• 시스템엔지니어링학술지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.76-84
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• 2021

Radioactive waste generated from nuclear power plant decommissioning shall be strictly managed so that radioactive materials above the allowable limit are not leaked into the environment. Radioactive wastes shall be classified and treated for management based on characteristics such as the type of waste, physicochemical properties, nuclide concentration and radioactivity. Waste characterization report shall be prepared and submitted to the disposal facility operator to ensure that the treated waste is suitable for disposal. The disposal facility operator shall review the waste Characterization report and visit the nuclear power plant decommissioning site to ensure that the wastes are processed step by step according to the plan. The waste Characterization report may be used as input data to evaluate disposal facility safety. Domestic and foreign data are collected and reviewed to confirm the entire processes from waste generation to delivery. This paper proposes the method to prepare the waste Characterization report which contains data and information on waste characteristics, treatment facilities & method and packaging method & container.

• 시스템엔지니어링학술지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.65-75
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• 2021

When the decommissioning of South Korea nuclear power plants is promoted in earnest with the permanent shutdown of Kori Unit 1 in 2017, a large amount of various types of radioactive waste will be generated. For minimal generation and safe management of decommissioning waste, the waste should be made by appropriate classification of the dismantling waste characteristics in accordance with physical, chemical and radiological characteristics to meet the acceptance criteria of disposal facilities. Replacing the preliminary inspection at the site for the compliance of the waste acceptance criteria (WAC) of medium and low-level radioactive waste with the generator's own radioactive waste certification program (WCP), from the perspective of disposal, the optimization of waste management at the national level contributes to the efficient availability of disposal, such as the processing of non-conforming radioactive wastes at the site. To this end, it is important to evaluate radioactivity in each system and area such as nuclear reactors before decommissioning is carried out in earnest, and the prior removal of harmful wastes is important. From waste collection to waste disposal, decommissioning waste should be managed at each stage in consideration of the acceptance criteria of disposal facilities to minimize the generation of non-conforming waste.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권10호
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• pp.3617-3627
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• 2023

This study presents a method to solidify spent ion-exchange resin (IER) in a metakaolin-based geopolymer and shows results of mechanical strength, immersion, leaching, irradiation, and thermal cycling tests for waste acceptance criteria (WAC) to repository. The geopolymer waste form with 20 wt% of simulated spent IER met the WAC in South Korea (ROK), and the leaching tests of various sized-waste forms up to 15.0 × 30.0 cm and waste loadings up to 20 wt% for 1-5 d and 1-90 d achieved a leachability index, L_i > 6. In a leaching test for 5 d, the cumulative fraction leached (CFL) for Cs, which leached the most, was linearly correlated with the square root of leaching time for all waste forms, and L_i increased as the size of the waste form increased. The CFL was also correlated with elapsed time in the 90 d leaching test. The correlations among CFL, time, and volume-to-surface area ratio of waste forms used to estimate the L_i of Cs of a 200-L sized geopolymer with 15 wt% IER showed the L_i values as 14.73 (5 d) and 17.71 (90 d), respectively, indicating that the large-sized geopolymer waste form met the WAC.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 7th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management Summit Forum on Sustainable Construction and Management
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• pp.321-327
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• 2017

China is experiencing the urbanization at an unprecedented speed and scale in human history. The continuing growth of China's big cities, both in city land and population, has already led to great challenges in China's urban planning and construction activities, such as the continuous increase of construction and demolition (C&D) waste. Therefore, how to characterize cities' construction activities, particularly dynamically quantify the flows of building materials and construction debris, has become a pressing problem to alleviate the current shortage of resources and realize urban sustainable development. Accordingly, this study is designed to employ 4D-GIS (four dimensions-Geographic Information System) and Internet Plus to offer new approach for accurate but dynamic C&D waste management. The present study established a spatio-temporal pattern and material metabolism evolution model to characterize the geo-distribution of C&D waste by combing material flow analysis (MFA) and 4D-GIS. In addition, this study developed a mobile application (APP) for C&D waste trading and information management, which could be more effective for stakeholders to obtain useful information. Moreover, a cloud database was built in the APP to disclose the flows of C&D waste by the monitoring information from vehicles at regional level. To summarize, these findings could provide basic data and management methods for the supply and reverse supply of building materials. Meanwhile, the methodologies are practical to C&D waste management and beyond.

• 에너지공학
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2018

In this paper, we reported that the influence of advanced functional mineral filler calcium carbonate ($CaCO_3$) extracted from oyster shell waste, which are rich mineral sources of $CaCO_3$. Oyster Shells, available in abundance, have no eminent use and are commonly regarded as waste. Their improper disposal causes a significant level of environmental concern and also results in a waste of natural resources. Recycling shell waste could potentially eliminate the disposal problem, and also turn an otherwise useless waste into high value added products. Oyster shell waste calcination process to produce pure lime (CaO) which have good anti-microbial property for waste water treatment and then focuses on its current applications to treat the coffee waste and its effluents for biological treatment and utilization as a fertilizers.

