 분석하여 보았다. 본 연구 결과물은 향후 인체 내 in vivo 2D-COSY를 이용한 뇌 대사물질 연구에 매우 유용하리라 사료된다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.221-227
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• 1980

포도당을 포함한 생장 배지속에 L-사과산을 첨가하면 Leuconostoc oenos균들의 생장률을 크게 촉진 시켰다. L-사과산은 동시에 C-젖산탈수소 효소(D-LDH)의 합성과 활성도를 촉진시켜 포도당에서 D-젖산의 생산을 빠르게 하였다. L-사과산 존재 하에서 이렇게 빨라진 포도당의 이용이 leuconostoc 균들의 생장률을 촉진시키는 것 같다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.247-257
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• 2014

새로운 베지클인 glyceryl citrate/ lactate/ linoleate/ oleate를 이용한 수중유형 형태의 아스타잔틴 나노에멀젼에 대해 항산화 효과, 세포 생존력, 단백질과 관련한 효소의 영향, 피부 침투도 그리고 피부에 대한 보습 및 탄력 등의 약용화장품적인 측면에서의 전반적 연구를 실시하였다. 항산화력 및 세포 생존력에 대해선 각각 DPPH법과 MMT assay를 이용하여 측정하였다. 아스타잔틴 나노에멀젼에 대한 또 다른 성질은 2D-Page를 이용한 단백질 분석 및 컨포칼, in-vivo 테스트를 통해 측정하였다. 본 연구를 통해, 아스타잔틴을 포함하는 나노에멀젼은 MMP발현에 관련한 단백질 억제 및 세포외 기질의 분해를 막고 라디칼의 소거에 매우 우수한 결과를 보였다. 종전의 레시친을 이용한 나노에멀젼 보다는 새로운 베지클을 이용한 아스타잔틴 나노에멀젼의 피부 침투가 매우 효과적임을 CLSM을 통해 측정하였다. 또한 28일 동안의 한국 성인 여성 11명을 통한 보습 및 탄력 인비보 테스트에서 우수한 효과를 확인할 수 있었다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.277-281
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• 1996

To evaluate the renal toxicity of the antitumor agent, 5-(piperidonomethylphenyl)-2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1-a]isoquinoline (SDZ-62-434), rats were treated with SDZ-62-434 of 50 mg/Kg, i.p., once and 10 mg/Kg, i.p., daily for 7 days. The kidney weights and urine volume after and during the treatment were observed. The concentrations of urinary creatinine, protein, and the activities of N-acetyl-$\beta $D-glucosaminidase (NAG), alanine aminopeptidase (AAP), $\gamma$-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in 24 hr urine were also determined. The kidney weights after acute and subacute administration was not affected. The urine excretions were increased 5 days after the acute administration and increased after the daily 3rd day-administration. The excretion of creatinine was similar as that of urine excretion. The excretion of creatinine was increased 5 days after the acute and subacute administration. However, the protein excretion didn't changed in both treatment. Those indicate that SDZ-62-434 might induce the diuresis and also suggest that diuresis might be due to the some metabolites rather than the compound itself. The urinary activities of NAG and LDH were not affected after the acute treatment. However, the urinary activities of AAP and GGT were slightly increased 3 days after the acute administration but, returned to the control value. In subacute treatment, the activities of GGT was not changed. And the activities of NAG were declined after the 7th day-administration. However, the activities of AAP were significantly increased after the 5th day-administration. Furthermore, the urinary activities of LDH were continuously increased during the subacute administration. These results indicate that the high and subacute administration might induce a weak damage on the kidney cells. Furtherrnore, the present results suggest that SDZ-62-434 might have relatively slow-emerging and mild toxicity to the kidney.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.511-520
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of increased levels of eugenol, thymol and malate on pH and the concentrations of VFA, lactate and ammonia-N during in vitro ruminal incubation. One Hanwoo beef steer (741 kg) fitted with a rumen cannula was used and fed 0.5 kg/day rice straw and 10 kg/day corn-based concentrate (ratio of concentrate to rice straw = 95 : 5 on DM basis). Three different doses of thymol, eugenol and malate were used. Treatments of the experiment were as follows: Treatments of thymol were control (1g D-glucose/40ml), T1 (1g D-glucose + 40 mg thymol/40 ml), T2 (1g D-glucose + 50 mg thymol/40 ml) and T3 (1g D-glucose + 60 mg thymol/40 ml). Treatments of eugenol were control (1g D-glucose/40 ml), E1 (1g D-glucose + 55 mg eugenol/40 ml), E2 (1g D-glucose + 65 mg eugenol/40 ml) and E3 (1g D-glucose + 75 mg eugenol/40 ml). Treatments of malate were control (1g D-glucose/40ml), M1 (1g D-glucose + 25 mg malate/40ml), M2 (1g D-glucose + 50 mg malate/40 ml) and M3 (1g D-glucose + 100 mg malate/40 ml). The results of this study showed that eugenol and thymol have improved stability of the ruminal fermentation by decreasing lactic acid concentration and increasing ruminal pH. However, it inhibited the production of total VFA, acetate and propionate. Malate also improved stability of the ruminal fermentation by decreasing lactic acid concentration and increasing ruminal pH, but it had a very little effect on ruminal lactate concentrations and pH. On the other hand, malate did not decrease the concentrations of total VFA, acetate and propionate. Therefore, at the low ruminal pH expected in high-concentrate diets, thymol, eugenol, and malate are potentially useful in Hanwoo finishing diets. Further studies are necessary for determining the effectiveness of these additives on in vivo rumen fermentation and animal performance in Hanwoo finishing steers.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.134-142
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• 2013

