• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.56-60
• /
• 2000

We investigated that the extract of Aloe vera L. and its fractions exert antimutagenic activity against Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100, and antileukemic effect against K562 human leukemia cell line. The aqueous ethanolic extract of A. vera L. was revealed to have antimutagenic effect on the AF-2 (2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-acrylamide) in Salmonella mutation assay. Among the three fractions (fractions A, B and C) separated by silica gel chromatography, fraction C $(50\;{\mu}g/plate)$ exhibited the greatest antimutagenic effect on the AF-2 with inhibition rate of 84 and 90% in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100, respectively. The fraction C $(500\;{\mu}g/ml)$ inhibited the growth of K562 human leukemia cell line by 93% in MTT assay. However, the components of A. vera L. did not exhibit cytotoxic effect against MDBK bovine normal kidney in MTT assay.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.1134-1137
• /
• 2002

To investigate the neurotoxic effect of organic chloride on cultured mouse cerebral neurons, cytotoxic effect was measured by MTT assay after cultured cerebral neurons were incubated with various concentrations of methyl mercuric chloride(MMC) for 24 hours. The protective effect of Radix Polygoni Multiflori(RPM) on MMC-induced neurotoxicity was also examined in these cultures. MMC decreased cell viability of cultured mouse cerebral neurons remarkably in a dose- and time-dependent manners. In protective effect of RPM it was remarkably effective in blocking the neuroxicity induced by MMC. From aboved the results, it is suggested that MMC induce neurotoxicity, and the herba extract, RPM is very effective in preventing MMC-induced cytotoxicity on cultured mouse cerebral neurons.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.278-285
• /
• 1993

The anticlastogenic effect of N-acetylcysteine was tested in vivo in mouse bone-marrow micronucleus assay. The frequencies of micronuclei induced by adriamycin (5 mg/kg i.p.) in bonemarrow cells were decreased by the oral administration of N-acetylcysteine at 12 h before adriamycin injection. The observed suppressing effect was not a reflection of a delay in the formation of micronuclei by the cytotoxic effect of N-acetylcysteine. The anticlastogenic effects of SH compound including N-acetylcysteine, cysteine, cystine, S-carboxy methylcysteine and glutathione were also investigated by the multiple pretreatment. Each SH compound was administered orally every day for 5 days and adriamycin (5 mg/kg i.p.) was injected at 24h after the last dose of test compound. N-acetylcysteine and glutathione showed significantly the suppressive effect at dose of 10 and 25 mg/kg for N-acetylcysteine and at the dose of 25 mg/kg for glutathione. Our study suggests that N-acetylcysteine is capable of protecting the chromosomal damages in the normal cells during cancer chemotherapy by adriamycin, and may act as an anticlastogen against induction of micronuclei by superoxide generating agent such as adriamycin.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.457-460
• /
• 2003

It has been suggested that oxidative stress of reactive oxygen species(ROS) may play an important role in the pathogenesis of neurological disorder. The aim of this study was to elucidate the oxidative stress of glucose oxidase(GO) in the cultured mouse spinal motor neurons and the preventing effect of Benincasae Semen(BS) on ROS-induced neurotoxicity. Cytotoxic effect of GO and protective effect of BS were performed by MTT assay. 30mU/ml GO decreased cell viability in dose-and time-dependent mannner, and BS diminished GO-induced neurotoxicity in these cultures. From above the results, ROS such as GO has toxic effect, and herb extract of BS is very effective against GO-induced neurotoxicity in cultured spinal motor neurons of neonatal mouse.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.28 no.6
• /
• pp.593-600
• /
• 2014