• 에너지공학
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.315-324
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• 2012

폐기물 저감 재활용 에너지화 기술은 27대 중점 녹색기술 중 하나로, 2012년까지 정부 R&D 투자가 증가해야 함에도 불구하고, 2008년~2010년 기간 동안 연평균 증가율이 오히려 감소하였다. 이에 따라 동 분야의 정부 R&D 투자 현황을 상세히 분석하였고, 그 결과 총 정부 R&D 투자는 감소하였지만, 동 분야에서 정의하는 전략제품 서비스 기술에 대한 투자는 증가하고 집중화 되는 추세로 나타나 투자의 질적인 측면은 양호했다고 판단된다. 특히 2010년에는 전략제품 서비스 기술 중 3개 기술군((1) 폐기물 에너지화설비, (2) 폐기물자원순환시설, (3) 폐기물기반 물질생산시설)의 비중이 24 ~ 28%로 비교적 균등하게 투자되어, 정부 R&D 투자는 질적으로 적절했다고 판단되어 진다. 이러한 분석틀은 향후 녹색기술 R&D 정책 추진점검에서 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제28권1D호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2008

향후 국내의 주택건설 산업은 신규 택지개발에 의한 주택공급 방식보다는 기존 주택의 재개발 및 재건축에 더 큰 비중을 둘 수밖에 없으며, 현재 그러한 추세가 급속하게 확산되고 있다. 또한 재고주택 중 공동주택이 50% 이상을 차지하고 있으며, 이들의 유지보수, 리모델링 및 재건축은 주거지의 슬럼화 방지, 건물성능 저하에 따른 재난방지 등을 위하여 반드시 필요한 분야가 되었다. 따라서 이러한 재개발 재건축 등의 활성화로 인하여 도심지 해체공사가 증가함에 따라 건설폐기물의 발생량이 대폭 증가하고 있다. 따라서 건설폐기물의 적정관리는 매우 중요한 사항이 되어 가고 있으나, 발생 폐기물을 정확히 예측하기 위한 연구가 부족하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 공동주택의 해체물량을 정확히 예측할 수 있는 건설폐기물 원단위 산정 기준을 제시한다. 이것은 해체공사시 발생 가능한 건설폐기물을 손쉽고 정확히 예측할 수 있으며, 이것은 국가 폐기물 정책에 매우 중요한 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국건설관리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건설관리학회 2008년도 정기학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.388-391
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• 2008

향후 국내의 주택건설 산업은 신규 택지개발에 의한 주택공급 방식보다는 기존 주택의 재개발 및 재건축에 더 큰 비중을 둘 수밖에 없으며, 현재 그러한 추세가 급속하게 확산되고 있다. 또한 재고주택 중 공동주택이 50% 이상을 차지하고 있으며, 이들의 유지보수, 리모델링 및 재건축은 주거지의 슬럼화 방지, 건물성능 저하에 따른 재난방지 등을 위하여 반드시 필요한 분야가 되었다. 이에 따라 건설폐기물의 재활용에 대한 관심 또한 매우 커져가고 있다. 따라서 정부나 민간에서는 건설폐기물의 발생량을 줄이기 위해 많은 노력을 하고 있다. 그러나 건설폐기물의 발생량을 정확히 예측하고 관리하기 위한 시스템의 개발에 대한 노력은 거의 없는 실정이다. 폐기물의 발생량을 예측하기 위한 기준의 미비로 인해 많은 사회적 비용이 발생하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 CAD 도면과 3D object를 활용하여 건설폐기물의 발생량을 쉽게 예측할 수 있는 방안을 제시한다.

• 시스템엔지니어링학술지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.85-96
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• 2021

Radioactive mixed waste (RMW) means waste mixed with radioactive substances and hazardous substances. In Korea, there are definitions and disposal restrictions on RMW in the Nuclear Safety Management Act, but it is difficult to apply because the contents are insufficient, so this paper proposed applicable management standards. The main RMW generated from nuclear power plants is waste oil, waste asbestos, PCB, and waste fluorescent liquid, and their radiation characteristics are mostly at very low levels and some are estimated at low levels. In addition to nuclear power plants, RMW also occurs in research institutes, industries, and hospitals. The acceptance criteria of all disposal facilities in the world basically prohibit disposal of RMW unless the hazardous substances of RMW are removed or mitigated below the standard value. Cases in Korea, the United States, Japan and Europe were reviewed to propose the RMW management standards in Korea. With reference to the results of the above review, this paper clearly defined RMW and proposed detailed management standards for the separation, storage, treatment and disposal of hazardous substances by applying the Waste Control Act. It also mentioned legislation of management standards, regulatory methods, and acceptance criteria of disposal facility operator.

• 에너지공학
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2018

In this paper, we investigated the alternative sources of limestone. Oyster shell waste originated from aquaculture that causes a major disposal landfill problem in coastal sectors in southeast Korea. Their inadequate disposal causes a significant environmental problems araised. Bio mineralization leads to the formation of oyster shells and consists $CaCO_3$ as a major phase with a small amount of organic matter. It is a good alternative material source instead of natural lime stone. The utilization of oyster shell waste for industrial applications instead of natural limestone is major advantage for conservation of natural limestone. The present work describes the limestone and oyster shells hydraulic activity and chemical composition and characteristics are most similar for utilization of oyster shell waste instead of natural limestone.