The effect of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP; 30% $CO_2$+70% $N_2$ or 100% $N_2$) and an additive mixture (500 ppm rosemary extract, 3,000 ppm sodium acetate and 1,500 ppm calcium lactate) on the quality of pre-cooked hamburger patties during storage at $5^{\circ}C$ for 14 d was evaluated. The addition of the additive mixture reduced aerobic and anaerobic bacteria counts in both 30% $CO_2$-MAP (30% $CO_2$+70% $N_2$) and 100% $N_2$-MAP (p<0.05). The 30% $CO_2$-MAP was more effective to suppress the microbial growth than 100% $N_2$-MAP, moreover the 30% $CO_2$-MAP combined with additive mixture resulted in the lowest bacterial counts. The hamburger patties with additive mixture showed lower CIE $L^*$ and CIE $a^*$, and higher CIE $b^*$ than those with no additive mixture. The 30% $CO_2$-MAP tended to decrease the TBARS during storage regardless of the addition of additives. The use of 30% $CO_2$-MAP in combination with additives mixture was effective for maintaining the quality and extending the shelf-life of pre-cooked hamburger patties.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.46-52
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• 2002

As a functional additive for intestinal microflora, panose ($6^2-{\alpha}$-D-glucopyranosylmaltose) was synthesized during kimchi fermentation using the glucose transferring reaction of glucansucrase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides. For the glucose transferring reaction, sucrose and maltose were added ($2\%$ each, w/v) to dongchimi-kimchi as the glucosyl donor and acceptor molecule, respectively. After five days of incubation at $10^{\circ}C$, referring to the initial phase for the production of lactic acid in kimchi, over $60\%$ (w/v) of the total sugars were converted into panose and other branched oligosaccharides. Thereafter, the kimchi was stored at $4^{\circ}C$ and the amount of panose remained at a constant level for three weeks, thereby indicating the stability of panose to microbial degradation during the period of kimchi consumption. The use of maltose as the acceptor molecule in the kimchi also facilitated a lower viscosity in the kimchi-juice by preventing the synthesis of a dextran-like polymer which caused an unfavorable taste. Accordingly, the application of this new method of simultaneous biocatalytic synthesis of oligosaccharides during lactate fermentation should facilitate the extensive development of new function-added lactate foods.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.1670-1674
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• 2001

To understand molecular mechanisms that regulate deposition and release of intramuscular fat, a fasting-induced clone was identified by differential screening from cDNA library of adipose tissues of Korean cattle. The clone had a total length of 1,319 nucleotides coding for 334 amino acids. It was identified as one encoding L-lactate dehydrogenase H chain (LDH-B). Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of bovine LDH-B with those of pig, human, rat, and mouse showed 98%, 98%, 97%, and 96% identity, respectively. Food deprivation for 48 h increased mRNA levels of LDH-B gene in adipose tissues of Korean cattle compared to fed- and 6 h refed- tissues. The expression of obese mRNA was examined for individual adipose tissue from several fat depots. Fasting induced expression of LDH-B gene in subcutaneous adipose tissues, but it did not affect expression levels in abdominal, perirenal and intramuscular tissues. Results demonstrate that induction of LDH-B gene during fasting may represent a metabolic shift from anaerobic state to aerobic predominance in fasted adipose tissues and that its responses to fasting are different among several adipose tissues.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.131-137
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• 2013

The inhibitory effect of citrus peel extract, onion peel extract, calcium lactate and phosvitin on microbial growth was investigated in seasoned chicken breast meat during aerobic storage at $4^{\circ}C$, $10^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$. Citrus peel and onion peel extract significantly improved (p<0.05) the microbial quality of the sample by reducing the initial counts of the microbial flora compared to control and other two treatments. Data clearly revealed that the counts of the total aerobic bacteria significantly increased with the increase in storage temperature. The shelf life of all samples stored under $20^{\circ}C$ was less than 6 days, while the shelf life of citrus and onion treatment can be extended more than 9 days at $4^{\circ}C$ and more than 6 days at $10^{\circ}C$ in aerobic storage condition. These results indicated that citrus and onion peel extracts are efficient treatment methods to prevent microbial spoilage of seasoned chicken products during storage at $4^{\circ}C$. However, there was an adverse effect of addition of citrus and onion peel extract on several sensory attributes which need to be improved by reformulation of seasoning.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.68-74
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• 2022

HemoHIM was used as a Korean traditional medicine for anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, there is no study on the effect of HemoHIM on fatigue. We examined the potential use of HemoHIM to determine whether it can induce anti-fatigue effects. Mice were administered with HemoHIM and VEH for 14 days. On the last day of treatment, mice were subjected to behavioral tests. Subsequently, their plasma and muscle were collected after the treadmill test to measure lactate, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), ammonia, corticosterone, glycogen, and creatine kinase (CK). We found that HemoHIM moderately increased the running time (s) in the treadmill and mobility duration in the cold swimming tests. In addition, the VEH group showed a significant increase in lactate, LDH, and corticosterone levels in the plasma compared to the group that did not perform the test. However, this was moderately reduced in HemoHIM treatment. Moreover, the HemoHIM-treated group showed significant differences in LDH and glycogen levels, and showed significantly different CK levels in the muscle. HemoHIM is considered to be effective in improving fatigue, given the duration of cold swimming or running time on a treadmill. Also, HemoHIM treatment resulted in reduced concentrations of blood and muscle parameter analysis.