This study is aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of Euphorbiae kansui radix methanol extract (ERE) in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages. Peritoneal macrophages were obtained from thioglycollate-injected Balb/c mice. Cells were stimulated with LPS or LPS plus interferon-gamma (IFN-${\gamma}$) in the presence of ERE and various inflammatory markers were assayed. Finally, LPS-induced signaling molecules were measured. ERE up to $400{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, was not cytotoxic to ERE inhibited LPS/IFN-${\gamma}$-induced nitric oxide (NO), inducible NO synthase. ERE also reduced the levels of cyclooxygenase-2 and the proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, interleukin(IL)-6 and IL-12. The inhibitory effect of ERE on LPS-induced $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ degradation was weak but phosphorylation of JNK, p38 and ERK1/2 was strongly suppressed. Our data indicated that the anti-inflammatory effect of ERE in LPS-stimulated macrophages was partly mediated by its inhibition of JNK, p38 and ERK1/2.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.149-156
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the wound healing effect of acai berry water extracts (ABWE) and a possible underlying mechanism involved in its action using various in vitro and in vivo models. The wound healing effect of ABWE was evaluated by migration assay using HS68 fibroblast cells. In addition, its effect on mRNA expression of procollagen, fibronectin, and MMP-1 was determined. Moreover, the wound healing effect of ABWE was evaluated in in vivo wound models through macroscopic and microscopic observation. In addition, mRNA expression levels of wound related genes were determined. Results revealed that ABWE was not cytotoxic. It increased migration of HS68 fibroblast cells. ABWE increased mRNA expression levels of fibronectin but decreased the mRNA expression levels of MMP-1. ABWE also showed significantly potent wound healing effect in vivo based on macroscopic and histopathological observation and mRNA expression evaluation for wound related genes. Taken together, our results indicated that ABWE might have potential as a wound healing agent.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.104-110
• /
• 2011

Korean red ginseng (RG), which is a ginseng treated by heating and steaming, has biological activity similar to Panax ginseng. The effect of ginseng on influenza infection has not been studied although it is known to have a broad range of biological activities. The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of RG extract on influenza A (H1N1) virus infection. We investigated the inhibitory effect of RG extract on plaque formation by influenza A virus in a cell-based plaque assay, and the effect of orally administered RG on influenza A virus infection in mice. RG extract, which was applied at a non-cytotoxic concentration, inhibited plaque formation by influenza A virus in the cell-based plaque assay. The orally administered RG extract ameliorated body weight loss and significantly increased survival in mice infected with influenza A virus. Our results suggest that RG extract has components that reduce the severity of infection by influenza A virus and could potentially be used as a complement to treatment of influenza A virus infections.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.299-305
• /
• 2016

Although cryopreservation of sperm is routinely used for clinical requirement, it has some problems, such as high generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cold-shock. To reduce the detrimental damage in sperm, anti-oxidants were added to cryoprotectant for sperm. Curcumin is one of anti-oxidants, which are added in cryoprotectants. However, recent studies have demonstrated that curcumin decreases sperm viability and motility. This study was performed to identify the effect of curcumin on hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$)-exposed bovine sperm, which were cryopreserved-thawed. In $H_2O_2$-exposed bovine sperm, reactive oxygen species (ROS) were significantly reduced by treatment with curcumin in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). Among tested concentrations of curcumin (1 to $50{\mu}M$), 30 and $50{\mu}M$ curcumin showed anti-oxidant effect on $H_2O_2$-induced ROS generation. On the other hand, combination of 30 or $50{\mu}M$ curcumin with anti-oxidant $H_2O_2$ increased the percentage of apoptotic sperm compared to only $H_2O_2$ treatment. Sperm viability was also decreased in the combination of 30 or $50{\mu}M$ curcumin with $H_2O_2$ as judged by FDA/PI staining. $H_2O_2$-induced decrease in sperm progressive motility was recovered by treatment with $1{\mu}M$ curcumin. These results show that high concentration of curcumin has anti-oxidant effect, but it has also cytotoxic effect on bovine sperm. Sperm viability and motility might be more affected by cytotoxic signals of curcumin compared to antioxidant signals.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.15-24
• /
• 2012

Objectives : In recent years, many studies have been widely researching anti-inflammation effect of various medicinal plants. $Cinnamomi$ $Cortex$ was not enough in researching of the anti-inflammation. Moreover, there is no comparative study about extraction methods. Therefore, we investigated the inhibitory effects of $Cinnamomi$ $Cortex$ pharmacopuncture by EtOH and Hot water extraction on Nitric oxide(NO), Prostaglandin E2(PGE2) production, Cyclooxygenase(COX)-2, inducible NOS(iNOS) expression and extracellular signal regulate kinase(ERK)1/2 phosphorylation in lipopolysaccharide(LPS) induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cell. Methods : $Cinnamomi$ $Cortex$ was extracted by EtOH and Hot water. RAW 264.7 macrophage cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Effect of $Cinnamomi$ $Cortex$ pharmacopuncture on NO and PGE2 production in LPS induced macrophages was accessed by Griess assay and enzyme-linked immunospecific assay(ELISA), respectively. Inhibition effect on COX-2, iNOS expression and ERK1/2 phosphorylation was examined by Immunoblotting assay. Results : 1. Cytotoxic effect of $Cinnamomi$ $Cortex$ pharmacopuncture by Hot water extraction in RAW 264.7 macrophages was not appeared, except $3125{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. And cytotoxic effect was not appeared in EtOH extraction method. 2. $Cinnamomi$ $Cortex$ pharmacopuncture by EtOH and Hot water extraction inhibited NO production in LPS induced macrophages significantly. 3. $Cinnamomi$ $Cortex$ pharmacopuncture by EtOH and Hot water extraction inhibited PGE2 production in LPS induced macrophages significantly. 4. $Cinnamomi$ $Cortex$ pharmacopuncture by EtOH and Hot water extraction inhibited COX-2, iNOS expression in LPS induced macrophages. Especially, it has been confirmed that COX-2, iNOS expression were effectively inhibited in Hot water extraction. 5. $Cinnamomi$ $Cortex$ pharmacopuncture by EtOH and Hot water extraction inhibited ERK1/2 phosphorylation in LPS induced macrophages. Especially, it has been confirmed that ERK1/2 phosphorylation was effectively inhibited in Hot water extraction. Conclusions : According to the results, $Cinnamomi$ $Cortex$ pharmacopuncture suppresses NO, PGE2 production, COX-2, iNOS expression and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in LPS induced macrophages. It has a potential for treating various inflammatory diseases, and Hot water extraction method could be used more extensively than EtOH extraction method.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.19 no.9
• /
• pp.1251-1257
• /
• 2009

We investigated the growth inhibitory effect of internal organs of Todarodes pacificus (TP) on proliferation in human cancer cell lines in vitro. The internal organs of TP were extracted with methanol (TPM), which was then further fractionated into four subfractions by using a solvent partition method, resulting in hexane (TPMH), methanol (TPMM), butanol (TPMB), and aqueous (TPMA) soluble fractions. We determined the cytotoxic effect of these four fractions in three kinds of cancer cell lines - HepG2, MCF-7 and HT-29 - by MTT assay. Among the four subfractions of TPM, TPMH showed the strongest cytotoxic effects at a concentration of $300{\mu}g$/ml, displaying 91.56% on the HepG2 cell line and 85.93% on the MCF-7 cell line. Morphological changes such as membrane shirinking and blebbing of cells were also observed during TPMH treatment of HepG2 cells. In addition, we also observed quinone reductase (QR) induced effect in the methanol (TPMM) layer of HepG2 cells. TPMM showed the highest induction activity of quinone reductase on HepG2 cells among the other partition layers. The QR induced effect of TPMM was determined to be 2.7 at a level of $360{\mu}g$/ml with a control value of 1.0. Although further studies are needed, the present work suggests that internal organs of Todarodes pacificus (TP) may be a chemopreventive agent for the treatment of human cells.